GROUP 1

PERSPECTIVE OF LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF ASSEMBLING

SKILLS IN GRADE 12 ICT - CSS STUDENT AT NHS

LEADER: Calain,Iankenn A.
ASSISTANT: Francia,Edrian Marco
SECRETARY: Fernandez, Arishelle

MMembers: Boys
Acosta, Daryl
Daymiel, Matthew
John Lacuesta,Christopher
Malalis,John Rofer
Seda,John Benedict
Sandajan,Jiro
Villando,Ray David

G Girls
Cablores,Angela Shin
Dingcong,Rovelyn
Operiano,Janin
Salva,Ma Rhea
 GROUP 1

CHAPTER 1
Introduction

Limited knowledge in assembling computer systems not only pertains to physical hardware assembly
but also encompasses software configuration and optimization. When individuals or organizations
lack a deep understanding of these areas, it can lead to a host of issues.

These issues include hardware components being mismatched or improperly installed, resulting in
potential inefficiencies and errors. Moreover, software may not be configured correctly, leading to
compatibility issues, security vulnerabilities, and suboptimal system performance. To avoid these
challenges, it’s vital to invest in continuous education and training to stay updated with the latest
technologies and best practices, ensuring that computer systems are reliable, efficient, and
secure.The understanding of assembling skills has evolved over time, with ancient times relying on
trial and error and traditional methods.

The Middle Ages saw the rise of guilds, specialized skills, and apprenticeships. The Renaissance
emphasized education and knowledge pursuit, while the Industrial Revolution reduced reliance on
individual craftsmanshipThe rapid development of technology and automation has transformed
assembly skills, with complex machinery and computer-controlled systems requiring specialized
knowledge. The digital age has also introduced virtual assembling skills, such as 3D modeling and
CAD. Currently, a combination of theoretical understanding, practical experience, and proficiency in
specialized tools and technologies is necessary for successful assembly work.The process of
assembling computer systems and providing related services is a key component of the research of
the perspective of limited knowledge on assembly skills in computer system services.

This field of study is to comprehend the difficulties, coping mechanisms, and potential for learning for
those with little prior expertise in this area. Examining the difficulties experienced by people with little
experience assembling computers is one of the main goals of this study. These People frequently
struggle to comprehend the numerous components and their compatibility, as well as the correct
assembly procedure, due to their lack of technical knowledge. It could be challenging for them to
solve problems that come up during assembly, creating more problems. It can also be more difficult
for people with little understanding to find the necessary information and support because they have
restricted access to resources like technical manuals and online instructions.Refers to the idea that
some individuals may not have the necessary skills or experience to assemble computer systems.
 GROUP 1

Assembling a computer system requires a certain level of technical knowledge and expertise, including an
understanding of the different components and how they work together. If someone has limited knowledge or
experience in this area, It can cause struggle to assemble a computer system correctly, which could result in
errors or malfunctions. This is why it is important for individuals who are not confident in assembling skills to
seek out professional computer system services to ensure that system is assembled properly and functions
as intended.

The purpose of study is to investigate the experiences and challenges faced by grade 12 ICT CSS students
with limited knowledge in assembling skills, from both foreign and local backgrounds. Through a
comprehensive analysis of the factors that hinder their learning and proficiency in assembling, this study
seeks to identify effective instructional approaches and support systems that can enhance their
understanding and application of these skills. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for
educators and policymakers to design targeted interventions and strategies, tailored to the needs of these
students, and ultimately improve their academic performance and outcomes.
 GROUP 1

Definition of terms
Assembling computer systems -a process in which all the internal components of the computer system are
fitted to make the computer functional.

CAD-computer-aided design and drafting technology for design and technical documentation

Computer-controlled -controlled by computers, esp without direct human intervention. Participants either
individually or in pairs.

Encompasses -To form a circle about configuration and Optimization

Hardware assembly -refers to the process of putting together various physical components or parts to
create a functioning hardware device or system.

Technical Knowledge -here means the absorption of some general skills (reading, writing) as well as the
introduction, at the early stages of schooling, to some general scientific and technological ideas to be
supplemented, at later stages, by a higher degree of specialisation.
 GROUP 1

Conceptual framework
This study is about the relationship between of having limited knowledge in assembling skill on computer system services
of selected grade 12 student. This variable represents the limited understanding or knowledge of grade 12 students in
assembling computer system services. It can be measured through surveys or interviews that assess their level of
confidence, familiarity, and expertise in assembling computer systems. their skills in this area.

improved knowledge
-Limited knowledge on and skills
assembling skills in
computer system -Enhancing one's
services abilities in computer
-Observation - system assembly.
- Computer system Interview - Problem
components and parts -solving techniques:
Developing effective
- Technical strategies to tackle
documentation and challenges.
resources - Documentation and
- Tools and equipment reports: Recording the
-Strategies assembly process,

FEED BACK
 GROUP 1

The input variables is include the limited knowledge of assembling skills in computer system services, computer system
components and parts, technical documentation and resources, tools and equipment, and strategies.

The process involves 2 main steps. The first step is observing, which involves observing the respondents on how they
assembling a system unit. The second step is Interviewing , which includes give us to know what risk they faced during
assembling system unit.

The output of this study includes improved knowledge and skills in computer system assembly, enhancing one's
abilities in this area. It also involves the development of problem-solving techniques to tackle challenges that may arise
during the assembly process. Additionally, documentation and reports are created to record the assembly process,
troubleshooting steps, and recommendations.

Overall, this study aims to address the limited knowledge and understanding of grade 12 students in assembling
computer system services and provide insights on how to improve their skills in this area.
 GROUP 1

CHAPTER 2
Introduction
Students with limited knowledge on assembling face a unique set of challenges and risks when undertaking
tasks that require assembling various components. These challenges can range from difficulty in understanding
assembly instructions to the potential risk of damaging the components due to improper handling. To mitigate
these risks and improve their assembling skills, students can employ various strategies such as seeking guidance
from experienced individuals, utilizing online tutorials and resources, practicing with simpler assemblies before
tackling more complex ones, and developing a systematic approach to understanding and executing assembly
instructions. By adopting these strategies, students can enhance their proficiency in assembling and minimize the
risks associated with their limited

Effectiveness of Mobile Learning Media on Computer Assembly at Vocational

High School
According to R Mayefis (2020) The purpose of this study was to determine the
effectiveness of mobile learning media in computer assembly subjects in vocational
high schools. Previously this media had been declared valid by media experts and
material experts, which was then used by students. The research method used in this
study is quasi-experimental, with time-series research design. Data collection
techniques with pretest and posttest. The effectiveness obtained from the results of
the post-test seen from classical completeness, all students declared complete and
through the gain score in the medium category. Based on the findings of this study it
was concluded that the mobile learning media is effective to be used as a learning
media and increase the learning outcomes. This research recommends to be tested
more broadly and to provide more complete content for the sake of improvement in
the development o to this mobile learning media.
 GROUP 1

The effect of creative problem solving with the intervention social skills on the
performance of creative tasks
According to Hadi Suryanto(2021)This research aims to determine the social skills
intervention with the student’s ability to solve problems creatively towards
understanding the concepts and procedures: the objectives of learning. A quasi-
experimental research design was used to see the interaction between attitudes and
treatments. The research sample was students who took

computer courses in reality-based laboratories in vocational schools. Data analysis

was performed using descriptive analysis techniques and inferential statistical
multivariate analysis of variance two paths. Creative problem solving is intervened
by a background in social skills to understand concepts and procedures. Social skills
have a greater influence on the creative process. treatments. The research sample
was students who took

A case study of teachers' and students' ICT skills in Finnish schools using
performance-based testing for ICT skills assessment."

According toTeija Vainio(2018) The research focuses on skills necessary for

universal access to information, addressing digital divides. The study proposes a new
performance-based approach to assess ICT skills, challenging the reliance on self-
reports. Conducted in Finland from 2014 to 2016 with over 3,000 students and 600
teachers, the research identifies three ICT skill factors: basic digital skills, advanced
technical skills, and professional ICT skills. Gender and educational level disparities
were observed, emphasizing the need for consistent assessment methods. The study
underscores the urgency of interventions, particularly in teacher training and in-service
training, to narrow the ICT skill gap among students.
 GROUP 1

A case study of teachers' and students' ICT skills in Finnish schools using
performance-based testing for ICT skills assessment."

According toTeija Vainio(2018) The research focuses on skills necessary for

universal access to information, addressing digital divides. The study proposes a new
performance-based approach to assess ICT skills, challenging the reliance on self-
reports. Conducted in Finland from 2014 to 2016 with over 3,000 students and 600
teachers, the research identifies three ICT skill factors: basic digital skills, advanced
technical skills, and professional ICT skills. Gender and educational level disparities
were observed, emphasizing the need for consistent assessment methods. The study
underscores the urgency of interventions, particularly in teacher training and in-
service training, to narrow the ICT skill gap among students.

Effects of Infographics on Developing Computer Knowledge, Skills and

Achievement Motivation among Hail University Students
According to Abdulaziz R.(2021)This study looks into how students in a
particular course at the University of Ha'il can improve their achievement
motivation and build their e-learning and computer abilities by using static
infographics (SIs) and animated infographics (AIs). Eighty students were involved
in the study, split into four experimental groups, half of which used AIs and the
other half of which used SIs. The results of the study showed that both kinds of
infographics had a favorable impact on students' motivation for achievement, e-
learning, and computer abilities. It also showed that whereas AIs had a bigger
influence on male students' learning, SIs were more beneficial for female
studentsThe study emphasizes the value of taking into account variables including
students' needs, abilities, gender, age, and context when reforming curricula, and it
implies that the findings can support the usage of infographics in educational
settings.
 GROUP 1
Assessment of ICT Skills Relevant for Effective Learning Possessed by
Undergraduate Students at University of Nigeria"
According to Christopher A.(2020)This study, employing a descriptive survey
research design, investigated the information and communication technology
(ICT) skills essential for effective learning among 320 undergraduate students at
the University of Nigeria. Data were collected using the "Relevant ICT Skills for
Effective Learning among Undergraduate Students Questionnaire" (RISELUSQ),
with a reliability coefficient of 0.84. Four research questions and two hypotheses
were addressed through mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA analyses at
a 0.05 significance level. The findings indicate that students possess relevant ICT
skills for enhanced learning, with no significant difference between male and
female students. However, variations in ICT skills were observed among students
at different educational levels (100 to 500). The study also identified challenges,
including non-functional/limited projectors and limited e-learning 24 / 30
facilities. Recommendations include encouraging students to enhance their ICT
skills and ensuring adequate ICT infrastructure within the university
environment.

Assessment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Competence

and Literacy Skills among Undergraduates as a Determinant Factor of
Academic Achievement"
According to Nwosu, J.(2018) This examines the Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) competence and literacy skills of undergraduate students in Ogun
State, focusing on their information literacy as a determinant of academic
achievement. Using a descriptive survey design, the study sampled 300 students from
Tai Solarin University of Education (TASUED) and Babcock University (BU).
Results indicate that 80% of students possess basic ICT literacy skills, contributing to
improved academic performance. Recommendations based on the findings are
provided.
 GROUP 1
ICT for socio-economic development: A citizens’ perspective
According to Prashant Palvia(2018)There is a widespread belief that information and
communication technologies (ICTs) can play a significant role in the socio-economic
development.

Effects of Computer-Based Training in Computer Hardware Servicing on

Students' Academic Performance
According to Gabriel M Caraos(2022)This study determined the effects of
computer-based training in computer hardware servicing with a pedagogical agent
named “DAC: The Builder”

on the academic performance of computing students. Fifty-six university students (30

students in the control group, 26 students in the experimental group) participated in a
two-week experiment.
Moreover, the hands-on posttest scores of both groups had significant differences. This
study demonstrates that returning students to the lecture when they exhibit gaming the
system behavior is an effective tool for discouraging this behavior.

The Effectiveness of Using E-learning in Computer Assembly at Vocational

School
According to Adam Hendra Brata(2019)This chapter examines the significance of
computers in modern life and emphasizes the need for computer assembly skills, which
are often taught in vocational high schools (SMK). The book mentions that many
schools still utilize old teaching methods like blackboards and drawings, which may
not successfully impart computer assembly material. The idea for this research
originates from a desire to provide more effective learning tools to help students grasp
computer assembly. Previous studies employed the System Usability Scale (SUS) for
evaluation. The current study employs a pre-experimental approach, with a sample
class from the Computer and Network Engineering department at SMK 5 Malang.
The primary finding is that the generated e-learning medium led to a considerable
improvement in student learning outcomes. The pre-test and post-test scores show an
average rise of 36 to 72, indicating that e-learning is helpful in improving students'
grasp of computer assembly concepts.
 GROUP 1
Assessing the effect of training on assembly skills using virtual reality technology
According to Umar,M. (2019) aimed to investigate the impact of virtual reality-
based training on the performance of individuals in complex industrial assembly
tasks.

Appraisal and review of e-learning and ICT systems in teaching process."

According toNikolić,(2019)The article advocates for the swift integration of
information and communication technologies (ICT) and e-learning in the education
system to enhance lectures and the learning process. It emphasizes the urgency of
adopting ICT due to rapid technological advancements. The main goal is to
encourage teachers to contemplate the application of ICT in lectures, recognizing its
future indispensability. The potential benefits include improved simulation,
presentation, and visualization of learning materials. Despite posing challenges for
educators, the article aims to address and overcome these challenges in the
incorporation of ICT in teaching.

Development and Practice of Virtual Experiment Platform Based on Blender

and HTML5--Taking Computer Assembly and Maintenance as An example.
According to Lilu Ca(2020)The use of virtual training, can solve the problems
such as the shortage of training resources, slow update of equipment, lack of
training supplies, risks and environmental pollution and other issues in pure
physical equipment training. This paper applies Blender and Html5 technology to
student's experiment in colleges and universities, and designs an interactive virtual
experiment platform which integrates learning and experiment and supports muti-
terminal visualization. The design scheme, main function and implementation
technology of the platform are introduced in detail, and applied to the course of
computer assembly and maintenance. HTML5 is used to eliminate the problem of
customizing special web pages for different devices, and adaptive page design is
realized to support multi-terminal access. Based on this platform, the virtual
reality learning system of computer assembly and maintenance was designed.
After the completion of the study, knowledge acquisition, skill assessment,
psychological feeling and cognitive load were measured. Practice shows that the
application of this technology can enhance the immersion and intelligence of the
experimental process, and improve the user's interaction and experience. At the
same time, the system has a cross platform, free plug-in, easy maintenance and
other characteristics, can solve the problems of poor user experience and
compatibility of traditional virtual experiment platform.
 GROUP 1
A Design Methodology for a Computer-Supported Collaborative Skills Lab in
Technical Translation Teaching
According to Zappatore, Marco (2022)The aim of this study is to adopt more
systematically the collaborative learning dimension in the technical translation teaching at
Master Degree level. In order to do so, a computer-supported skills lab approach is
targeted. This approach is aimed at enhancing traditional courses on Computer-Assisted
Translation (CAT) so that student competences and soft skills are enhanced. Background:
In traditional CAT courses, laboratory sessions complement theoretical lessons, thus
providing students mainly with tool-oriented operational knowledge, while nowadays
more intertwined competences are required by the labor market. Moreover, this sector
lacks skills labs which engage students in collaborative activities mimicking professional
workflows, thus not exploiting team-based learning potential effectiveness. Methodology:
In this paper, therefore, a design methodology to deploy and operate an enhanced skills lab
as a remote Computer-Supported Collaborative Simulated Translation Bureau (CS2TB) is
proposed and validated. The proposed methodology is based on a set of intertwined
methodological frameworks that address: (1) student competences and educational
requirements; (2) collaborative aspects; and (3) regulatory policies as well as functional
and interactional guidelines for the simulated fieldwork. The overall effectiveness of the
proposed methodology has been assessed by using pre-post questionnaires to ascertain
student feedback. The improvement in technology skills has been evaluated by collecting
and examining student help requests as well as system error logs. Contribution: The
CS2TB provides a technology-enhanced simulation-based learning environment whose
aim is twofold: first, enriching traditional approaches with a Computer-Supported
Collaborative Learning (CSCL) experience and, second, incorporating widely adopted
approaches for the translation-teaching domain as the required grounding knowledge.

An evaluation of assembly line balancing approaches for productivity

improvement.
According to Hossain,M. M.,&Rahman M. A.(2018)The article discusses various
approaches for assembly line balancing to improve productivity in manufacturing. It
evaluates different line balancing techniques, including the Ranked Positional Weight
(RPW) method, the Kilbridge and Wester method,
 GROUP 1
Augmented Reality-Based Computer Hardware Assembly Simulation Learning Media
Design
According to Hari Okto Mandiri, (2023)From the results of observations the authors
know that in the subject of Basic Network Computers do not use learning media in the
learning process. The learning process is carried out in the form of direct practice
accompanied by an explanation from the subject teacher. This is seen as less effective in its
implementation. Thus the purpose of this study is to design learning media for computer
assembly using Augmented Reality technology in order to increase the effectiveness of the
learning process.

Self-assembly systems to troubleshoot metabolic engineering challenges

According to Shengzhu Yu(2023)Self-assembly systems in the context of metabolic
engineering involve the spontaneous organization of biological components to address
challenges in modifying cellular metabolism. Essentially, these systems leverage the
inherent ability of biological molecules to organize themselves into functional structures.
For troubleshooting metabolic engineering challenges, self-assembly systems can be
designed to optimize the production of desired compounds or enhance metabolic
pathways. By utilizing biological building blocks that naturally interact, these systems
can enhance the efficiency of engineered metabolic pathways and overcome obstacles
such as enzyme limitations or substrate availability. In practical terms, researchers may
employ self-assembling components, like protein-protein interactions or RNA-based
systems, to create dynamic and adaptable metabolic circuits within cells. This approach
allows for a more flexible and responsive system, potentially improving the success of
metabolic engineering efforts.

Assessing the risk of complex ICT systems

According to Nancy Perrot(2018)Assessing the chance of complicated ICT
structures ICT structures have become more and more more complicated and
dynamic. Moreover, dynamicity is turning into paramount in present day ICT
structures , due to the fact that new belongings and tool configurations can be
continuously added, updated, and eliminated from the gadget , main to new
protection flaws that had been now no longer even current at layout time. From a
chance evaluation perspective, this provides new demanding situations to the
defenders, as they're required to preserve dangers inside a suitable range, at the
same time as the gadget itself can be continuously evolving, once in a while in an
unpredictable way.
 GROUP 1
An exact method to incorporate ergonomic risks in Assembly Line Balancing
Problems
According to Leandro Magatão(2023)This paper focuses on incorporating ergonomic
considerations into the decision-making process of the Simple Assembly Line Balancing
Problem (SALBP) through a novel Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model
called ErgoSALBP. The model incorporates the Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA)
method, which provides ergonomic risk indicators for musculoskeletal disorders. The
paper proposes a lexicographical approach to address the problem, finding the minimum
number of stations for SALBP and then 16 / 30 solving a type-F ErgoSALBP to satisfy
maximum ergonomic risk workload. The objective is to distribute ergonomic risk among
stations. The method was tested on numerous instances with up to 297 tasks, achieving
optimal solutions for 94% of the instances. 87% of the solutions had only green stations,
indicating ideal ergonomic conditions. For instances where the model did not converge,
an optimality gap assessment procedure is provided. The model can be used as a building
block for other assembly line configurations, and the results provide trade-off insights for
managers, showing that increasing cycle time can improve worker satisfaction and
product quality in the long run.

Optimal maintenance plan for two-level assembly system and risk study of machine
failure
According to Alexandre Dolgui(2019)This paper focuses on optimizing the planning
of a two-level assembly system, consisting of a machine, inventories at two levels, and
components for assembly. The machine is subject to random failures, and a mathematical
model is developed to incorporate supply planning, stochastic lead times, and
breakdowns. A preventive maintenance plan is implemented to reduce corrective
maintenance actions. The goals of the study are to determine optimal order release dates
for components and the preventive maintenance plan, as well as quantify the risk of
machine failures impacting the lead-time of the finished product. The model minimizes
total costs, including inventory holding costs, backlogging costs, finished product
inventory holding costs, and maintenance costs. The effectiveness of the proposed model
is demonstrated using different meta-heuristics, with the genetic algorithm proving most
suitable. The optimal release dates found by this algorithm inform the optimal preventive
maintenance plan. The obtained maintenance plan is then used to assess risk and identify
the threshold repair period that avoids lost profits.
 GROUP 1
Optimal maintenance plan for two-level assembly system and risk study of
machine failure
According to Alexandre Dolgui(2019)This paper focuses on optimizing the
planning of a two-level assembly system, consisting of a machine, inventories at two
levels, and components for assembly. The machine is subject to random failures, and
a mathematical model is developed to incorporate supply planning, stochastic lead
times, and breakdowns. A preventive maintenance plan is implemented to reduce
corrective maintenance actions. The goals of the study are to determine optimal order
release dates for components and the preventive maintenance plan, as well as
quantify the risk of machine failures impacting the lead-time of the finished product.
The model minimizes total costs, including inventory holding costs, backlogging
costs, finished product inventory holding costs, and maintenance costs. The
effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated using different meta-heuristics,
with the genetic algorithm proving most suitable. The optimal release dates found by
this algorithm inform the optimal preventive maintenance plan. The obtained
maintenance plan is then used to assess risk and identify the threshold repair period
that avoids lost profits.

Challenges and opportunities on augmented reality-based guidance in product

assembly and maintenance/repair perspective: A state of the art review
According to Anil kumar Inkulu(2022)This article discusses the use of augmented
reality (AR) technology in the manufacturing industry, specifically in product assembly
and disassembly for maintenance and repair purposes. It explores how AR can support
knowledge transfer and improve adaptability and independence in these crucial stages of
manufacturing. The article presents the current state of the art literature on AR
technologies and discusses the working of various modules in AR technology, including
user-friendly guiding platforms. It also addresses the challenges of tracking and
rendering techniques for estimating human movement and environment 15 / 31
experiences. Finally, the article analyzes future research potential, such as enhancing the
virtual interface, identifying worker behaviors, and enabling sharing and collaboration in
an industrial setting.
 GROUP 1
Factors Influencing Limited Knowledge and Skill Development in Computer
System Assembly
According to Zhao, J., & Chen, H. (2018)A Longitudinal Study. Journal of
Educational Technology & Society, 21(4), 149-161. This longitudinal study
investigates the factors that
14 / 31 influence limited knowledge and skill development in computer system
assembly over time, contributing to our understanding of the learning process and the
dynamics of skill acquisition.

Knowledge discovery using an enhanced latent Dirichlet allocation-based

clustering method for solving on-site assembly problems
According to H Xiong (2022) Prompt responses to problems/faults arising in an
assembly workshop are crucial in terms of production reliability and efficiency.
However, human-dependent tasks are time-consuming and prone to error. In this
paper, we propose a knowledge discovery approach. We extract the patterns of
associations between texts in problem-solving records to generate appropriate
solutions automatically. First, we use an enhanced latent Dirichlet allocation
(EnLDA) technique to explore the document-topic and topic-word distributions of a
text corpus recording assembly problems, causes, and solutions. To increase
accuracy, we adjust the elements of the document-term matrix, and we assign term
frequency-inverse document frequencies. Second, we use the Refining Density-based
Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (Rf-DBSCAN) algorithm for text
clustering. This refines the distances among topic distribution vectors and
incorporates noise objects into clustering. This clusters textual documents with
similar semantic information, maximizing information retention. Third, we use the
Apriori algorithm to identify pattern associations among document clusters that
represent the problems, causes, and solutions. We perform a case study using field
data from an automobile assembly workshop. The results show that the method
retrieves hidden but valuable information from textual records. The decision support
knowledge facilitates assembly problem-solving.
 GROUP 1

Assembly sequence planning for motion planning

According to Weiwei Wan(2018)The first paper introduces a planner for
optimizing assembly sequences in robotic manufacturing, ensuring stability and
ease of grasp for manipulated objects. Using mesh models and relative poses as
input, the planner generates an optimal assembly sequence, providing initial and
goal configurations for motion planning algorithms. It proves effective in
both simulation and real-world scenarios, offering potential for teachingless
robotic manufacturing. The second paper explores a theoretic-lattice approach to
computer-aided generation of assembly units in CAD systems. It focuses on
product decomposition, emphasizing the importance of this design decision for
economic indicators and technical characteristics. The paper introduces s-
hypergraphs to describe product behavior during assembly, proposing a
formalization of product decomposition into assembly units. The presented
theorem allows for modeling this design decision using algebraic means.

2019 International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and

Technology
According to Faizatul Amalia(2019)In present, computers have become a major
requirement in life. Before a computer can be used, it must be get assembled first.
This process is called the computer assembly process. This process requires special
knowledge and skill which is generally found in computer assembly subjects in
Vocational Schools. In the development of learning media, there are still many
Vocational High Schools (SMK) that apply conventional media. The blackboard,
picture are usually used as learning media in class. So it makes the student still can't
understand about the material very well. It motivates the other researcher to develop
the learning media about this competence.
 GROUP 1

Further development of the method to assess the ease of disassembly and

reassembly of products: application to notebook computers
According to Joost Duflou (2018) The goal of this research is to further develop the
eDIM method based on a new application to some exemplary laptops, also referred to as
notebooks, which is a product group that is under review for the Eco-design Directive.
This study aims at evaluating the applicability of the eDIM method as a standardised
method for the assessment of the ability to access or non-destructively remove and
reassemble certain components/assemblies from products. The scope of this study is
limited to non-destructive, also refered to as reversible, disassembly and reassembly for
the purpose of repair, remanufacture and reuse. In addition, the method has been further
revised to address comments received from different stakeholders on the technical report
outlining the eDIM method and during the presentation of the “Study for a method to
assess the ease of disassembly of electrical and electronic equipment”. All comments
received, which will be addressed in the presented study, relate to the following main
topics:-Applicability of the eDIM method to a broader range of products including small,
portable electronics.-Applicability of the eDIM method for other types of connectors,
such as glues requiring wedge/pry and peel actions to be released-Applicability of the
eDIM method for partial disassembly, different levels of disassembly, reassembly and
how to deal with the allocation of the (re) disassembly time for components that need to
be disassembled sequentially.-Applicability of the eDIM method to identify potential
improvements for product’s designs.
 GROUP 1
Further development of the method to assess the ease of disassembly and
reassembly of products: application to notebook computers
According to Joost Duflou (2018) The goal of this research is to further develop the
eDIM method based on a new application to some exemplary laptops, also referred to as
notebooks, which is a product group that is under review for the Eco-design Directive.
This study aims at evaluating the applicability of the eDIM method as a standardised
method for the assessment of the ability to access or non-destructively remove and
reassemble certain components/assemblies from products. The scope of this study is
limited to non-destructive, also refered to as reversible, disassembly and reassembly for
the purpose of repair, remanufacture and reuse. In addition, the method has been further
revised to address comments received from different stakeholders on the technical report
outlining the eDIM method and during the presentation of the “Study for a method to
assess the ease of disassembly of electrical and electronic equipment”. All comments
received, which will be addressed in the presented study, relate to the following main
topics:-Applicability of the eDIM method to a broader range of products including small,
portable electronics.-Applicability of the eDIM method for other types of connectors,
such as glues requiring wedge/pry and peel actions to be released-Applicability of the
eDIM method for partial disassembly, different levels of disassembly, reassembly and
how to deal with the allocation of the (re) disassembly time for components that need to
be disassembled sequentially.-Applicability of the eDIM method to identify potential
improvements for product’s designs.

Strategies for Enhancing Knowledge in Assembling Skills: A Case Study in the

Manufacturing Industry
According to Smith (2020) is a doctoral dissertation that aims to explore the
strategies to enhance knowledge in assembling skills in the manufacturing industry.
The study used a case study approach to investigate the effectiveness of a training
program designed to improve the knowledge and skills of employees in an assembling
unit of a manufacturing company. The program included classroom training, on-the-job
training, and a mentoring program.
Data were collected through surveys, observations, and interviews with participants
before and after the training program. The results showed that the training program was
effective in enhancing 25 / 30 The knowledge and skills of employees in the assembling
unit. Participants reported significant improvements in their ability to read and interpret
assembly instructions, use assembly tools and equipment, and identify and troubleshoot
assembly problems.
Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the strategies that can be used to
enhance knowledge in assembling skills in the manufacturing industry. The findings
suggest that a comprehensive training program that includes both classroom training and
on-the-job training can be effective in improving the skills and knowledge of employees
in assembling units.
 GROUP 1

CSS droid: An android-based computer system servicing training app with virtual
computer hardware assembly
According to Albery Paytaren (2020)Computer System Servicing (CSS) covers
basic and common competencies such as installing, maintaining, configuring, and
diagnosing computer systems and networks. The main objective of the study was to
develop an android application for the students that would provide them a platform to
practice with the aid of virtual computer hardware assembly, at any given time. This
application presented a series of review questions designed to help students enhance
their knowledge and abilities on the CSS NCII assessment

Teachers’ competence in information and communications technology (ICT)

as an educational tool in teaching: An empirical analysis for program
intervention."
According to Biñas, Leomar C.(2020)The research delves into the impact of
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) on the educational system,
focusing on teachers' ICT competence across various skill sets. Using a
standardized survey questionnaire, the study assessed 72 secondary teachers in a
selected Integrated High School in the Philippines. The findings revealed that
teachers' ICT competence is at an intermediate level, with factors like age, gender,
educational attainment, and teaching position showing no significant influence.
However, the number of ICT-related seminars attended had a notable effect.
Consequently, the researchers suggested integrating ICT into teacher training,
emphasizing intermediate skill sets through the NICS-Advance program to enhance
overall ICT competence.
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A flipped-blended learning model with augmented problem based learning to
enhance students’ computer skills.
According to Basuki Wibawa(2020)This quasi-experimental research aimed to
assess the efficacy of problem-based learning (PBL) within a Flipped-Blended learning
framework to
20 / 30 enhance the academic performance of first-year Bachelor of Economics
students enrolled in a Computer Application Course at the Muhammadiyah School of
Economics in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study involved two groups of students, totaling
48 participants, with 24 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. The
results revealed noteworthy differences in the posttest performance of the experimental
and control groups in the Computer Application Course, indicating improvement
attributable to the instructional model. Furthermore, students were stimulated and
motivated by challenging tasks, and the approach facilitated effective time
management in the classroom.

Virtual Reality and Computer Simulation in Social Work Education: A

Systematic Review
According to Carol M.(2018)Computer simulation and virtual reality (VR) have
become valuable tools in social work education. VR provides realistic scenarios to
prepare students for real-life situations, while digital emulation models complex
social situations, allowing students to participate in decision-making and problem-
solving. These technologies enhance problem-solving and customer engagement
skills in social work education.
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How Digital Assistance Systems Improve Work Productivity in Assembly

According to Sven Hinrichsen & Sven Bendzioch (2018)Digital assistance systems in
assembly lines improve labor productivity by providing real-time, step-by-step
instructions, reducing errors, and eliminating the need for repeated actions. They also
facilitate speedy onboarding and training for new hires, reducing learning curves and
preserving productivity levels. Digital systems also help identify and fix errors, saving
time and resources, and optimizing workflow.

Strategies for Supporting Student's Digital Competence Development in School

According to Kumpulainen and Rajala (2019)It is likely that the literature review
explores various strategies and approaches for enhancing students' digital competence in
an educational setting. It may discuss the importance of digital skills in the modern
world, potential challenges faced by students, and effective strategies that educators can
implement to support students' digital competence development.

Integrated design environment for reusable modular assembly systems

According toJoana Goncalves(2019)This paper aims to provide a service-based
integrated prototype framework for the design of reusable modular assembly systems
(RMAS) incorporating reusability of equipment into the process. It extends
AutomationML (AML) developments for an engineering data exchange to integrate and
standardize the data formats that support the design of RMAS.
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Design and Application of Virtual Training System for Computer Hardware

Assemble
According to Yanping Tong, Fu Xie, Xiangwei Zheng, Yi Wei, (2020)
Virtual reality technology is a research focus today, and has been applied to education,
entertainment and many other fields. Computer hardware assembly is a course that
teaches students how to recognize and assemble a computer. However, traditional
teaching model has a series of problems, such as the slow update of computer training
equipment, serious hardware waste and danger of assembly experiment process. In order
to solve these problems, we designed and developed a virtual training system for
computer hardware assembly (VTSCHA) based on the Unity3D platform.

Immersive virtual-reality computer-assembly serious game to enhance autonomous

learning
According to David Checa(2023) Nowadays, especially when student isolation and
online autonomous learning is required, such sensations can provide higher satisfaction
and learning rates than conventional teaching. However, up until the present, learning
outcomes with VR tools have yet to prove their advantageous aspects over conventional
teaching. The project presents a VR serious game for teaching concepts associated with
computer hardware assembly. These concepts are often included in any undergraduate’s
introduction to Computer Science. The learning outcomes are evaluated using a pre-test
of previous knowledge, a satisfaction/usability test, and a post-test on knowledge
acquisition, structured with questions on different knowledge areas.

Symbolic-Based Recognition of Contact States for Learning Assembly Skills

According to Yuchen Zhao(2019)This research focuses on the recognition of contact
states (CS) during an assembly process using force and torque information. Human
demonstrations of assembly tasks were collected and processed to train a probabilistic
model. The goal of this approach is to improve accuracy and reduce computational effort
by utilizing symbolic and probabilistic methods. The model successfully recognized CS
based solely on force information, suggesting its potential in assisting imitation learning
for robots.
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Synthesis
In this review ,the researcher look at fifthty (50) recent studies, published from 2018-2024.Every study has
relationship in perspective of limited knowledge for assembling skills.Some studies evaluate risk and challenges
during assembling and what strategies can be used to improve assembling skills,However this study mainly focus
on perspective of students that have limited knowledge on assembling.
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