Name: ________________________________________________________

Grade Level: __________________________________ Quarter: 1 Week #: 1

"SPECIAL PRODUCTS"

GOALS
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

a. illustrate relationship between factors and products

b. determine the special product of :
b.1 square of binomial
b.2 square of trinomial
b.3 sum and difference of two terms
b.4 cube of a binomial
c. Discover patterns and formulas in the process of
multiplying polynomials

Factors and products are closely related such that when two or more numbers or
polynomials are multiplied to obtain a product, then these numbers or polynomials are
called factors.

Example 1
10  3  30 , 30 is the product of 10 and 3.
10 and 3 are the factors of 30.

Similarly:
a. m  m  m  m 3 , m 3 is the product.
m, m, and m are the factors.

b. (2a)(3ab) = 6a 2b

Factors Product

c. 4 x( x  3)  4 x 2  12 x

Factors Product

Multiplication of polynomials can be done easily and quickly if you can apply some
patterns and formulas. These patterns are sometimes called the " short-cut" method of
multiplying polynomials, and the product obtained is called special product.

Source: Math Builders 8, Jo-es Publishing House ,Inc. 1

SQUARE OF A BINOMIAL

To square a binomial is to multiply a binomial by itself.

Example 1: By Horizontal Method

(x  3) 2  _______________
x  32  ( x  3)( x  3)
Solution 1:
( x  3)( x  3) = x( x  3)  3( x  3) distributive property
 x 2  3x  3x  9 combining like terms
 x2  6x  9 product

Solution 2:
(x  3) 2   x  3( x  3)
 x 2  3x  3x  9

x 2 - the product of first terms ( x  x)

9 - the product of second terms ( (3  3)
6x - the sum of the product of the outer term 3x and the product of the inner term 3x

Example 2 :
( x  5) 2  ( x  5)( x  5)

Solution:
 x( x  5)  5( x  5) by distributive property
 x 2  5 x  5 x  25 by combining like terms
 x 2  10 x  25 product

What have you noticed between the first and second examples?

( x  3) 2 and ( x  5) 2

If you square a binomial, the product is a trinomial. relate each term of the product
to each term of the binomial

( x  3) 2 = ______ ( x  5) 2 = ______
x2 = x x x2  x  x
6x = 2(x)(3) -10x = 2 (x) (-5)
9 = (3)(3) 25 = -5 (-5)
( x  3) 2 =  x2  6x  9 ( x  5) 2  x 2  10 x  25

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The square of binomial is equal to:

 two square of the first term, plus

 two times the product of first and second terms, plus
 the square of the second term.

In symbols: If x is the first term, and y is the second term

( x  y ) 2  x 2  2 xy  y 2
( x  y ) 2  x 2  2 xy  y 2

Square of a binomial = Perfect square trinomial

Since all expressions raised to the second power are perfect squares, the product of the
square of a binomial is also a perfect square trinomial.

ACTIVITY 1

Multiply. Write each term of the product in the box.

Example: (a  9) 2  a 2  18a  81

Square of a First Term Middle Term Third Term

Binomial
1. (a  9) 2 a2  18a 81
2
2. (3 x  1)
3. ( x  2 y ) 2
4. (9  y ) 2
5. (3a  4b) 2

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ACTIVITY 2

Trivia

Match column A with column B. Place the letter of your answer in the box that
corresponds to the number representing the answer to the trivia.

The big poet debate at the Olympic Stadium in Manila on October 13, 1925 won for him
the title " Hari ng Baligtasan", which until his death in 1930 was unprecedented in
literary history. Who is he?

5 8 3 1 7 8 10 2 4 8 9 6 1 5 1 3 11 3

A B
1. (2 x  3) 2 C. 36 x 2  24 xy  4 y 2

2. ( x  2 y ) 2 D. 49  14 y  y 2

3. ( x  5 y ) 2 Z. x 2  16 x  64

4. ( x  8) 2 E. 4 x 2  12 x  9

5. (3 x  y ) 2 J. 9 x 2  6 xy  y 2

6. (7  y ) 2 N. 9 x 2  42 xy  49 y 2

7. (6 x  2 y ) 2 O. y 2  20 xy  100 x 2

8. ( y  10 x) 2 A. x 2  4 xy  4 y 2

9. (3 x  7 y ) 2 R. x 2  4 xy  4 y 2

10. ( x  2 y ) 2 U. 36 x 2  24 xy  4 y 2

11. ( x  7 y ) 2 S. x 2  10 xy  25 y 2

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SQUARE OF TRINOMIAL

Just like the previous lesson, finding the square of a trinomial is the same way as
multiplying a trinomial by itself.

For example, ( x  2 y  5) 2  ( x  2 y  5)( x  2 y  5) .

In multiplying polynomials, always remember the important role of distributive
property of multiplication.

Example 1
What is the product of (a  b  c) 2 ?
Solution: (a  b  c) 2 = ______________

= (a  b  c)(a  b  c)
= a (a  b  c)  b(a  b  c)  c(a  b  c) by distributive property
= a 2  ab  ac  ab  b 2  bc  ac  bc  c 2
= a 2  b 2  c 2  2ab  2ac  2bc combine liked terms

Therefore, (a  b  c) 2 = a 2  b 2  c 2  2ab  2ac  2bc

Example 2
Give the product (2 x  3 y  5) 2

Solution:
(2 x  3 y  5) 2  (2 x  3 y  5)(2 x  3 y  5)
= 2 x(2 x  3 y  5)  3 y (2 x  3 y  5)  5(2 x  3 y  5)
 4 x 2  6 xy  10 x  6 xy  9 y 2  15 y  10 x  15 y  25
 4 x 2  6 xy  10 x  6 xy  9 y 2  15 y  10 x  15 y  25
 4 x 2  9 y 2  25  12 xy  20 x  30 y

Therefore, (2 x  3 y  5) 2 =  4 x 2  9 y 2  25  12 xy  20 x  30 y

Relating the terms in the product and terms in the trinomial :

(2 x) 2  4 x 2 2(2 x)(3 y )  12 xy

(3 y ) 2  9 y 2 2(2 x)(5)  20 x

(5) 2  25 2(3 y )(5)  30 y

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What pattern can you formulate from Example 1 and Example 2?

The product of the square of a trinomial is composed of 6 terms.

To square a trinomial:

> square the first term, plus

>square the second term, plus
>square the third term, plus
> twice the product of the first and second terms, plus
>twice the product of the first and third terms, plus
> twice the product of the second and third terms.

In symbols: If x is the first term,

y is the second term, and
z is the third term,

then, ( x  y  z ) 2  x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xy  2 xz  2 yz

ACTIVITY 3
Give the product of a square of a trinomial. Write each term of the product in the box.

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

Term Term Term Term Term Term
1. (2a  3b  3c) 2
2. (m  2n  p ) 2
3. (3 x  4 y  2 z ) 2
4. ( x 2  2 x  3) 2
5. (5r  s  6) 2

ACTIVITY 4
Give the product of the following. Show your solution.

1. ( x  y  7) 2 2. (a 2  c 2  b 2 ) 2

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SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO TERMS
The next lesson is about the product of two binomials which are sum and difference
of two terms.

Example 1
Find the product of (20 +5) and (20-5).

Solution:
(20 + 5 ) ( 20 - 5) = _________________
(20 + 5 ) (20 - 5 ) = 400 - 100 + 100 +25
= 400 - 25
= 375

What if you perform the operations inside the parentheses first before multiplying, that is
25(15), what would be the product ? Which solution is easier and quicker ?

Example 2
Find the product of (3x +2 ) and (3x-2 ).

Solution:
(3x+2) (3x-2) = ______________
(3x)(3x) = 9x 2
(3x)(-2)= -6x
(2)(3x) = 6x
(2)(-2) = -4

Therefore, (3x+2)(3x-2) = 9 x 2  4

Product of the square of the

sum and difference = first and the last terms
of the binomial of the binomial

To get the product of two binomials which are sum and difference of two terms-
> square the first term, plus
> square of the second term

In symbols:
If x and y are two terms of the binomials, then (x+ y ) (x- y ) = x 2  y 2

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ACTIVITY 5
Give the product of the following:

1. (x +1)(x - 1 )

2. (5x +3y ) (5x - 3y)

3. (3a - 2b ) (3a + 2b)

4. (2 + 3k ) (2 - 3k )

5. (m + 1) (m - 1)

CUBE OF BINOMIAL

The cube of a binomial ( x + y ) is written as ( x  y ) 3 which means

(x + y ) (x + y ) (x + y ).

Example 1
( x  y ) 3 = ( x  y )( x  y )( x  y )
= (x + y ) ( x  y ) 2
= (x + y ) ( x 2  2 xy  y 2 ) squaring a binomial
= x ( x  2 xy  y ) + y ( x  2 xy  y )
2 2 2 2
by distributive property
= x  2 x y  xy  x y  2 xy  y
3 2 2 2 2 3

= x 3  3 x 2 y  3 xy 2  y 3 ) combining similar terms

Therefore, ( x  y ) = x  3 x y  3 xy  y .
3 3 2 2 3

The product is composed of 4 terms.

Example 2
What about ( x  y ) 3 ?

( x  y ) 3 = ( x  y )( x  y ) 2
= ( x  y )( x 2  2 xy  y 2 ) squaring a binomial
= x( x 2  2 xy  y 2 )  y ( x 2  2 xy  y 2 ) by distributive property
= x 3  2 x 2 y  xy 2  x 2 y  2 xy 2  y 3
= x 3  3 x 2 y  3 xy 2  y 3 ) combining similar terms

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Therefore, ( x  y ) 3 = x 3  3 x 2 y  3 xy 2  y 3 .

To cube a binomial:
> cube the first term, plus
> three times the square of the first term and the second term, plus
>three times the first term and square of the second term, plus
>cube the second term.

In symbols:
> If x and y are first and second terms of the binomial respectively.
Then, ( x  y ) 3 = x 3  3 x 2 y  3 xy 2  y 3
( x  y ) 3 = x 3  3 x 2 y  3 xy 2  y 3

ACTIVITY 6

Solve for the product. Write the terms of the product in the box.

Cube of a First Second Third Fourth Final Product

Binomial Term Term Term Term
1. (2 x  y ) 3
2. (3a  b) 3
3. ( x  y ) 3
4. (5 x  2 y ) 3
5. (5 x  3) 3

ACTIVITY 7
Determine the product of the following: Show your solution.

1. (m  1) 3

2. (m  2n) 3

3. ( x  z ) 3

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