ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+Mathematics+Contest-Benjamin+Level [1]

Grade 5
International Kangaroo Mathematics Contest-
Benjamin Level
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Choose correct answer(s) from the given choices

(1) The ratio of the weight of Abida to that of her friend Nafisa is 5:9. Nafisa goes on a diet and
loses 4 kg and now the ratio of their weights is 5:7. How much does Nafisa weigh now?
a. 18 b. 8
c. 14 d. 10

(2) = 15 bulbs

=?

a. 10 bulbs b. 12 bulbs
c. 13 bulbs d. 11 bulbs

(3) Which of the following is correct?

a. 600 + 47 = 60 + 47 b. 600 + 47 = 607 + 40
c. 600 + 47 = 604 + 7 d. 600 + 47 = 670 + 4

(4) ABCD is a parallelogram. Find the ratio of the area of the triangle ABC to the area of
the parallelogram ABCD.

a. 1:2 b. 2:1
c. 3:1 d. 1:3

(5) If 'a' means '÷', 'b' means '-', 'c' means '×' and 'd' means '+', then what is the value of
the expression 80 a 16 b 4 c 1 d 2 ?
a. 6 b. 3
c. 16 d. 2

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Fill in the blanks

(6) If the power plant is 35km 0m from Fazal's house, then the distance from the school to

the park is 5 km 900 m.

← 5 km 700 m → ← 8 km 800 m →
House hospital train station
↑
5 km 500 m
↓

←9 km 100 m→ ←?→
power plant park school

(7) + + + + + + = 19 kg

+ = 6 kg

+ = 4 kg

Weight of one = 3 kg.

(8) Along a highway, there are electric poles on one side of the highway and telegraph
poles on the other side. The electric poles are separated by 18 m and the telegraph
poles are separated by 150 m. If an electric and a telegraph pole are both present at
the point where the highway begins, then they both will be in front of each other again

after a distance of 450 m.

Answer the questions

(9) Which is the next term in this series?

3, 7, 12, 18, 25, 33, 42, ...
9) Ans - 52
13
(10) If an angle is times its supplement, then what is the value of that angle?
23

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Solutions
(1) c. 14

Step 1
5
It is given that the ratio of the weight of Abida to that of Nafisa = 5:9 =
9
Therefore, we can assume the weights of Abida and Nafisa be 5x and 9x, respectively.

Step 2
Nafisa goes on a diet and loses 4 kg, therefore her new weight will be (9x - 4) kg.
5x
Now, the new ratio of the weight of Abida to that of Nafisa =
9x - 4

Step 3
From step 1 and step 2, we get
5x 5
=
9x - 4 7
By cross multiplying both sides in the above equation, we get,
5 × (9x - 4) = 35x
⇒ 45x - 20 = 35x
⇒ 45x - 35x = 20
⇒ 10x = 20
20
⇒x=
10
⇒x=2

Step 4
Thus, the weight of Nafisa = 9x - 4
= (9 × 2) - 4
= 18 - 4
= 14 kg

Step 5
Hence, option c is the correct answer.

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(2) b. 12 bulbs

Step 1

It is shown that = 15 bulbs.

Step 2
15
Therefore, = = 3 bulbs
5

Step 3

Therefore, = 4 × 3 = 12 bulbs

(3) b. 600 + 47 = 607 + 40

Step 1
Let us check the left hand side and the right hand side of every option individually.

Step 2
Options a: LHS = 600 + 47 = 647
RHS = 60 + 47 = 107
Here, LHS is not equal to RHS.

Step 3
Options b: LHS = 600 + 47 = 647
RHS = 607 + 40 = 647
Here, LHS is equal to RHS.

Step 4
Options c: LHS = 600 + 47 = 647
RHS = 604 + 7 = 611
Here, LHS is not equal to RHS.

Step 5
Options d: LHS = 600 + 47 = 647
RHS = 670 + 4 = 674
Here, LHS is not equal to RHS.

Step 6
Hence, option b is the correct option.

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(4) a. 1:2

Step 1

We know that the opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in length. So in

triangles BCA and DCA:
AD = BC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
BA = CD (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
AC = AC (Common side)
We may say that all the sides of these two triangles are equal.

Step 2
This also means that the area of both the triangles is equal which is equal to half
the area of the parallelogram.

Step 3
This means the ratio of the area of triangle ABC to the parallelogram ABCD will be
1:2.

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(5) b. 3

Step 1
Anyone of the two rules (BODMAS and PEMDAS) can be used for simplifying the
order of operations.

According to the BODMAS rule, the order of operations is as follows:

Brackets −( ), { }, [ ], Bar (Any expression under the bar is treated as if it’s

inside the bracket)
Division or Multiplication (from left to right)
Addition or Subtraction (from left to right)

According to the PEMDAS rule, the order of operations is as follows:

Parenthesis
Exponent
Multiplication or Division (from left to right)
Addition or Subtraction (from left to right)

Step 2
Let us first replace the values of a, b, c and d with the mathematical symbols they
represent to create an expression:
80 ÷ 16 - 4 × 1 + 2

Step 3
Let us now do division. Since 80 ÷ 16 = 5, the expression becomes:
5-4×1+2

Step 4
Let us now do multiplication. Since 4 × 1 = 4, the expression becomes:
5-4+2

Step 5
Let us now do subtraction, and then addition. We get:
5-4+2=3

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(6) 5 900

Step 1
From the given picture, we can see that,
Distance between Fazal's house and power plant = Distance between house and
hospital + Distance between hospital and train station + Distance between train
station and school + Distance between school and park + Distance between park
and power plant

Step 2
Distance between Fazal's house and power plant = 5 km 700 m + 8 km 800 m + 5
km 500 m + Distance between school and park + 9 km 100 m

Step 3
Distance between Fazal's house and power plant = Distance between school and
park + 29 km 100 m

Step 4
Therefore, Distance between school and park = Distance between Fazal's house
and power plant − 29 km 100 m
= 35km 0m − 29 km 100 m
= 5 km 900 m

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(7)
3

Step 1
The second addition statement is:

+ = 6 kg

This statement means that whenever we see the above two vegetables together,
we can write 6 kg in place of them.

Step 2
The third addition statement is:

+ = 4 kg

This statement means that whenever we see the above two vegetables together,
we can write 4 kg in place of them.

Step 3
The first addition statement is:

+ + + + + + = 19 kg

There are many vegetables in the above statement. Let us try to decrease the
number of vegetables in it by replacing them with their weights from steps 1 and
2:

1. Remove one and one from the above statement and use the

number 4 kg in its place (Using the addition statement in step 2). The above
statement becomes:

4+ + + + + = 19 kg

2. Remove one and one from the above statement and use the

number 6 kg in its place (Using the addition statement in step 1). The above

statement becomes 6 + 4 + + + = 19 kg

3. Remove one and one from the above statement and use the

number 6 kg in its place (Using the addition statement in step 1). The above

statement becomes 6 + 6 + 4 + = 19 kg

Now we are left with only one vegetable in the above statement. From here, we
can find its weight.

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+Mathematics+Contest-Benjamin+Level [10]

Step 4
The statement we arrived at in step 3 can be written as:

16 + = 19 kg

We know the sum (19 kg) and one addend (16). The other addend can be found by
subtracting the known addend from the sum:
Unknown addend = Sum − Known addend

= 19 − 16 = 3 kg

Step 5
The second statement tells us:

3+ = 6 kg

We know the weight of one addend as 3 kg, and we know the sum as 6 kg. The
other addend can be found by subtracting the known addend from the sum:

Weight of = 6 − 3 = 3 kg.

Step 6

Hence, the weight of one is 3 kg.

(8) 450

Step 1
Since an electric pole is there at every 18 m, it will be present at every multiple of
18.

Step 2
Similarly, a telegraph pole is there at every 150 m. It will thus be present at every
multiple of 150.

Step 3
Now, the distance at which both types of poles will be present again, should be a
multiple of both 18 and 150. Therefore, we need to find the Least Common
Multiple (LCM) of 18 and 150 in order to find such a distance.

Step 4
LCM of 18 and 150 = 450 m

Step 5
Therefore, both types of poles will be together again after a distance of 450 m.

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+Mathematics+Contest-Benjamin+Level [11]

(9) 52

Step 1
If you notice the numbers in this series, you will find that the difference between
successive terms is increasing by 1,
7-3=4
12 - 7 = 5
18 - 12 = 6
25 - 18 = 7
33 - 25 = 8
42 - 33 = 9

Step 2
Therefore, the difference between 42 and the next term should be 10.

Step 3
So, next term = 42 + 10= 52

(10) 65°

Step 1
13
Let the angle be x. It is given that the angle is times its supplement.
23
13
So, x = × (180° - x) Therefore, the sum of this angle and its supplementary
23
angle will be
13 36
1+ = times the supplementary angle.
23 23

Step 2
We know that the sum of an angle and its supplementary angle is 180°.
36
⇒ times supplementary angle = 180°
23
23
⇒ Therefore, the supplementary angle = 180 ×
36
⇒ Supplementary angle = 115°

Step 3
Therefore, the required angle = 180° - 115° = 65°
(In higher grades you will learn Algebra, using which such questions can be solved
very easily. For more details read this article.
Algebra - A fascinating subject)

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