M1: KEY TERMS

3iS MEANS:
Inquiry - It is a question which you ask to get some information. It is the process of
asking about or investigating something to find out more about it.

Investigation - It is a proper inquiry or efficient study.

Immersion - It is the process of learning a skill by using nothing else but that skill. It is
the act of becoming completely involved in something.

Research Study - Research is like exploring things to come up with the best idea/s to
respond to the needs of society.

Concept - It is a conceptual representation abstract objects, or abilities that make up

the fundamental building blocks of thoughts and beliefs

M2: Preparing for Res.

• Focus. An ill-structured problem demands consideration of diverse
perspectives.
• Decide on a topic. Think-aloud, asks probing questions, monitors and
encourages participants to decide a topic.
• Understanding the problem. This will include clarifications of
misconceptions and possibilities.
• Design on the problem. This is the final stage done to address problems
within manageable scales and extend their learning pathways.
Identifying Research Parts (somehow on the start of the paper xia makikita)

Background of the study - provide context on what is being studies (e.g history)
Conceptual Framework - visual model for connecting key ideas (relationships)
Research Hypothesis - the statement to test
Statement of the Problem - provides the description and purpose of study
Significance of the Study - states why research is important
Scope and Limitations - describe boundaries ; include which details are included and
not
Definition of Terms - shows terminology to describe what unfamiliar terms in the study
means.

M3: RLLS
• Primary source - publications or writings wherein a researcher reports the
results of his studies. Example: Monthly, quarterly or annual journals.
• Secondary source - publications or writings wherein a certain author describes
the work of another author. Example: Textbooks, encyclopedias, yearbooks as
much as possible, use the primary sources to avoid tampering and
miscommunications on the data.

For citation, you must follow 3 guidelines

a) by author or writer, b) by topic and c) chronological means of citation.

1) By author or writer
a) In this method of citation, all your data and information, facts, ideas or
principles from your sources are discussed or explained separately.
Ex.
Cruz (2002) states that research is ...
Dela Torre (2005) described the research as ...
2) By topic
a) This method of citation is used when several authors or sources give the same
information about a certain topic. The citation of the information will be
granted to all of the authors.
Ex.
Accordingly, research is ... (Rio, 2000; Luna & Magsaysay, 2005)

3) Chronological
a) Citing sources using the chronological method involves sequencing the
information based on the year it was published.
Ex.
Yu (2005) states that ...
And (2007) discussed about...
Chu (2010) deliberated regarding ...

M4: RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Design - describes whether your study is qualitative or quantitative.

Qualitative Research - makes use of first person/textual/discursive in nature.

Ethnography - you immerse yourself in the target participants’ environment
to understand the goals, cultures, challenges, motivations, and themes that
emerge.
Narrative - weaves together a sequence of events, usually from just one or
two individuals to form a cohesive story.
Phenomenological - is an appropriate qualitative method when you want to
describe an event, activity, or phenomenon.
Case Study - a way of explaining an organization, entity, company, or event
which involves a deep understanding through multiple types of data sources.
Quantitative Research - makes use of third person - past tense/researcher is not the
one who determines the variables, but it is the subject itself.
Survey Research - uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to get
a sense of behavior with intense precision.
Correlational Research - tests for the relationships between two variables.
Causal-comparative - research looks to uncover a cause-and-effect
relationship. This research is not conducted between the two groups on each
other.
Experimental Research - is guided specifically by a hypothesis.

SAMPLING:
a. Random Sampling is a technique that uses randomization to make sure
that every element of the population gets an equal chance to be part of the selected
sample.
b. Stratified Sampling is a technique that divides the elements of the
population into small subgroups (strata) based on the similarity in such a way that
the elements within the group are homogeneous and heterogeneous among the other
subgroups formed.
c. Convenience Sampling where the samples are selected based on availability.
d. Purposive Sampling is based on the intention or the purpose of the study.
e. Quota Sampling, this type of sampling depends on some pre-set standard.
It selects the representative sample from the population.
f. Referral/Snowball Sampling is used in situations where the population is
completely unknown and rare.

M5: FINDING ANSWER TO RES QUESTIONS

• Research data- is any information that has been collected, observed, generated,
or created to validate a research study.
• Data analysis- a process that involves examining, and molding collected data for
interpretation to discover relevant information, draw or propose conclusions, and
support decision-making to solve a research problem.
• Data Interpretation- is the process of making sense of numerical data that has
been collected, analyzed, and presented.
• A Conceptual framework is an analytical tool that is used to get a comprehensive
understanding of a phenomenon. It can be in different fields of work and is most
commonly used to visually explain the key concepts or variables and the
relationships between them that need to be studied.

FOR REVIEW TEST:

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS?
-Descriptive is more on characteristics of data, KEYWORD IS DESCRIBE,
inferential is more on making predictions and testing things on the population,
KEYWORD INFERENCE.

The A to E part:

A. Purpose Statement - statement that outlines the purpose of the research

study. (main goals, objectives, or research questions)
B. General Idea/Information - overall topic or subject area of the research
study. (background)
C. Overview of Research Problem - specific research problem that the
study aims to address. (why is the study important?
D. Research Gap - Limitations of the study
E. Narrative Hook - on the beginning of research to attract attention of people (make
the curious)