Ultrasonic Testing Formula Sheet

General UT Equations Symbols Ultrasonic Pneumonic Aid SI Units

Wavelength =V/F F Frequency F Frequency Mega 106 1000000

Near Field = (D2 x F) / (4 x V) λ Wavelength Kilo 103 1000

P Penetration
Half Angle Beam Spread = (K x V) / (D x F) D Diameter Centi 101 10

Snell’s Law (Sin⍬1 / Sin⍬2) = (V1 / V2) θ Angle A Attenuation 1 1 1

Amplitude to dB dB = 20 x Log(A2 / A1) dB Decibels milli 10-3 0.001

D Divergence
Acoustic Impedance (Z) =⍴xV A Amplitude
Beam Spread
Impedance Ratio = Z 2 / Z1 S Sensitivity Constants
⍴ Density

Reflected Energy (%) = [(Z2 - Z1)2 / (Z2 + Z1)2] x 100 V Velocity K dB

C Crystal Thickness
V - Path = (2 x w.t.) / Cos(⍬) Z Impedance 1.22 0
R Resolution
Skip Distance = 2 x w.t. x Tan(⍬) w.t. Wall Thickness 1.09 -20

Period =1/F a, b, c Side lengths of triangle Y Wavelength 0.93 -12

Pulse Interval = 1 / Pulse Repetition Rate 0.87 -10

N Near Field Distance
Circumference of Circle = ∏ x Diameter 0.7 -6

Pythagorean Theorem a2 + b2 = c2 0.51 -3

Distance V x Time

Inches to Millimeters Multiply times 25.4

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Ultrasonic Testing Formula Sheet