Physical

Metallurgy 1
By:
Majid Pouranvari
pouranvari@sharif.edu
Sharif University of Technology
MSE Department
2022
Table of Content
1. Introduction: Overview
2. Atomic Structure and interatomic-bonding: Review
3. Crystal Structure: Review
4. Crystal Defects
5. Phase Equilibria
6. Equilibrium Binary Phase Diagrams
7. Non-equilibrium conditions in Phase Diagrams
8. Iron Based Alloys
References: Level I
References: Level II
References: Level III
 Grading
Homework: 20%
Midterm exams: 35%
Final Exam: 40%
Attendance: 5%
 Chapter 1:
Introduction to Materials Science and
Engineering
MSE

 Three technologies are widely recognized today as key to future

prosperity of developed nations, and are already major driving
forces for global economic growth:
information technology,
biotechnology, and
materials science and engineering
 Materials science and engineering (MSE) enables the other two key
technologies and affects our lives directly in many ways ….
Materials Science and Human
Civilization
 Development and advancement of Human societies-closely
related with materials
 Civilizations have been named based on the level of their
materials development – Stone age, Bronze age etc.
Materials
categories and
examples of
interrelationships
among them
Example: Advanced High Strength Steels
Example: New and lightweight Engine Materials
Superalloys for Turbine blades
What is MSE?
 Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an
interdisciplinary field of science and engineering that
studies and manipulates the composition and structure
of materials across length scales to control materials
properties through synthesis and processing.
MSE: The four key elements
(i) The structure and composition of a
material; including the type of atoms and
their arrange- ment as viewed over the
range of length scales (nano-, meso-,
micro-, macro-scale).
(ii) The synthesis and processing by
which the particular arrangement of
atoms is achieved.
(iii) The properties of the material
resulting from the atoms and their
arrangement, that make the material
interesting or useful.
(iv) The performance of the material, that
is, the measurement of its usefulness in
actual conditions, taking account of
economic and soci costs and benefits.
Materials Properties

(1) Mechanical Properties (Strength,

Toughness, Fatigue, Creep, …)
(2) Physical Properties (Electrical, Thermal,
Magnetic, …)
(3) Chemical Properties (Corrosion, Catalyst
Properties )
Materials Properties
Mechanical Physical
Materials Processing and Manufacturing
Materials Processing and Manufacturing

3-D Printing: Additive manufacturing

Materials Structure
From atomic scale to a large-scale
component
‫ساختار يك ماده به نحوهي چينش اجزاي دروني آن مرتبط است‬

‫‪Microstructure Engineering‬‬
Properties
I: Microstructure-Sensitive Properties
Example: Hardness, Yield Strength,
Toughness, Ductility

II: Microstructure-Insensitive Properties

Example: Density, E, CTE,
(a) (b)

(c) (d)
Funda Check How can we understand the uniaxial tension test, by looking across lengthscales?
We will learn about the details of the uniaxial tension test (UTT) in the chapter on plasticity

 To understand the simple UTT, we have to travel across lengthscales  ~Å to ~cm.

 Young’s modulus involves bond stretching (distortion)  atomic dimensions  ~5 Å.
 Yield stress involves motion of dislocations and hindrance by grain boundaries  ~10 m.
 Drop in stress due to necking  sample length scale  ~1 cm.

Yield stress dislocations

and grain boundaries
involved ~ 10 

Neck

Necking sample
lengthscale ~cm

Young’s modulus 
bond stretching 
atomic dimensions
Al
Physical Metallurgy
(i) Thermodynamics
(ii) Kinetics
 ‫نکات پایانی فصل اول‬
‫خواص مواد نه تنها تابع ترکیب شیمیایی‪ ،‬بلکه تابع ساختار درونی مواد‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫نیز است‪.‬‬

‫کنترل بسیاری از خواص مواد‪ ،‬نیاز به کنترل ساختار مواد در سطوح‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫مختلف (اتمی‪ ،‬کریستالی و ریزساختاری) دارد‪.‬‬

‫برای کنترل خواص باید مشخص شود که خاصیت مورد نظر توسط یه‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪ Scale‬ساختاری کنترل می شود‪.‬‬

‫یک خاصیت ممکن است تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف ساختاری باشد (برای‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫مثال استحکام تسلیم و یا انرژی شکست) و یک خاصیت ممکن است تحت‬
‫تاثیر تمام سطوح نباشد (برای مثال مدول یانگ که تابع ریزساختار‬
‫نیست‪ ،‬اما به شدت تابع ساختار اتمی است)‪.‬‬