Drystar ds3000 Configuracion

DD+DIS103.
02E Theory of operation
Section 5
Table of contents
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1
2 FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCE .............................................................................................. 4
2.1 Sequence of functions after switching on: SW component startup ................................................4
2.2 Sequence of functions during operation ............................................................................................5
2.2.1 Overall block diagram ......................................................................................................................5
2.2.2 Image Data Flow..............................................................................................................................6
2.3 Sequence of functions during the print cycle.....................................................................................7
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINT PROCESS ..................................................................... 8
3.1 The principle of thermographic printing .............................................................................................8
3.1.1 General principles of image formation in the printer ........................................................................8
3.2 Thermal head .........................................................................................................................................8
3.2.1 Necessity of the TH-position adjustment .........................................................................................9
3.2.2 Necessity of the TH-pressure adjustment......................................................................................10
3.3 Compensation ......................................................................................................................................11
3.4 Monomed films ....................................................................................................................................12
4 COMPONENTS............................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Thermal Head Assembly .....................................................................................................................13
4.2 Film Loading Assembly.......................................................................................................................14
4.3 Description of the friction clutches ...................................................................................................15
4.4 Horizontal Film Alignment ..................................................................................................................16
4.5 Main Drive.............................................................................................................................................17
4.6 Macrodensitometer (MDM)) ................................................................................................................19
4.6.1 Film to film Dmax calibration..........................................................................................................20
4.6.2 Film type detection.........................................................................................................................20
4.6.3 Film calibrations at software version 1.7X and 1.9X......................................................................21
4.7 Decurl Unit............................................................................................................................................22
5 HARDWARE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 23
5.1 Overall Hardware Model......................................................................................................................23
5.2 VME Bus ...............................................................................................................................................24
5.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................24
5.2.2 VME BUS Overview.......................................................................................................................24
5.3 ROCAN bus ..........................................................................................................................................26
5.3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................26
5.3.2 Boards............................................................................................................................................26
5.4 Harddisk / Print queue.........................................................................................................................28
5.4.1 Organization of the harddisk ..........................................................................................................28
5.4.2 Organization of the print queue......................................................................................................28
6 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE....................................................................................... 29
7 FILE STRUCTURE / AOS SHELL .................................................................................. 30
8 APPLICATION ................................................................................................................ 32
8.1 Overview of all steps of image processing.......................................................................................32
Revision 32 Type 5361 Chapter 5 / I

Theory of operation DD+DIS103.02E
8.2 Taste look up table. Combination with Sensolut..............................................................................32

8.3 Window level ........................................................................................................................................33
8.4 INTERPOLATION..................................................................................................................................34
8.5 Printing Areas.......................................................................................................................................36
9 NETWORKING: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 37
9.1 APIP .......................................................................................................................................................39
9.2 DICOM ...................................................................................................................................................39
9.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................39
9.2.2 DICOM in Combination with APIP..................................................................................................40
9.3 Postscript..............................................................................................................................................42
Chapter 5 / II Type 5361 Revision 32

DD+DIS221.98E Theory of operation
1 INTRODUCTION
The printer is used to produce films (hard copies) for medical diagnostics. The printer is a dry,
black&white thermo hard-copy system for monomed films. Blue, clear and opaque films can be
handled. Possible film formats are 14 x 17“, 14 x 14“ and 14 x 11“
The printer consists of two functional blocks: A
controller and a print engine.
The controller captures the incoming analog or
digital data via an input interface and stores them
onto a hard disk, composes the different images
and generates the appropriate print engine
control signals.
The print engine receives the image data from
the controller, drives the film through the device
and makes black/white prints.
Drystar 3000: It can be divided in Controller (VME Compartment) and Print Engine
• The printer can be

equipped with an analog
video input (VSI) or a
digital image input (MFRI).
• It can be host controlled
for printing. It is able to
understand the host
control programs AMDI
(AGFA), USP (Siemens),
MMM (3M) and TCT
(Toshiba.
• In addition, the printer can
be integrated in a
network. Possible
network protocols can be
APIP (AGFA) or DICOM.
Sending images via
network in postscript
description is possible too.
A lot of other image
formats, like sunraster or
TIF via E-mail are also
supported.
System Overview Drystar 3000. Example for a network connection.
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 1

Table with possible inputs and corresponding image interfaces

Signal Interface Max. number
Analog video VSI 3 x B&W or Color*
Digital according to 3M specs MFRI 3*
Ethernet SW interfaces: APIP, Theoretically number of inputs without
DICOM, FTP, PAP limit**
and LP
*The maximum number of local inputs is limited to 3, analog or digital.
**In case of DICOM inputs, where to every input a certain configuration has to be assigned, the
maximum number of inputs is limited to 4.
Decurl Unit • An internal keypad is provided

for command entry, to set up
Top Cover the printer, and to display user
Filmrun
and error messages. Up to
three external keypads, one
Drum Thermal Head
per local input, can be
connected.
Film Loading Assembly • The system is based on an
automatic sheet handling
VME Compartment
system. Films can be loaded
in full daylight.
• The film path through the
printer is shown in the sketch
53615003.cdr beneath.
Filmrun of the printer
Section 5 / 2 Type 5361 09.01.00

Technical data of the printer Drystar 3000 in comparison with other AGFA printers:
Drystar 3000 Drystar 2000 LR5200

Weight 125 kg 70 kg 475 kg
Power 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz; 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz; 1120 300 W to 3 kW,
Requirements 920 W W depending on S or P
Version
Throughput: 50/h to 70/h (14x17“)
Density: <0,25 (0,17)......>3.0 <0,25 (0,17).......>3.0 O.D. <0,1......>3,4 O.D.
O.D.
Printing principle: Direct thermal Direct Thermal / Dye Photochemical via red
diffusion laser beam
Calibration: Automatic - manual or semi automatic
Resolution: 320 dpi 300 dpi 320 to 600 dpi
Grey levels 256 out of 4096 256 out of 4096 256 or 4096 out of 65535
Warm-up time: 5 minutes 5 minutes 1 up to approx. 20 min.
with processor
Lifetime of > 30000 films > 30000 print passes Laser tube > 20.000 h
printhead:
Film Shelf life: 18 months 18 months 24 months
Archivability 30 years 30 years 30 years
Nr. of Inputs 3+x (APIP/DICOM/PS) 1+x (APIP/DICOM/PS) 3+x (APIP/DICOM/PS)
Access time in min. approx. 1 approx. 3 (color) to 1 (b&w) approx. 1
Film formats 14x17, 14x14, 14x11 8x10 8x10, 11x14, 14x14,
14x17
Max. number of 4256 x 5174 (14x17") 2730 x 2048 (8x10") 8512 x 10348 (10x17"
image pixels on a → 22,02 MB → 5,59 MB x 3 colors = high res)
film and → 88, 08MB
corresponding 16,77 MB
image information
Number of film 1 (other formats have 1 1 or 2
formats used to be installed; 30 min.
simultaneously required)
Applications All medical US, NM All medical applications.
applications High quality images
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 3

2 Functional sequence
2.1 Sequence of functions after switching on: SW component startup
Description:
The monitor EPROM, located on the GEMINI CPU starts up the
MONITOR shell.
It looks on the harddisk for the operating system (BSP.PRG).
The program BSP.PRG executes the AUTOEXEC.BAT script,
which spawns the SYS (SYStem) program.
This is the base for all the drivers that are necessary for image
processing and film transport.
When all the drivers are loaded, the bootup is finished.
This whole bootup takes about 3 minutes.
Bootup Sequence
Section 5 / 4 Type 5361 09.01.00

2.2 Sequence of functions during operation
2.2.1 Overall block diagram
Functions of the controller: Functions of the Print engine

• capturing of images a) an image should be rendered independent of
• buffering in image queue • time, history
• image is processed as define by the user • place on the film
• neighbour pixels...
b) TH compensations
• control of engine mechanics
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 5

2.2.2 Image Data Flow
Acquisition Buffering Composition and Communication
add convert to
image
acquisition data set internal
input
parameters format
queue's on HD (F)
add defaults image
queue dest.1 image to
for image image composition
print
undefined processing composition map on HD
queue dest. 2 engine
parameters (E)
53615039.cdr
add convert to
image
acquisition data set internal
input convert to convert to
parameters format
internal external
format format
image from & to

netwerk
Acquisition
• ACQ (ACQuisition), acquires images, from one of the inputs
• converts to internal format (=APIP), using MNU data set parameters like image and film
parameters, ACOM (Accumulation Common Object Module API for image conversion to the
internal format)
Buffering
BMD:
• controls input queues and disk quota for ‘users’,
• images are stored in a folder (film based or study based) and queued (FIFO) on the hard-disk
partition F
• one queue for every destination (local printer, network printer)
• recovery of unfinished folders at startup
• each image is put in a 1/0 layout or is deleted (configurable)
Composition & Communication
a) DSP (DiSPatcher),
• reads out and decodes the control and images information from the queue
• adds defaults (dbmin, dbmax, layout, background...) for undefined fields
• organizes the image processing
b) NIP for image processing
c) ‘Image Composition on Disk’ manager uses ICI, to compose the film-layout and stores it in the
ICM (Image composition map) on disk partition E
d) By CPD images are sent to COS
Section 5 / 6 Type 5361 09.01.00

2.3 Sequence of functions during the print cycle
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 7

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINT PROCESS
3.1 The principle of thermographic printing

• The film is pressed to the print drum
by the TH
• The drum is rotated causing the film to
move along the TH
• Pixel values of the image are converted
into heating pulses in the thermal
elements of the TH
• The heating pulses are causing the
gray pixels rendering on the thermal
sensitive sheet
• The higher the temperature and the
longer the time an elementary part
(area) of the sheet is heated, the
higher will be the resulting optical
density of that part
3.1.1 General principles of image formation in the printer

• The image formation in the print engine is based on the completely dry direct thermal technology.
Thermal because the image information is transferred to the TM-film by means of heat and direct
because the heat producing component - the thermal head(TH) is in direct contact with the TM-
film.
• The heat is generated in the heating elements of the thermal printhead. These heating elements
are arranged in a 14" wide one dimensional area with a spatial frequency of 320 elements per
inch. The elements can be activated individually.
• During printing, the heating elements are activated pixel by pixel and the thermal printhead is
brought into contact with the transported TM-film.
3.2 Thermal head

The thermal print head is manufactured using a
"thin film" technology and consists of the following
components:
• array of 4352 individual resistor elements on
one line, 14 inch, 320 elements per inch
• placed on a glaze bulb
• ceramic substrate supports the glaze bulb
• rigid base plate adds extra mechanical
strength
• electronic circuits for controlling the heating
of each individual resistor
• TH is mounted on a heat-sink for dissipating
heat to the environment, so that the excess of
heat does not distort the printed image
Section 5 / 8 Type 5361 09.01.00

3.2.1 Necessity of the TH-position adjustment

The TH position influences the image
quality. Image artifacts like "woodiness",
transport and friction shocks and artifacts
caused by very small (< 10 µ!)
irregularities in the drum surface can be
noticed. The drawing beneath shows two
different TH positions:
Attention: TH position is determined by two pins and adjusted already in production.

The position adjustment from pin position to pin position is 0,2 mm (see drawing below)
TH position adjustment
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 9

3.2.2 Necessity of the TH-pressure adjustment
• In the Drystar3000 printer, the image information is transferred to the film by means of heat which
is generated in the heating elements of the thermal printhead. Therefore, in order to guarantee a
reliable information transfer, a good thermal contact between the TH and the film is required.
• Since the heaterline of a TH is not perfectly flat (see figure below), a good thermal contact along
the thermal head is only possible if the TH is pressed hard enough against the film and the drum.
• During production, the “TH-pressure” is adjusted to 300 g/cm (≈ 2.5 g/element). It cannot be
adjusted in the field.
• If on the other hand the pressure between the TH and the film becomes too high, the TH’s
passivation layer can be damaged by mechanical wear or by the passage of a dust particle
between the TH and the film. A too high pressure therefore can lead to the early appearance of
TH-defects (like e.g. broken resistors).
mounted TH
unmounted TH
0,45
0,40
Flatness (mm)
0,35
120µm
0,30
0,25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
53615015.cdr Position along TH
Section 5 / 10 Type 5361 09.01.00

3.3 Compensation
During printing, the print engine must continuously compensate for a number of external (= non data
related) influences that otherwise would introduce density changes (and image artifacts).
There is e.g. a very close and

strong relationship between the
system sensitometry and different
temperatures around the print head
(drawing see beneath).
The most important compensations are:

• The microdensitometer compensation which compensates for the differences in heat
production of different resistor elements in the thermal printhead. The scanning is done
with a resolution of 2000 dpi. Like that the obtained density for each resistor element is
known.
• The temperature compensation which compensates for the changes in ambient and
heatsink temperature and for the heat accumulation in the thermal printhead during
printing (see drawing above).
• The sensitometric compensation which compensates for the differences in sensitometric
behaviour between different TM-production batches.
• The voltage drop compensation.
• The previous and neighbour compensation
• The copy-to-copy Dmax compensation.
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 11

3.4 Monomed films

A cross section through a monomed sheet is represented below:
The image forming layer of AgOS is heat sensitive but not light sensitive.
By influence of heat (100° - 200° C) the silver (Ag) is reduced from AgOS:
heat (100°-200° C)
AgOS + reduction è Ag + (image information).......
Section 5 / 12 Type 5361 09.01.00

4 Components
4.1 Thermal Head Assembly
Function:
• Guarantee steady and continuous pressure of the TH towards the film
• Film transport
Adjustments:
TH pressure adjustment
Note:
We distinguish 3 TH positions. In preprint
position the TH rollers are not yet leading
the film. As soon, as the film is in
position of the TH rollers, they press the
film towards the drum and the following
film guide (sheet metal).
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 13

4.2 Film Loading Assembly
Function:
• Film separation
• Driving film to TH
• Horizontal film alignment (together with motor M8)è Motor M8 drives film towards stop in input
tray. See drawing beneath.
Adjustments: Vertical film alignment (position the stop further up / down).
Note: For the function of the clutch see description below: Function of the friction clutches.
Section 5 / 14 Type 5361 09.01.00

4.3 Description of the friction clutches
Friction Clutches: Example of function in input tray
• Altogether 3 friction clutches are built in (film loading assembly; vertical film alignment, sheet take
over motor).
• Function 1: Opening of the rollers if motor drives backward.
• Function 2: Guarantee a fixed torque of 6 Ncm
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 15

4.4 Horizontal Film Alignment
Functions:
• Horizontal film alignment
Adjustments:
After exchange of this unit, the horizontal position of the horizontal film alignment has to be adjusted.
Note: For the function of the clutch see description below: Function of the friction clutches.
Section 5 / 16 Type 5361 09.01.00

4.5 Main Drive
Functions:
• The maindrive drives the drum in constant speed.
• It calibrates after switch on (only if switch off time > 15 min.) or if the machine was idle for more
than 1 hour
• It also calibrates the drum speed during printing
• Optical position encoder (3000 pulses per revolution) controls main drive motor
• Closed loop control
Adjustments: none
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 17

Maindrive Control Principle
Section 5 / 18 Type 5361 09.01.00

4.6 Macrodensitometer (MDM))

A Macro Density Measurement system (MDM) is built-in to allow for constant image quality
concerning Dmin, Dmax, sensitometry and vertical banding.
Functions:
· Automatic film to film Dmax calibration (refer to 4.6.1, page 20)
· Automatic film type detection (after the printout!) (refer to 4.6.2, page 20)
· Film calibrations of the printer (refer to 4.6.3, page 21)
· reduction of the vertical macro density banding (density variation along the width of a TH)
(refer to 4.6.3, page 21)
· calibrating the MDM to an external density-meter, by means of a 'reference' film (refer to
4.6.3, page 21)
Adjustments:
No mechanical adjustments. For calibrations Refer to section 6.6, calibrations and adjustments.
Note: Details of the functions mentioned above depend on the SW release (SW Rel. 1.7X or 1.9X).
Refer to the table in section 4.6.3.
Revision 32 Type 5361 Chapter 5 / 19

4.6.1 Film to film Dmax calibration

· The 'film-to-film Dmax calibration' is automatically
performed after every print, if it is switched on. The
filmrun stops, the MDM carriage moves towards the film
and measures the maximum density at position 12 mm
from the right and 90 mm from the bottom.
· At SW Rel. 1.7X the film-to-film calibration is switched on
by default, at SW Rel. 1.9X it is switched off by default.
Refer to section 6.6 calibrations for more information.
· It keeps the 'border density' (from film to film) equal to a
'reference density' during printing.
· Every 'max.-density calibration' defines a new 'reference
~12
~ mm Film to film density' (= new start point)
536105AE.CDR
Dmax · The 'reference density' is defined by the average border

calibration density of the first 5 printouts after the last max.-density
~90
~ mm measurement calibration
· The film to film calibration reduces the average of a
'gradual density variation' over more than 5 print-
outs
4.6.2 Film type detection

· With SW Rel. 1.7X the 'film type detection' is
automatically performed after every print. The filmrun
stops, the MDM carriage moves towards the film and
measures the fog level at position approx. 5 from the right
and 90 mm from the bottom.
· Like that after every print the film type blue base or clear
base is automatically detected.
· At SW Rel. 1.7X the film type detection is switched on by
default, at SW Rel. 1.9X it is switched off by default. This
cannot be altered with software parameters.
~5 mm
~ Film type
536105AF.CDR
detection
~90 mm
~ measurement
Chapter 5 / 20 Type 5361 Revision 32

4.6.3 Film calibrations at software version 1.7X and 1.9X
Calibration Purpose When to be performed How to be performed How to be performed Remarks reg. SW Rel. 1.9X
in SW Rel. 1.7X in SW Rel. 1.9X
Registration * Reduces the mechanical mis- · whenever a TH profile calibration is not satisfying · via local keypad · via IMOS Drystar 3000 · At printers equipped with SW Rel. 1.9X the registration
registration of the MDM carriage during calibration can only be performed via IMOS Drystar 3000.
· first calibration in case of MDM exchange · via IMOS Drystar 3000
a film scan
536110AO.CDR
Reference film To determine new reference values for · when the printer to printer density variation has to · via local keypad · via IMOS Drystar 3000 · At printers equipped with SW Rel. 1.9X the reference film
the MDM. This is done via an external be kept small (has to be done at both printers!) calibration can only be performed via IMOS Drystar 3000.
· via IMOS Drystar 3000
densitometer.
· when an absolute density accuracy is important
536110AK.CDR
The default reference film density (compensate for deviations of the reference film)
setting obtained at production is used in
· when the system should be calibrated to the „user
case this adjustment is not performed.
densitometer“.
Density Meter * Calibrate the MDM. Compensate its · at the maintenance, i.e. at least once a year · via local keypad · via IMOS Drystar 3000 · At printers equipped with SW Rel. 1.9X the MDM calibration
long term drift. The MDM step wedge can only be performed via IMOS Drystar 3000.
reference film delivered with the printer
536110AK.CDR
has to be entered and will be measured.
TH profile * To reduce vertical macro banding · at the maintenance, i.e. at least once a year · via local keypad · via local keypad · In SW Rel. 1.9X automatic thermal head calibration is active
(vertical density irregularities). Only (by default). Requested every 5000 prints by means of a
· whenever the vertical banding is not acceptable · via IMOS Drystar 3000 · via IMOS Drystar 3000
macro density compensation is possible warning message on the local display (i.e. it's only semi-
anymore.
(in opposite to micro compensation in automatic, as the customer has to initiate it)..
production) due to the measurement · whenever the max. density variations of a
"maximum density test film" are > 0.2 O.D. · Additionally, the user is able to perform a manual calibration.
resolution of about 5 pixels.
536110AI.CDR
· The automatic calibration cycle can only be altered or

switched off via NVF parameter.
Maximum density Set the Dmax of the printer to its default · With SW REL. 1.7X: After insertion of a new film · via local keypad · via IMOS Drystar 3000 · In SW Rel. 1.9X the Dmax calibration is combined with
(default = 3.0 O.D.). The lowest density batch (new emulsion number) when the Dmax of sensito calibration,. The target Dmax is 3.1.
value of a test film has to be entered. 3.0 O.D. cannot be reached after 5 films · In SW Rel. 1.9X it still can be performed via IMOS Drystar
The printer will automatically correct its · With SW REL. 1.7X: Before every film sensito 3000, it is however not required anymore.
thermal energy to reach Dmax = 3.0. calibration.
It also can be used for calibration of
536166AP.CDR
opaque film (no internal densitometer

functionality available for opaque)
Film Sensito * To measure the film sensitometry and · Whenever a new filmbatch was inserted · via local keypad · via local keypad · In SW Rel. 1.9X the sensitometry is automatically initiated
to use these values for internal after insertion of a new film package. This can be de-
· via IMOS Drystar 3000 · via IMOS Drystar 3000
reference, so that the printer behaves activated at the local display or via NVF parameter.
linear regarding density reproduction.
· In SW Rel. 1.9X, in case the reached Dmax level after a film
sensito calibration is below the target Dmax
(target Dmax = 3.10), a warning message is displayed
536110AE.CDR
'Dmax= X.YZ'. In this case a new film sensito calibration is

recommended. In case the target Dmax cannot be reached,
printing can continue nevertheless.
*Note: These calibrations are made by a full width scan at about 15 mm from the bottom. Dust on the film will influence the result.
Revision 32 Type 5361 Chapter 5 / 21

4.7 Decurl Unit
Function:
· Decurl of the film.
· Heating element 450 W
· Remote temperature sensor
· Temperature = 90°C
Adjustments: none
Decurl Temperature Control Principle:
Chapter 5 / 22 Type 5361 Revision 32

5 Hardware overview
5.1 Overall Hardware Model
Description: The hardware components can be split up in

• VME BUS and
• ROCAN Bus.
The Gemini CPU is the main CPU. The BER interface, located on the Gemini CPU is the interface
between VME Bus and ROCAN Bus.
The VME interfaces are responsible for image acquisition (VSI / MFRI) and image processing (COS).
The ROCAN interfaces are responsible for the filmrun.
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 23

5.2 VME Bus
5.2.1 Introduction
• Versa Module Eurocard Bus • Widely used in industrial, military, industrial
• 32 bit BUS applications
• Developed by Motorola, Signetics, Mostek and • Supply voltage: 5 V Boards
Thompson CSF
5.2.2 VME BUS Overview
Board Description
Gemini CPU board • 68040 microprocessor, 25 MHz
• Up to 128MB RAM (32 MB default)
• Real time clock
• SCSI bus interface
• VME bus controller
• Socket for 2 nd 68040 microprocessor
• NIP board installed by default
NIP Neuron Image • Gemini CPU plug-on board
Processor. Image • Performs the image scaling (reduction / magnification)
Interpolation
BER Basic Ethernet and • Gemini CPU plug-on board
ROCAN Interface • drives internal hard disk 2 Gbyte
• drives external floppy
• drives external ethernet
• has the function of the rocan interface to the VME
• drives external serial port (2x)
RAM 24MB-DRAM- • Gemini CPU plug-on board
Section 5 / 24 Type 5361 09.01.00

Memory • Keeps the program

• Buffer between image interface an harddisk
COS1 Compensation • Performs the compensations for the TH
and Superslicing. Cable connections:
Compensation for TH
− VME interface (backplane) → COS1
− COS1 50 pins flatcable →AIC1
− AIC1 64 pin flatcable →TH
VSI Video Synapsis • AFR converts fiber optical (analog) data to analog data
Interface with SWB2 • SWB multiplexes up to 4 analog sources (e.g. 3 x color + 1 b&w) to the
SWB2 Switchboard2. VSI
and AFR Analog Fibre
Receiver • The VSI converts the analog date to raw, digital image data
• The VSI is a selfadjusting video interface
MFRI Multi format • Captures digital images and converts them to raw, digital image data
receiver interface • Has a built in RS422 interface for host control connection
according to 3M Specs
SCN2 Serial control • Interface for host control connection.
interface (node) RS232 / • RS232 used for connections up to 18 m
RS422. Host control
interface. • RS422 used for distances up to 1000 m
GPCI Generic Parallel • Interface for host control connection.
Control Interface. Host • By a host specific EPROM the host control signals are converted to
control interface. APIP
MAU2 Media access • Ethernet interface
unit. Part2 of Ethernet • Jumper setting necessary to switch from 10B2 connection to twisted
Interface (BER!) pair.
Backplane • VME interconnection board
• Distributes the 5V to the different VME boards
BIO3* • Global wiring board for optional interfaces: (SCN, GPCI, MAU)
Basic Input / Output • VME fan control, shut down when temp 50° C (warning when 45°C)
• Reset logic for rocan interface
• Power supply remote voltage control thermal head
• Power supply remote voltage decurl unit
Power supply* • Switch mode power supply
• Autorange 110 - 240 V / 50 - 60 Hz
• Output voltages: +5V / 36 A; +12 V / 4A; -12V / 2A; +24V / 6A; 60V /
400 W (decurl), Vth from 17 till 22 V / 25 A max; 8,5V / 2A (ext. keypad
+ ROCAN)
DTS* • Contains thermal sensor to measure temperature around drum and
VME rack. Two of these boards built in altogether.
*These boards cannot be assigned to the VME Bus explicitely. They are part of the ROCAN Bus, too.
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 25

5.3 ROCAN bus
5.3.1 Introduction
ROCAN = ROAM (AGFA R&D Department) Controller Area Network
General Purpose: Data communication in distributed systems
CAN technical aspects:
• max. speed 1MBs/40m
• Mail oriented protocol: Every node sends and receives mails. Mails can have Priorities.
• Multimaster: Every node is a bus master.
• max. dataframe=8byte
• Systemwide data consistency
• Applications: Production, cars, buildings, engines
5.3.2 Boards
PMC1
BIO3
KEY3
Power
to VME
BER 53615037.cdr
MDM1 DSH1 AIC1
Board Description
PMC1 Precision Motor • Drum motor control, optical position encoder, quadrature decoding,
Control Board calibration, compensation of gear ration
• Decurl motor control, decurl temperature control, active/passive
protection, decurl heater element control through power supply
• Pick up motor control, input feeder control
• Sheet take over motor control, sheet alignment solenoid
• Vertical alignment motor
• Cover locking solenoid
• Thermal head fan control, cooling
• Thermal head position control, home, print, preprint
• Al input sensors, paper position, empty cassette
• 3 external user keypads
• Safety circuit, cover switch, decurl overtemperature switch
Section 5 / 26 Type 5361 09.01.00

KEY3 Internal Keypad • LCD display with LED backlight

• 4 lines, 20 characters/line
• Remote power on/off switch standby
• 4 cursors
• 4 control keys (ESC, ENTER, ONLINE, UNLOCK)
• 3 yellow LED's
• 1 green power on LED
• buzzer
AIC1 Analog Interface with • Thermal head voltage control, Vth measurement
ROCAN • Thermal head heatsink temperature sensors (5x) reading
• thermal head resistance measurement
• Drum environment temperature measurement
• Data interface between COS and TH. Converts differential data to
single ended. Data multiplexing.
MDM1 Macrodensitometer • DSH board: lamp control, light measurement system (integrator),
with DSH1. interface with MDM board
• MDM board: Stepper motor control, AD converter, ROCAN bus
interface
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 27

5.4 Harddisk / Print queue
5.4.1 Organization of the harddisk
5.4.2 Organization of the print queue
The organization of the print queue works with the FIFO principle: first job in the queue is the first job
out. In a network, every destination has its own queue. In the queue there are always several output
jobs activated at the same time. The queue is located on the F: partition.
Job status
P Defines printable jobs that are: ready for printing or
currently printed
W Stands for warning which means that the respective output station is not ready, e.g. because of
wrong setting. The job can be converted into P jobs as soon as the output is ready.
E Means that there was an error during the processing. The job cannot be completed. The data is
lost and can be deleted.
R Means that this is a remote job, sent via ethernet from another user. This job can only be deleted
from the user it was sent from.
Emergency (+)
Normally, films are always added to the end of a queue waiting for the output. If there is an
emergency film which requires immediate exposure of a film, this can be moved up to the first
position of the queue by pressing the emergency key on the keypad. Further emergency films are
positioned behind the former emergency film. The active jobs in the queue, (P-jobs) however, remain
active and will be processed before the first emergency film.
Job owner
- <Space> self
- 1;2;or 3 one of the other inputs (not self)
- N network
Film type
b = blue based, i. e. blue acceptor should be inserted
c = clear based, idem for clear
o= opaque, idem for opaque
Section 5 / 28 Type 5361 09.01.00

6 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Drystar 3000 Software Architecture
PE util
TI3
MEGA options
MEGA util PE comp
DICOM
AUTOLOCK Postscript CAN
(MPS / MNR) DR3
PE util
MEGA MEGA comp T14
utilities CANTST
ABC PAT
SHERR
disk operation system BAS util
BSP (portex) toolbox
monitor (EPROM)
MON
Device Floppy Set
BAS AOS
CAD
ECU
DCM
DI30
MPS
MNR
53615042.cdr
MON (monitor) Flash EPROM on Gemini,

Disk Operation System AOS shell (Adonis Operation System). Corresponding device floppy:
Either the BAS floppy (if installing from scratch) and the AOS floppy or
only the AOS floppy.
BAS (basic) utilities. The BAS utilities run direct on MON shell. They are used to install the
Toolbox. device SW from monitor level. Corresponding device floppy: BAS. It
corresponds to a boot floppy we know from the DOS shell.
MeGa Components Software to run the system software of the controller. Corresponding
(MeGa = Medical device floppies: AOS and ECU
Gateway)
MeGa Utilities All kinds of utilities to test, service and configure the controller.
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 29

Corresponding device floppies: AOS and ECU

PE Comp (Print Engine All kinds of test programs for the print engine part of the device: T3I, print
Components) and PE engine monitor (subset of T14) and ROCAN driver for ROCAN Bus. DR3
Util (Print Engine utilities) print engine component (device driver).
Corresponding device floppy: DI30
MeGa Options: DCM Optional network components. Installed separately by different IMOS
(Dicom), MPS (MeGa applications. Corresponding device floppies: IMOS DCM / IMOS MPS /
Postscript), MNR (MeGa IMOS MNR
Network Reader)
7 File structure / AOS shell

The operating system of the printer is the AOS, the Adonis Operating System. It manages and
controls the flow of data to and from the target system (internal hard disk, interface or external
device). AOS commands (see section 6.2) are similar to DOS commands.
The AOS provides several layers of software which the printer application software can use to
interact with the underlying hardware.
The printer system software uses different file types: 1. Program files; *.PRG
2. Name Value Files; NVF
3. Log files; *.log
4. Batch program files; *.BAT
a) Program files
Program files with the extension ".PRG" on the C:\ partition are responsible for the functional
sequence in the application software, they include also the default settings for the application. The
program file works together with the NVF parameters.
b) Name Value Files
The so-called Name Value Files (NVF) are used for the adaptation of the software to the
customer's requirements and host systems. The settings in the NVF files overwrite the default or
standard settings in the program files.
Read sequence of NVF-files
Remark: The last two digits in the extension indicates the version of the NVF files. A higher
version has a higher priority this means lower versions will be overruled.
Section 5 / 30 Type 5361 09.01.00

Example for read sequence
c) Log files (on D:\Partition)

The system software writes a logbook, which is called the AOS.LOG. During operation a lot of
status messages are written into the logbook. The current log file contains e.g. error codes, and
further detailed information for the research and development department (R&D). The AOS log
file is a ring buffer (first in first out) with a size of approx. 2 MB. The 2 MB are sufficient for
approx. 10 minutes protocol logging. The AOS.log is a binary file and cannot be read by an
editor. The translation between the binary AOS log file and a readable text file is made via REM
(Record Manager). In the REM several filters can be used to filter out special messages of the
AOS log file. During a system startup D:\AOS:LOG is crunched into D:\*.SES files (maximum 6
files).
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 31

d) Batch program files

Batch program files on the C:\partition are unformatted text files containing AOS commands.
They always have the file extension .BAT. The most important batch file is the AUTOEXEC.BAT
which defines special tasks by programs that should be automatically executed during a system
startup.
The execution of the autoexec.bat process can be cancelled by pressing any key
immediately after the message "AOS started" at the boot screen (terminal emulation). By
stopping the system after the AOS shell started, i.e. by not executing the autoexec.bat, no
actions are performed anymore. The system is halted. The C: partition is not write protected. No
selfreset will be made. No bus crash caused by wrong configuration parameter can occur.
Not to execute the autoexec.bat is necessary for:
• crunching the AOS logfile
• not to execute the selfreset command in case of a bus error
• to format F: partition
8 Application
8.1 Overview of all steps of image processing
8.2 Taste look up table. Combination with Sensolut

The advantage of digital imaging is that every pixel grey level can be manipulated electronically to a
desired value. This is very useful because the human eye reacts differently to the various density
differences. For example, the eye is able to see density differences if the density of the background is
very low. The other way round, the eye is not very sensitive for density differences if the density of
the background is very high.
One result of this fact is the Kanamori taste look up table (LUT). Kanamori determined a correction
curve by experiments. The curve, that is combined with the Sens-o-LUT, to implement this effect, is
called "Kanamori". It is because it adapts the appearance of the image to the "taste" of the eye. The
Kanamori taste LUT is one of several possible taste look up tables. Other supported taste LUT's are:
– "linear", i.e. no transformation
– "Kanamori like", i.e. similar to Kanamori, but to alter with a sub ID
– "OEM defined", i.e. something "hand-crafted"
The sensitometric curve is stored in the CPU. The controller sends for every image the Taste-LUT.
The combination between Sens-o-LUT and Taste-LUT is made in the CPU.
How the combination of the Taste-LUT with the Sens-o-LUT in the CPU works is shown in the
following diagram:
Section 5 / 32 Type 5361 09.01.00

Combination Taste-LUT and

Sens-o-LUT
The whole combination is done mathematically by linking the two LUT's. But in principle it works like
this: the controller sends a grey level for a pixel (e.g. 255). By the Kanamori-Taste-LUT the density
belonging to this grey level, (e.g. 2.8) is allocated. With this allocated grey level one looks into the
Sens-o-LUT. In the Sens-o-LUT a grey level of 2.8 means a special value for controlling the thermal
head. With this value the thermal head gets controlled for printing.
This means that in the LUT an allocation or output table is stored, that allocates the pixel grey level to
the corresponding thermal head-control value.
As Dmax for this output table the lowest Dmax (defined in MNU) and as Dmin the highest Dmin (also
defined in MNU) is taken.
8.3 Window level
Window / Level only
should be used in some
rare exceptions:
It is only adviced to use it
in case of an analog
input, where text has a
higher amplitude than the
image information.
Attention: With
Window/Level you cut off
image information and
you introduce
"landscaping" (also called
"contouring").
Example: 0 is white. 255 is black. Level 20 / Window 80 means cutting off 20% of the white side
of the image. Level 20 / Window 60 means cutting off 20% of the white and 20% of the black
side.
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 33

8.4 INTERPOLATION
If a host system sends e.g. an image with pixel matrix 512x512 pixels and this image should be
printed on a 14x17" film of a printer with pixel matrix 4256x5174, the image has to be magnified by
approximately factor 8.
This means that in this special case to every existing pixel, 7 new ones are created on the film.
The calculation of the grey level of these new pixels is called interpolation. Base of the calculation is
always the grey level of the surrounding pixels.
The printer interpolates via the NIP board. The kind of interpolation, also called "magnification type" is
determined by the menu parameter "magnif_type".
The number representing the magnification type correlates to the number of pixels taken into account
for calculation (see table below).
Four different interpolation methods can be distinguished:
Interpolation MNU-NVF: Number of pixels taken in account for

magnif_type calculation in the calculation matrix
Replication 0 20 x 20 = 1
Linear 1 21 x 21 = 4
Cubic Spline 2 22 x 22 = 16
Cubic Spline High Resolution 2 22 x 22 = 16
The following examples explain the different interpolation methods.

Replication
Replication (replica = exact copy) is the easiest interpolation algorithm. It is also known under
"nearest neighbour algorithm", where each pixel is given the value of the sample which is closest to it.
The image is thereby convolved with a rectangle function.
The impression is very sharp but "pixely".
Interpolation method "replication" is a perfect method to judge video images during installation.
Interpolation method replication

0 and 255 are the original pixels.
0' and 255' are the new calculated
pixels.
Linear
A slightly more complicated function to calculate is the linear interpolation algorithm. Linear
interpolation amounts to convolution of the sampled image by a triangle function.
Linear interpolation is the smoothest interpolation method.
Section 5 / 34 Type 5361 09.01.00

Interpolation method linear

Pixels with "'" are the new calculated
pixels.
Cubic Spline
Cubic interpolation is a third order function:
f (x) = ax3 + abx2 + acx + da.
Cubic interpolation
Pixels with "'" are the new calculated
pixels.
Depending on the factor "a" the impression could be between quite sharp (not as sharp as replicate)
and very smooth (not as smooth as linear).
Factor a is determined by smooth factor in MNU. See table of different smooth factors below.
Cubic Spline High Resolution
Cubic spline high resolution is a special kind of cubic interpolation. It is characterized by a high
sharpness with very clear characters.
Cubic spline high resolution is chosen with a smooth factor between 137 and 150.
The following smooth factors are defined:
Smooth factor Meaning Comment
0 cubic B-spline Very smooth. But less smooth than
linear
137 … 150 cubic spline high 137 means very sharp
resolution 150 means smooth
256 … 299 cubic bell spline 256 means sharp
299 means smooth
In general:
– Use magnification type 0 (replicate) for checking video images
– Use magnification type 2 (cubic) with smooth factor 256 … 299 for noisy CT images
– Use magnification type 2 (cubic) with smooth factor 137 ... 150 for all other applications.
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 35

8.5 Printing Areas

LR3300 Drystar 3000
DPI (pixels/mm) 314.96 (12.4) 319.899 (12.59446)
film format (inch) 14” x 17” 14” x 14” 14” x 11” 14” x 17” 14” x 14” 14” x 11”
film size (mm) 354 x 429.7 354 x354 354 x 278.6 354 x 429.7 354 x 354 354 x 278.6
film size (pixels) 4409 x 5354 4409 x 4409 4409 x 3465 4458 x 5412 4458 x 4458 4458 x 3509
borders - - - transparent transparent transparent
top pixels (mm) - - - 57 (4.526) 57 (4.526) 47 (3.732)
bottom pixels - - - 57 (4.526) 57 (4.526) 44 (3.494)
(mm)
left pixels (mm) - - - 53 (4.208) 53 (4.208) 53 (4.208)
right pixels (mm) - - - 53 (4.208) 53 (4.208) 53 (4.208)
printable area of 4409 x 5354 4409 x 4409 4409 x 3465 4352 x 5298 4352 x 4344 4352 x 3418
writing syst.
borders black black black - - -
top pixels (mm) 100 (8.065) 100 (8.065) 100 (8.065) - - -
bottom pixels 80 (6.452) 77 (6.210) 65 (5.242) - - -
(mm)
left pixels (mm) 76 (6.129) 76 (6.129) 76 (6.129) - - -
right pixels (mm) 77 (6.210) 77 (6.210) 77 (6.210) - - -
area for controller 4256 x 5174 4256 x 4232 4256 x 3300 4352 x 5298 4352 x 4344 4352 x 3418
none diagnostic - - - black black black
band
top pixels (mm) - - - 124 (9.846) 112 (8.893) 118 (9.369)
calibration - - - black black black
borders (left &
right)
left pixels (mm) - - - 48 (3.811) 48 (3.811) 48 (3.811)
right pixels (mm) - - - 48 (3.811) 48 (3.811) 48 (3.811)
layout area for 4256 x 5174 4256 x 4232 4256 x 3300 4256 x 5174 4256 x 4232 4256 x 3300
controller
none diagnostic black black black - - -
band
top pixels (mm) 50 (4.032) 50 (4.032) 50 (4.032) - - -
bottom pixels 50 (4.032) 50 (4.032) 50 (4.032) - - -
(mm)
final diagnostic 4256 x 5074 4256 x 4132 4256 x 3200 4256 x 5174 4256 x 4226 4256 x 3300
image area
Section 5 / 36 Type 5361 09.01.00

9 Networking: General Introduction
Meanwhile we have a lot of different configurators for configuration of the different pins of the
MG3000, Drystar 2000 or Drystar 3000.
What is a pin? A pin is an input or an output, locally or via network. It is a piece of software, that can
be connected to a piece of hardware, e.g. a VSI interface or a network interface (BEN + MAU).
Theoretically, from software point of view, we could configure pin 1 to 10 as inputs, pin 11 to 20 as
outputs (always only pin 11 is used!) and pin 21 to 30 as network input/output.
The max. number of inputs is limited to 9.
Input Output
1 11
2 12
Drystar 3000
3 13
21 22 23 24
53615050.cdr
Network
Pin Assignments on MG3000 / Drystar 2000 / Drystar 3000
**Drystar 3000 Input Pin Assignmet

Pin # Used for...
1 VSI or MFRI Interface
4 Local Keypad (TIF driver)
Pins 1 to 4 as well as 11 and 21 (=APIP by convention) are configured by MeGaCon

Pins 22 to 30 are configured via the IMOS DICOM, MPS or TMX configurator.
***MPS = MeGa Postscript

****TMX = Tiff Mail Extension
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 37

Which image formats and protocols can be configured with the different configurators shows the next
sketch:
File Formats and Protocols for Image Transmission
lp / lpr / ftp / pap / SMTP Postscript / TIFF / Sunraster
APIP APIP DICOM DICOM
MG
Drystar
3000 DICOM Workstation
Modality
53615052.cdr
The file formats and network protocols for image transmission
The following table shall give an overview, which configurator is used for what network image format
and network protocol:
Configurator Pin Network Image Format
Protocol
MeGaCON 21 APIP APIP
DICOM 22 to 27 DICOM DICOM
MPS with MPSXXX.ZIP 22 to 27 LP/LPR AGFA Postscript or
floppy FTP Picker Postscript
PAP
MPS with MNRXXX.ZIP 22 to 27 FTP TIFF or
floppy LPR SUNRASTER
TMX 22 to 27 SMTP TIFF
All configurators except MeGaCON are explained later on. For a description of MeGaCON see the
corresponding IMOS MeGaCON Windows Helpfile.
Section 5 / 38 Type 5361 09.01.00

9.1 APIP
APIP (Agfa Picture Archiving Protocol) is the standard
APIP network language. It is used for communication
between AGFA devices via network. It is normally
configured on pin 21 (see drawing).
MG
Drystar
3000
53615053.cdr
9.2 DICOM
9.2.1 Introduction
DICOM is an abbreviation for ,,DIGITAL IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION IN MEDICINE". Since 1983 the
American College of Radiology- ACR- and the National Electrical Manufacturers- NEMA- try to create
a standard for transmission of photos and added information in-between digital systems. AGFA is an
active member of this team. The third version of this standard is called DICOM.
Difference between user and provider of a certain function

Function Ability as user Ability as provider
Query Call up a database Ability to receive image data
from an external system
Retrieve External call up of the own database At a query it is possible to
transmit image data to an
external system
Storage Transmission of image data to an external Storage of image data on a
system for storage specified database
Print Transmission of picture data to an external Provides for others to print out
Management system to print out on the own or associated
system
DICOM functions are devided in different so called "service functions".

The most important are →to store
→to print
A DICOM device can be a "provider" or a "user" of a function.

In more understandable words: A user is e.g. a DICOM CT sending images and print related info (or
in other words: a film session) to the DICOM print provider MG3000. This means the MG3000 is a
"print provider".
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 39

9.2.2 DICOM in Combination with APIP

The DICOM configurator is able to configure pin 22 to 25 for DICOM. For configuration of APIP,
MeGaCON is used.
APIP DICOM
MG
Drystar
3000 DICOM
Modality
53615056.cdr
APIP and DICOM in a network
APIP DICOM
MG
Drystar
3000 DICOM DICOM DICOM
Modality 1 Modality 2 Modality 3
53615058.cdr
Three DICOM modalities in a network.
Section 5 / 40 Type 5361 09.01.00

Difference between one or more DICOM PMS Associations. Example: 3 DICOM Modalities
connected to a Drystar 3000
One Association 2 Associations for 3 3 Associations for 3
for all 3 DICOM DICOM PMS DICOM PMS
PMS Modalities Modlities Modlities
Which pins are 22 22 and 23 22 and 23 and 24
used:
Advantage Less memory At least 2 of 3 All 3 modalities can
usage in Drystar modalities can have have access to the
3000 access to the Drystar Drystar 3000
3000 whenever it is whenever it is needed.
needed.
Disadvantage If one modality More memory usage in Even more memory
makes an Drystar 3000 usage in Drystar 3000
association, the
others have to wait
until it is released
Which E:\acq5.......PMS22 E:\acq5.......PMS22 E:\acq5.......PMS22
subdirectories E:\acq6.......PMS23 E:\acq6.......PMS23
are created on
E:\acq7.......PMS24
E:
Input Output Input Output Input Output
Sketch 1 11 1 11 1 11
2 Drystar 3000 2 Drystar3000 2 Drystar3000
3 3 3
4 4 4
APIP (ETH) DICOM (PMS) 1 Association DICOM (PMS) 2 Associations APIP (ETH)
APIP (ETH)
21 22
53615a59.cdr
53615059.cdr 21 22 23 53615b59.cdr 21 22 23 24
Network Network DICOM (PMS) 3 Associations
Network
09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 41

9.3 Postscript
The postscript configurator is able to configure postscript, TIFF or Sunraster image format as network
input. As network protocol lp/lpr, ftp or pap can be used.
File Formats and Protocols for Image Transmission

Postscript / TIFF / Sunraster
lp / lpr / ftp / pap / SMTP
Drystar
3000 Workstation
53615a52.cdr
Depending on the floppy, that is inserted in the PC or device floppy drive, different network modules
can be installed:
IMOS
MG3000
MPS2.33
a:\winstall
1/2
Attention:
SW Versions are subject
to change.
See DIGIMAIL* for updates.
*DIGIMAIL = Bulletin Board MG3000.
Modem no. +49 89 6207 7777
MPS32935
MG3000 MNR32925
MG3000
MPS32941
1/1 1/1
Image Formats:
AGFA + Picker Postscript Image Formats: TIFF + Sunraster
Protocols: PAP + lp/lpr + FTP Protocols: lp/lpr + FTP
53615a63.cdr
For more information see the corresponding connectivity release document, available on DIGIMAIL.
Section 5 / 42 Type 5361 09.01.00

Drystar ds3000 Configuracion

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DD+DIS103.

02E Theory of operation

Revision 32 Type 5361 Chapter 5 / I

8.2 Taste look up table. Combination with Sensolut..............................................................................32

Chapter 5 / II Type 5361 Revision 32

• The printer can be

System Overview Drystar 3000. Example for a network connection.

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 1

Table with possible inputs and corresponding image interfaces

Decurl Unit • An internal keypad is provided

Filmrun of the printer

Section 5 / 2 Type 5361 09.01.00

Drystar 3000 Drystar 2000 LR5200

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 3

Section 5 / 4 Type 5361 09.01.00

2.2 Sequence of functions during operation

2.2.1 Overall block diagram

Functions of the controller: Functions of the Print engine

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 5

2.2.2 Image Data Flow

Acquisition Buffering Composition and Communication

image from & to

Section 5 / 6 Type 5361 09.01.00

2.3 Sequence of functions during the print cycle

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 7

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINT PROCESS

3.1 The principle of thermographic printing

3.1.1 General principles of image formation in the printer

3.2 Thermal head

Section 5 / 8 Type 5361 09.01.00

3.2.1 Necessity of the TH-position adjustment

Attention: TH position is determined by two pins and adjusted already in production.

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 9

3.2.2 Necessity of the TH-pressure adjustment

Section 5 / 10 Type 5361 09.01.00

There is e.g. a very close and

The most important compensations are:

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 11

3.4 Monomed films

Section 5 / 12 Type 5361 09.01.00

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 13

4.2 Film Loading Assembly

Adjustments: Vertical film alignment (position the stop further up / down).

Section 5 / 14 Type 5361 09.01.00

4.3 Description of the friction clutches

Friction Clutches: Example of function in input tray

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 15

4.4 Horizontal Film Alignment

Section 5 / 16 Type 5361 09.01.00

4.5 Main Drive

09.01.00 Type 5361 Section 5 / 17

Maindrive Control Principle

Section 5 / 18 Type 5361 09.01.00

4.6 Macrodensitometer (MDM))

Revision 32 Type 5361 Chapter 5 / 19

4.6.1 Film to film Dmax calibration

Dmax · The 'reference density' is defined by the average border

4.6.2 Film type detection

Chapter 5 / 20 Type 5361 Revision 32

4.6.3 Film calibrations at software version 1.7X and 1.9X

has to be entered and will be measured.

· The automatic calibration cycle can only be altered or

opaque film (no internal densitometer