What is the

internet made
up of?
Ashvanth R.V.
 What is Internet?
the large system of connected computers around the world
that allows people to share information and communicate
with each other:
What is the internet 01
Firewall
02
Cables
made up of ? 03
Switch
04
MAC
05
NIC
06
server
07
HUB
08
Bridge
04
WAP
05
Radiowaves
 FIREWALL

What is a firewall?
a device or program that stops people from seeing or
using the information on a computer without
permission while it is connected to the internet
 how is a firewall used in internet ?

A firewall acts as a barrier or filter between your computer and another

network such as the internet. You could think of a firewall as a traffic controller.
It helps to protect your network and information by managing your network
traffic. This includes blocking unsolicited incoming network traffic and
validating access by assessing network traffic for anything malicious like
hackers and malware.
Your operating system and your security software usually come with a pre-
installed firewall. It’s a good idea to make sure those features are turned on.
Also, check your security settings to be sure they are configured to run updates
automatically.
 Cables
your internet service provider sends a data signal through the coaxial cable, or coax
cable, into your home—specifically, to your modem. The modem then uses an Ethernet
cable to connect to your computer or router, which is what gives you access to high-
speed internet.
 SWITCH
What is network switch?
A network switch is a hardware component
responsible for relaying data from networks to the
destination endpoint through packet switching,
MAC address identification, and a multiport bridge
system.
 How is a switch used in networking
Once a device is connected to a switch, the switch notes its media access control (MAC)
address, a code that’s baked into the device’s network-interface card (NIC).The NIC
attaches to an Ethernet cable that connects to the switch. The switch uses the MAC
address to identify which device’s outgoing packets are being sent, and where to deliver
incoming packets.
The MAC address identifies the physical device and doesn’t change, while the network
layer (Layer 3) IP address, can be assigned dynamically to a device and change over
time.
When a packet enters the switch, the switch reads its header, then matches the
destination address or addresses and sends the packet out through the appropriate
ports that lead to the destination devices.
To reduce the chance for collisions between network traffic going to and from a switch
and a connected device at the same time, most switches offer full-duplex functionality
in which packets coming from and going to a device have access to the full bandwidth of
the switch connection.
 MAC
A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to a
network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications
within a network segment. This use is common in most IEEE 802 networking
technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
 Our Service
Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware component that is present on the
computer. It is used to connect different networking devices such as
computers and servers to share data over the connected network. NIC is
important for us to establish a wired or wireless connection over the network.
Network Interface Card is also known as Network Interface Controller,
Network Adapter, Ethernet card, Connection card, and LAN (Local Area
Network) Adapter.
 Server
A server is a computer program or device
that provides a service to another
computer program and its user, also
known as the client. In a data center, the
physical computer that a server program
runs on is also frequently referred to as a
server. That machine might be a
dedicated server or it might be used for
other purposes.
 HUB
a hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple
computers or other network devices. Unlike a network switch or router, a
network hub has no routing tables or intelligence on where to send
information and broadcasts all network data across each connection. Most
hubs can detect basic network errors, such as collisions, but having all
information broadcast to multiple ports is a security risk and causes
bottlenecks. In the past, network hubs were popular because they were
cheaper than a switch or router. Today, switches do not cost more than a
hub and are a better solution for any network.
 Bridge
A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater,
with add on the functionality of filtering content by reading the
MAC addresses of the source and destination. It is also used for
interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has
a single input and single output port, thus making it a 2 port
device.
WAP (Wireless access point)
A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is a networking
device that allows connecting the devices with
the wired network. A Wireless Access Point
(WAP) is used to create the WLAN (Wireless
Local Area Network), it is commonly used in
large offices and buildings which have expanded
businesses.
 Radio waves
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation best-known for
their use in communication technologies.

How is radiowaves used in networking?

Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transmit information between your

device and a router via frequencies. Two radio-wave frequencies
can be used, depending on the amount of data being sent: 2.4
gigahertz and 5 gigahertz.
Thanks