EAPP Module 3 converted

Psychology (Universal College of Parañaque)

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 English for
Academic and
Professional
Purposes

Summarizing Academic Texts

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 I. Directions: Read the following statements written on the
WHAT I KNOW bulletin board. Cross out the statements that do not describe
proper summarization and put a check after each statement
that does describe proper summarization.

Use own words to write the summary.

Include trivial details in the summary.
A summary should be a word or two.
One’s summary may contain one’s opinion of the text.
Cover main points and key ideas.

Erase repetitive ideas.

Use specific names instead of general terms.
A summary should be a paragraph long.
Examples should be written in a summary.
Vagueness is acceptable in a summary.

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II. Directions: Each paper has a corresponding number and an example of a specific
summarizing technique. Write the number of the paper on the box which is labeled
with the technique that fits the example written on the paper.

Live theater is much more entertaining than going to the mov- ies.
1 The
action seems more real than in a film. Live theater also
allows the audience the opportunity to interact with the actors.

Tuesday’s With Morrie by Mitch Albom tells a story

2 aboutamanwhomeetshisold
professor on Tuesdays for one final class on the
meaning of life.

The history of the English language began with the Anglo-Saxon tribes
3who wandered the forest of Northern Europe. As different invaders
reached England, the English language branched out by borrowing words and had
undergone major changes in its linguistic system. The
English language has continued to expand with billions of people speaking the
language all over the world.

TheDepartmentofEducationaimstocontinuously
4providequalityeducationtotheFilipinolearners.
However, becauseof the threat of the corona virus, the department struggles
to realize its goal. In order to achieve
its mission,DepEddevisesalearningschemethat answers the needs and
demands of
the learners in this time
of
pandemic.Thus,DepEdpromotesdifferentalternativelearning

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 Oskar Schindler, a German businessman, saved 1,100
5Jewsin Krakow, Poland, during the World War II. He grew
to care about his Jewish workers an, particularly those with whom he came
in contact on a daily basis. His connections
helped Schindler protect his Jewish workers from deportation and death in
Nazi concentration camps. He also had to give Nazi officials ever larger bribes
and gifts of luxury items obtainable only on the black market to keep his
workers safe.

Somebody First Then Finally

Wanted But
So Then

State, Assign,
Action,
Complete 5 W’s Outlining
and
(SAAC)
1H

Directions:Readthepassagesbelow and
complete the crossword puzzle below by identifying
the text structure used in each passage.

ACROSS

1. Bicycles are an excellent choice when it comes to transportation. Biking is healthy and
faster than walking, but it is also dangerous. Each year tens of thousands of people are
killed or injured while riding a bicycle. This is because our roads are designed for
motorists 1885 – Chain Driven Bicycle and not cyclists, but we can change the
landscape. Each time a road is built or rebuilt, we should put in bike lanes. Clearly
marked bicycle lanes will give cyclists a safer place to ride. Our cyclists deserve this
little bit of consideration. In fact, their very lives are depending on it.

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2. Have you ever wondered how mountain bikes can ride so smoothly on rough surfaces?
The reason for this is that mountain bikes have suspension systems. Suspension systems
keep the wheels in continuous contact with the ground. This improves control and
insulates the rider from changes in the surface.
Suspension systems also reduce vibrations and make the ride more
comfortable. Just don't get too comfortable and put your feet up because you still need
those for peddling.

3. How do you know which kind of bike is right for you and the riding you’ll do? Well,
that’s what this guide is for. Road bikes are lightweight, efficient bikes with drop handlebars
and narrow tires for recreational riding on pavement. Mountain bikes are rugged machines
with flat handlebars and wide, knobby tires for riding narrow dirt trails. Utility bikes are
bikes designed for utility , such as commuting or errands, including some that haul kids or
cargo.

DOWN

1. Congratulations on your purchase of the Flag Master 5000! You'll find this state of the
art system will allow you to display your bicycle flag higher than ever, and installation is a
snap. Just attach the Flag Master carrier unit to the rear axle of your bicycle frame with the
provided clamps. Once the carrier is secure, drop the base of your flag into the flag carrier
and you're ready to ride. Your heart will swell with pride as you navigate the streets of your
neighborhood waving the flag of your favorite sports team, nation, state, or maybe your flag
will just be a solid color. Enjoy your breathtaking rise to the heights of popularity with this
fashionable bicycle accessory.

2. Bicycles are a pretty old innovation when compared to something like a mobile
phone. Some say a Scottish blacksmith named Kirkpatrick MacMillan invented the first self-
propelled two-wheeled vehicle, or bicycle, in 1839. MacMillan's design connected the
pedals to the wheel with rods. J. K. Starley improved on this design in 1885 when he created
the first chain driven bicycle. Starley's work was so good that most bicycles today have
similar designs. Some important features have been added since then: cable brakes
were introduced in the 1890s, which gave bicycles greater stopping power, and derailleur
systems, which allowed the rider to change gears, were invented in 1905. Today's bicycles
have lightweight frames, precision manufactured parts, and are more affordable than ever,
yet surprisingly little has changed since Starley’s original design. I guess that it's hard to
improve upon perfection.

3.Buying a bicycle is exciting and rewarding, but choosing the right bicycle requires
some thought. One of the major considerations is whether to get a mountain bike, a racing
bike, or a BMX bike. All of these have the parts that you would expect from a bicycle: a
frame, pedals, two wheels, a chain-- but mountain bikes and racing bikes have
multiple gears while BMX bikes have only one gear. Multiple gears give the rider the
ability to increase or decrease the

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force required to push the pedals. This can be an advantage when you are travelling
over a variety of surfaces. Racing bikes and mountain bikes both have multiple gears, but
mountain bikes tend to have thicker, more rugged tires that allow the cyclist to travel off of
the path more smoothly. Racing bikes may go faster than mountain bikes on streets,
but they are pretty much limited to riding on paved roads. Like mountain bikes,
BMX bikes are built for off-roading. BMX bikes even have a popular off-road race culture
associated with them, but if you plan on riding great distances, you would probably find a
mountain bike to be more comfortable. When it's time to make that big purchase, you
should weigh these considerations.

4. A bicycle is a mechanism that has transported man for many decades. Nowadays,
bicycling is a great way to move from one place to another in short distances. Bicycles
should be used for short distances to protect the environment as well as your health. By
riding a bicycle, people can decrease gasoline consumption, improve the quality of their
lives, and protect the environment.

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 Directions: Summarize the paragraph belowin two to
three sentences.

“The Northern Lights”

There are times when the night sky glows with bands of color. The bands may
begin as cloud shapes and then spread into a great arc across the entire sky. They may
fall in folds like a curtain drawn across the heavens. The lights usually grow brighter,
then suddenly dim. During this time the sky glows with pale yellow, pink, green,
violet, blue, and red. These lights are called the Aurora Borealis. Some people call
them the Northern Lights. Scientists have been watching them for hundreds of years.
They are not quite sure what causes them. In ancient times people were afraid of
the Lights. They imagined that they saw fiery dragons in the sky. Some even
concluded that the heavens were on fire.

Long Beach City College WRSC

SUMMARY

Definition, Purpose, Rules and Techniques in

Summarizing Academic Texts

Buckley (2004), in her popular writing text Fit to Print, defines summarizing as reducing
text to one-third or one-quarter its original size, clearly articulating the author’s meaning, and
retaining main ideas. Diane Hacker (2008), in A Canadian Writer’s Reference, explains that
summarizing involves stating a work’s thesis and main ideas “simply, briefly, and accurately” (p.
62).

Summarizing is also essential skill that is needed in the workplace and in the community.
In some cases, writing a summary is an excellent learning strategy that allows students to
monitor their own progress in learning course material.

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Basic Rules:
A. Erase things that don’t matter. Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to
understanding.
B. Only write down important points. If it is not something that will help you understand
or remember, then don’t write it down. Think of it this way . . . If you had to pay money for
every word you write down, which words would you choose to include in your notes?
C. Erase things that repeat. Delete redundant material. In note taking, time and space are
precious. If a word or phrase says basically the same thing you have already written down,
then don’t write it again!
D. Trade, general terms for specific names. Substitute superordinate terms for lists (e.g.,
flowers for daisies, tulips for roses). Focus on the big picture. Long, technical lists are hard
to remember. If one word will give you the meaning, then less is more.
E. Use your own words to write the summary. Do not just copy the sentences
from the original text. However, do not inject your opinion in your summary.
Techniques:
1. Outlining. An outline is a map of your essay. It shows what information each
section or paragraph will contain and in what order.
I. Main Idea
A. Supporting Details
B. Supporting Details
II. Main Idea
A. Supporting Details
B. Supporting Details
2. Somebody Wanted But So Then. Each word represents a key question
related to a text’s essential elements:
Somebody—Who is the text about? Wanted—
What did the main character want? But—What
was the problem encountered?
So—How was the problem solved? Then—How
did it end?
3. SAAC Method. This method is particularly helpful in learning the format of a
summary. This includes the title and author’s name.
State— The name of the article, book, movie

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Assign—the name of the author
Action—what the author is doing (ex. Tells, explains)
Complete—complete the sentence or summary with keywords and important details.
4. 5W’s, 1 H. This technique relies on six crucial questions: Who, What, When, Where,
Why, How. These questions make it easy to identify the main character, important details and
main idea. Your summary may not necessarily follow this order as long as it contains all of
these information.
Who is the text about?
What did he/she do? When
did it happen? Why did
he/she do it?
How did he/she do what he/she did?
5. First Then Finally. This technique helps summarize events or steps in
chronological order or in sequence.
First– What happened first?
Then– What key details took place during the event/action? Finally–
What were the results of the event/action?

Directions: Read the following texts. Write a 3-5 sentence

summary of the following text using the assigned
technique.

HEALTHY EATING

It is important to enjoy the food you eat. And eating in a healthier way may even be cheaper! Some
traditional beliefs of what makes up a healthy diet may be really good, such as eating home-preserved
vegetables, but other traditional beliefs are disease-promoting, e.g. eating large quantities of fatty meat
daily. Recent evidence has shown that eating too much meat with animal fat is risky to our health. Only
very small amounts of lean meat are needed – and not every day. In fact, the less meat and animal fat we
eat the better!

Eating too much animal fat is a main cause of ill health. Our bodies need very little but most of us
eat too much. You may have heard of SATURATED FATS. These are found mainly in the meat of cows,
pigs and sheep and in

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 products which include their meat and fat, such as sausages, meat pies and beef burgers. Eating too
much saturated fat can lead to coronary heart disease and being overweight. UNSATURATED FATS,
however, are found in oily fish, chicken, eggs, turkey, duck, beans and lentils and foods made from
these. Unsaturated fat may be better for you, but eating TOO MUCH FAT of any type can increase your
weight. It is better to buy a small amount of lean meat rather than fatty meat or solid fat. It is even
better to EAT MORE FISH of all kinds.

And don’t forget to increase your IRON intake by eating liver. Traditional meals using peas,
beans and lentils provide good nourishment. Remember to cut down on any animal fat used in cooking,
e.g. in soups do not add fat and do not fry food for. Where FAT is involved, LESS IS BEST.

Write the summary using the outlining technique:

The Hacksaw Ridge Movie

In Lynchburg, Desmond Doss and his brother Hal are raised by a dysfunctional family
since their father Tom Doss is an alcoholic war veteran of World War I that beats their mother
Bertha. After a naughty fight with his brother Hal turns awry, Desmond Doss reads the Bible
and vows not to harm another human in his life thereafter. Desmond then saves the life of a
worker, experiencing a wholesome satisfaction in the process. In the hospital, he is smitten by
a nurse, Dorothy Schutte, whom he then dates. After the United States enters the Second
World War, both sons enlist, adding to the ire of the father who despises his sons joining the
Army. The rigorous regimen of training in the Army requires Desmond to clear his firearms
training, but after a huge tiff with his seniors, his father, an old corporal, intervenes to save
Desmond from being court-martialed and serve with the Army as a medic. Then, got posted to
Hacksaw Ridge, Okinawa. Desmond saved 75 men during the battle without firing a single shot.
As an army medic with a strong desire to save lives, Desmond single-handedly evacuated
wounded near enemy lines despite his own wounds. He was awarded with the Congressional
Medal of Honor.

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Write the summary using the 5 W’s, 1 H technique:

Coronavirus in the Philippines: The COVID-19 risk, impact and measures

By Praveen Duddu (an excerpt)

Preventive measures by the Philippine government

The Philippine government is taking several steps to control the spread of the virus,
including travel restrictions, closure of schools and colleges, as well as training schools of the
Philippine National Police.

Educational institutes in the country are announced to be closed from March 9 to March
15, whereas in Metro Manila the classes will be suspended until April 12.

Stringent social distancing measures will be in place in the National Capital Region
(NCR) for 30 days from March 15.

The government announced earlier on February 2, 2020 that all persons except Filipino
citizens and permanent resident visa holders were temporarily barred from entering the country.

A temporary ban on Filipinos from traveling to China or its special administrative region
was also imposed. A mandatory 14-day quarantine for Filipinos returning to from China or its
special administrative region was announced.

Write the summary using the SAAC technique:

10

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 HOW TO CHANGE ENGINE OIL

Changing the engine oil at a regular interval is very essential to achieve quality engine
performance. In so doing, the following tools and materials should be prepared: drive-on
ramps, jack and jack stands, socket wrench or box end wrench to fit drain plug, droplight or
flashlight, pour spout, drain pan, rags, fender covers, fresh motor oil, work gloves, and safety
goggles.

With these tools and materials ready on hand, the process could be started. First, raise
the front of the car and support it with jack stands (unless working clearance under the car is
adequate). Place a basin beneath the drain plug. Loosen oil drain into the basin.

Clean the drain plug and washer with rags (some plugs are magnetized to trap metal
particles). Next, replace the plug and washer as soon as old oil had drained. Start plug by hand
and tighten it as far as possible. When the plug is seated, tighten it another half-turn with a
wrench. Finally, find oil filter. Add amount of oil given in the owner’s manual, 1qt. Less filter
is not changed. Start engine and check for leaks at the drain plug. Lower the car, check oil
level, and adjust if necessary.

The completion of this process with the other pars in excellent working condition
ensures a satisfying journey.

Write the summary using the First, Then, Finally technique:

In April of 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh, under the authority of Queen Elizabeth of England,
sent an expedition of seven ships carrying 600 men, half of them soldiers, to found an English
colony in North America. The colony was to be used to establish an English presence in the
New World as well as a base from which English privateers, or pirates, could attack and
plunder Spanish treasure fleets. Raleigh’s cousin, Sir Richard Grenville, led the expedition.

In July of that year the bulk of the fleet reached a small island off the coast of Virginia
that was called Roanoke. After building a small fort on the north side of the island, the
colonists initiated relations with a Native American

11

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tribe that lived on the island, the Aquascogoc. These natives showed little interest in building
relations with the English colonists, and they soon parted company. After this encounter,
however, the English noticed that one of their silver cups had gone missing, and they attributed
its disappearance to the Aquascogoc. Grenville, the English captain, was furious. He believed
that the Aquascogoc had stolen the silver cup. Whether or not this was true, angry exchanges
followed and soon the English burned the Aquascogoc village. The English held their fort
against the subsequent attacks of the natives.

Despite their success in battle, the colonists had a miserable time because they were
mainly soldiers and adventurers, not farmers. They were hungry. They missed the comforts of
England, such as soft feather beds and dainty foods. Also they had expected to find gold and
silver on the island, and were disappointed when they found none. Grenville soon tired of these
conditions and set out on his ship to plunder Spanish treasure fleets and return to England. The
colony was gradually abandoned.

In 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh dispatched a further expedition of three ships and 150
colonists, led by John White, to Roanoke. This time the expedition included women and
children, including White’s pregnant daughter, Elenora. Shortly after they reached Roanoke,
Elenora delivered a child whom they named Virginia. Virginia was the first English person born
in America. But the English soon ran into more trouble with the Native Americans. A colonist
named George Howe was killed by natives while searching for crabs alone on the beach. The
colonists were scared. They persuaded White to sail back to England to ask Sir Walter Raleigh
for help. White left behind 114 colonists, including his daughter Elenora and granddaughter
Virginia.

Unfortunately for White and the colonists, England was preparing for a naval war with
Spain. All shipping from English ports was ceased. It took White three years to get his
relief expedition back to Roanoke. When he returned in August of 1590, White found no sign
of his daughter, granddaughter, or anyone else. They found three letters, “CRO,” carved on a
tree and the full word, “CROATOAN,” on a nearby post. Possibly this referred to the Croatoan
Island, which was nearby. White searched long and anxiously, but failed to find them.

Write the summary using the Somebody Wanted But So Then technique:

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 What for you is the importance of
learning to summarize academic
texts?

Directions: Summarize your personal

experience during the quarantine period in this time
of pandemic into a one-paragraph only. You may use
the technique that you think best fits the
nature of your summary.

I. Directions: Read the text below. Using your chosen

technique/s, write a 5-8 sentence summary of the
given text.

If you are reading this right now, you are taking part in the wonder of literacy. Because
of printed words, people can send information across both time and space. Ideas are put in
writing and sent to readers across thousands of miles and years. Because of writing, the words
of distant people can influence events, offer knowledge, and change the world. Much of the
credit for the development of this phenomenon can be attributed to one man.

Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, better known as

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Johannes Gutenberg, was born in the German city of Mainz. Though most of Gutenberg’s early
life is a mystery, historians believe that he studied at the University of Erfurt in 1418 and spent
much of his young adult life practicing the profession of his father: goldsmithing. Gutenberg
borrowed money from investors in 1439 and found himself in financial trouble.

In the year 1439 the city in which Gutenberg lived was planning to exhibit its large
collection from Emperor Charlemagne (a famous ruler who had united much of Western Europe
around 800 AD). The exhibit was expected to bring many visitors to the town, so Gutenberg
took investments and create polished metal mirrors which were to be sold to the visitors (it was a
common belief at that time that mirrors were able to capture holy light from religious relics).

The mirrors which Gutenberg produced probably would have sold well, but due to severe
flooding the event was delayed by one year. The impatient investors demanded that Gutenberg
return their investments, but he had already spent the money on producing the unsaleable
mirrors. He was trapped in a difficult situation. Gutenberg decided to share his greatest secret
with them.

This secret would forever change the world, all of history, and even the process of keeping
history. It’s been argued that Gutenberg’s idea was one of the greatest of all mankind. This one
idea would lead to the spread of countless others. It would play a key role in the
development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the Scientific
Revolution. This idea would bring learning to the masses. Gutenberg had created the mechanical
printing press with movable type.

Before the spread of Gutenberg’s idea, literature was handwritten. That means that each
copy of the bible and all of its 73 books were tediously hand scribed, and this was done before
the invention of the ballpoint pen. Given the amount of detail that went into each text, creating a
single copy of a bible could take years. Because of the effort that went into producing them,
books were extremely rare and valuable. Because of the value of books, there was little
reason for common people to learn to read or write since it was unlikely that they would ever
handle a book in their lifetimes. Gutenberg’s invention would change that. His printing press
allowed literature to be produced on a mass scale. His movable metal type could be arranged
once to form a page, and he could print the page again and again

The first major text that Gutenberg produced was a 42 line copy of the bible. Scholars
estimate that Gutenberg produced between 165 and 185 of these bibles, which sold out almost
immediately. Most copies went to churches and universities, though one was sold to a private
individual. Copies are known to have sold for 30 florins (about three years of wages for a clerk
at the time), which may seem expensive but was much cheaper than a hand produced copy.

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Purchasing a Gutenberg Bible in the 1450s would have been a good investment if you and your
descendants were able to maintain it. Only twenty one complete Gutenberg Bibles exist today and
the last one traded hands in 1987 for 4.9 million dollars, the highest price ever paid for a book at
the time.

Gutenberg’s brilliant idea would soon change the world, but in the short term he bungled a
large and risky investment. He found himself in financial trouble once again and was sued
by one of his investors, who accused Gutenberg of mismanaging money meant for the production
of books. The courts ruled against Gutenberg and he lost the shop that he had created. He was
effectively bankrupt.

Though he had failed as a businessman, the technologies that he had created spread rapidly.
As these printing technologies spread, news and books began to travel much faster than previously
possible. The world has not been the same since. Though Gutenberg was financially unsuccessful
in his own lifetime, he made the world a much richer place.

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