Plant Foundations

Tank Foundation Design 1

Along Z Direction #4 bars @ 5 in #4 bars @ 5 in None

spacing spacing

1. API Standard 650, 11th edition, Welded Tank for Oil Storage.
2. PIP STE 03020, Guidelines for Tank Foundation Design.
3. ASCE 05
4. ACI 318-11

Ringwall Geometry
Ringwall Height, Fh = 3.5 ft
Ringwall Width, Fw = 2.5 ft
Eccentricity from tank diameter to footing centerline, e = 0.25 ft
Bottom of Footing Elevation (B.O.F.) = 100 ft
Number of Anchor Bolts: 15

Figure 173: Tank foundation elevation

Tank Properties

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Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

Internal Tank Diameter, Di = 50 ft

Height of Tank Shell, Hs = 36 ft
Average Thickness of Tank, Tavg = 0.375 in
Thickness of Tank Bottom, Tbot = 0.375 in
Thickness of Tank Roof, Trf = 0.375 in
Insulation Thickness, Tins = 0.0 in

Figure 174: Tank elevation

Soil Properties
Allowable Soil Pressure, SBC = 2.5 kip / ft2
Soil Density, γsoil = 120 lb / ft3
Coefficient of friction, μ = 0.4
Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficient, k = 0.5
Effective Embedment Depth, heff = 1.5 ft
Soil Bearing Multiplication Factor for Wind and Seismic Load Case, SBF = 1.333
Overturning Safety Ratio, OTR = 1.5
Sliding Safety Ratio, STR = 2.0
Material Properties
Concrete Density, γc = 150 lb / ft3
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc = 4 ksi
Yield Strength of Rebar, fy = 60 ksi
Concrete Cover, cc = 3 in
Minimum Bar Diameter = 4
Maximum Bar Diameter = 11
Tank Unit Weight = 490 lb / ft3

STAAD Foundation Advanced 602 Verification Manual

Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

Design Parameters
Primary Load Description
Misc. Weight for Attachments: 5%
Weight of Tank Shell, Ws = 1.05 × × [((Di + 2Tavg)/2)2 - (D i/2)2] × Hs × 0.49 = 90.976 kip
Weight of Tank Roof, Wr = 1.05 × × ((Di + 2Tavg)/2)2 × Trf × 0.49 = 31.648 kip
Weight of Tank Floor, Wf = Tbot × × ((Di + 2Tavg)/2)2 × 0.49 = 30.141 kip
External Dead Pressure = 0.005 ksf
External Dead Load, Wdead = 0.005 × × ((Di + 2Tavg)/2)2 = 9.842 kip
Roof Snow Pressure = 0.02 ksf
Roof Snow Load, Wsnow = 0.02 × × ((Di + 2Tavg)/2)2 = 39.368 kip
Total Live Load, Wlive = 0
Tank Empty Weight, Wempty = W s + Wr + Wf = 152.766 kip
Operating Fluid Weight, Wt_oper = 4,166 kip
Operating Liquid Height, Hl = 34 ft
Test Fluid Weight, Wt_test = 4,166 kip
Test Liquid Height, Hl = 34 ft
Internal Operating Pressure, poper = 1 psi
Internal Test Pressure, ptest = 1 psi
Wind Load
Wind Load does not govern in this case.
Seismic Load
Seismic Use Group, SUG = II
Importance Factor, Ieq = 1.25 (Ref. 1, Table E-5)
Long Period, TL = 8 s
Site Class D
Spectral Response Acc. Parameter at Short Period, Ss = 0.157
Spectral Response Acc. Parameter at 1 Sec, S1 = 0. 059
Factor to adjust 5% damping to 1/2% damping, K = 1.5
Impulsive Response Modification Factor, Rwi = 3.5 (Ref. 1, Table E-4)
Convective Response Modification Factor, Rwc = 2 (Ref. 1, Table E-4)
Short Period Site Coefficient at 0.2s Period, Fa = 1.6 (Ref. 1, Table E-1)
Long Period Site Coefficient at 1.0s Period, Fv = 2.4 (Ref. 1, Table E-2)
Design Spectral Response Acc. Parameter at Short Period, SDS = 0.167 (Ref. 3, 11.4-1, 11.4-3)
Design Spectral Response Acc. Parameter at 1 sec, SD1 = 0.094 (Ref. 3, 11.4-2, 11.4-4)

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Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

T0 = 0.2 (S D1 / SDS) = 0.113s (Ref. 3, 11.4-7)

Ts = S D1 / SDS = 0.564s (Ref. 3, 11.4-7)
Ratio of Diameter to Liquid Height, DH = (Di + 2Tavg) / Operating Liquid Height = 1.472
Ks = 0.578 / (tanh(3.68 × Hs / Di)0.5 = 0.581 (Ref. 1, E.4.5.2-c)
Convective Period, Tc = Ks × (Di)0.5 = 4.11 (Ref. 1, E.4.5.2-b)
Impulsive Spectral Acceleration Parameter, Ai = S DS × (Ieq / Rwi) = 0.06 (Ref. 1, E.4.6.1-1)
Convective Spectral Acceleration Parameter, Ac = K × SD1 × (Ieq / Rwc) / Tc = 0.022 (Ref. 1, E.4.6.1-1)

per Refer. 1, E.6.1.1 to E.6.1.3

Impulsive weight per Ref. 1, E.6.1.1,
Since DH = 1.472 > 1.333, use Equation E.6.1.1-1
Wi = (tanh × (0.866 × DH) / (0.866 × DH)) × Wp
In operating condition, Fluid Weight, Wt_oper = 4166 kip
Wp = W t_oper = 4,166 kip
Wi = (tanh × (0.866 × 1.472) / (0.866 × 1.472)) × 4166 = 2794.477 kip
use Equation E.6.1.1-3, Wc = 0.230 × DH × tanh × (3.67 / D H) × Wp
= 0.230 × 1.472 × tanh × (3.67 / 1.472) × 4,166 = 1,391.305 kip
Per Equation E.6.1-2, Vi = Ai × ( Ws + W r + W f + W i)
= 0.06 × (90.98+31.65+30.14+2794.477) = 176.273 kip
Per Equation E.6.1-3, Vc = A c × Wc = 0.022 × 1,391.305 = 29.977 kip
Per Equation E.6.1-1, V = (Vi2 + Vc2)0.5 = 178.804 kip
Since DH = 1.472 > 1.333, use Equation E.6.1.2.1-1,
Xi = 0.375 × Hl = 0.375 × 34 × 12 = 153 in
use Equation E.6.1.2.1-3, Xc = {1-([cosh(3.67/ DH) -1]/[(3.67/ DH)× sinh(3.67/ DH)])} × Hl
= { 1-([cosh(3.67/1.472) -1]/[(3.67/1.472) × sinh(3.67/1.472)])} × 34 × 12 = 269.339 in
Ringwall Moment Vertical, Mrw, vertical = Ai × (Wi × X i + Ws × Hs/2+ Wr × Hs) = 27564.88 kip-in
Ringwall Moment Horizontal, Mrw, horizontal = Vc × Xc = 8073.887 kip-in
Ringwall Moment, Mrw = (Mrw, vertical2+ Mrw, horizontal2)0.5 = 28722.994 kip-in
Since DH = 1.472 > 1.333, Slab Moment Impulsive Fluid Height per Equation E.6.2.2-1
Xis = 0.375 × [1+1.333 × (0.866 × DH/tanh(0.866 × DH) -1] × Hl
= 0.375 × [1+1.333 × (0.866 × 1.472/tanh(0.866 × 1.472) -1] × 34 × 12 = 253.098 in
Slab Moment Convective Fluid Height per Equation E.6.1.2.2-3
Xcs = [1-(cosh(3.67 / DH) -1.937)/((3.67 / DH) × sinh(3.67 / DH))] × Hl

STAAD Foundation Advanced 604 Verification Manual

Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

= [1-(cosh(3.67 / 1.472)-1.937)/((3.67 / 1.472) × sinh(3.67 / 1.472))] × 34 × 12 = 294.858 in

Slab Moment Vertical, Ms, vertical = Ai × (Wi × Xis + W s × Hs/2+ Wr × Hs) = 42301.83 kip-in
Slab Moment Horizontal, Ms, horizontal = Vc × Xcs = 8838.859 kip-in
Slab Moment, Ms = (Ms, vertical2+ Ms, horizontal2)0.5 = 45168.12 kip-in

Table 166: Seismic Load Calculation

Impulsive Product Seismic Weight (W i ) 2794.477 2794.477 kip

Convective Product Seismic Weight (W c ) 1391.305 1391.305 kip

Impulsive Component Base Shear (V i ) 176.273 176.273 kip

Convective Component Base Shear (V c ) 29.977 29.977 kip

Total Design Base Shear (V) 178.804 178.804 kip

Impulsive Fluid Force Height (X i ) 153 153 in

Convective Fluid Force Height (X c ) 269.339 269.339 in

Ringwall Moment (M rw ) 28722.994 28722.994 kip-in

Table 167: Overturning Effect of Seismic Force

Slab Moment Impulsive Fluid Height (X is ) 253.098 253.098 in

Slab Moment Convective Fluid Height (X 294.858 294.858 in

cs )

Slab Moment (M s ) 45168.120 45168.120 kip-in

Per ref. 1, E 6.1.3

Vertical Seismic Force Coefficient, Av = max(0.14 × SDS, 0.67 × Ai) = 0.04
Axial Force Due to Internal Pressure, Wp_oper = p oper × × ((Di + 2Tavg)/2)2 = 283.097 kip
Wp_test = ptest × × ((Di + 2Tavg)/2)2 = 283.097 kip
Internal Pressure Around the Perimeter, wp_oper = W p_oper /( × (Di + 2Tavg)) = 0.15 kip/in
wp_test = W p_test /( × (Di + 2Tavg)) = 0.15 kip/in

STAAD Foundation Advanced 605 Verification Manual

Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

Table 168: Allowable Stress Design Factors - Service Level

101 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - 1.00 - - - - -

102 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 - - - - - - -

103 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - - 0.40 - - - 1.00 -

104 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - 0.40 - - - 1.00 -

105 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - 0.40 - - - - 1.00 -

106 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 0.40 - - - - 1.00 -

107 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 0.40 - - - 1.00 - -

108 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 0.40 - - 1.00 - - -

109 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - 1.00 - - - 0.40 - -

110 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - 1.00 - - 0.40 - - -

111 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 - - - 0.40 - -

112 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 - - 0.40 - - -

113 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - 0.40 - 0.10 - - 1.00

114 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - - - - 0.10 - - 1.00

Table 169: Ultimate Stress Design Factors

201 1.00 1.00 1.40 - - - 0.56 - - - - -

202 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.40 - - 0.56 - - - - -

203 1.00 1.00 1.20 - - 0.64 0.48 - 0.50 1.60 - -

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Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

204 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 - 0.64 0.48 - 0.50 1.60 - -

205 1.00 1.00 1.20 - - - - - 1.60 1.00 - -

206 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 - - - - 1.60 1.00 - -

207 1.00 1.00 1.20 - - - - - 0.50 1.00 1.60 -

208 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 - - - - 0.50 1.00 1.60 -

209 1.00 1.00 1.20 - - - - - 0.20 1.00 - 1.00

210 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 - - - - 0.20 1.00 - 1.00

211 1.00 1.00 0.90 - - - 0.64 - - - 1.60 -

212 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 - - 0.64 - - - 1.60 -

213 1.00 1.00 0.90 - - - 0.64 - - - - 1.00

214 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 - - 0.64 - - - - 1.00

215 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 0.90 - 0.64 - - - 1.60 -

Applied Loads At Top of Ringwall Calculation:

LC 113: Axial = Wdead + Ws + Wr + W f + W t_oper + 0.4 × Wp_oper + 0.1 × Wsnow
= 162.61 + 4166 + 0.4 × 283.097 + 0.1 × 39.368 = 4445.783 kip
Shear = Total Design base shear = 178.8 kip
Moment = Ringwall Moment = 28,722.994 kip - in

Table 170: Applied Loads at Top of Ringwall - Service Level

101 -4611.705 0 0

102 -4328.608 0 0

103 -275.8465 0 0

104 -4441.847 0 0

105 -162.6078 0 0

STAAD Foundation Advanced 607 Verification Manual

Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

106 -4328.608 0 0

107 -4328.608 0 0

108 -4367.976 0 0

109 -162.6078 0 0

110 -178.355 0 0

111 -4328.608 0 0

112 -4344.355 0 0

113 -4445.783 178.804 28722.994

114 -4332.545 178.804 28722.994

Table 171: Applied Loads at Top of Ringwall - Strength Level

201 386.185 0 0

202 6153.54 0 0

203 350.700 0 0

204 5317.378 0 0

205 258.118 0 0

206 5224.797 0 0

207 214.813 0 0

208 5181.492 178.804 28722.994

209 203.003 178.804 28722.994

210 5169.681 0 0

211 327.529 0 0

212 4093.19 178.804 28722.994

213 327.529 178.804 28722.994

214 4093.19 0 0

STAAD Foundation Advanced 608 Verification Manual

Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

Available Freeboard Height, FB = Hs - Hl = 24 in

Af = K × SD1 × Ieq (4 / Tc 2) = 0.042 (Ref. 1, E.7.2-3)
δs = 0.5 × Di × A f = 12.589 in
FR = 0.7 δs= 8.81 in < FB (Ref. 1, E.7.2-3), OK

Governing Load Case No for Tank Stability: 114

Tank shell and roof weight per unit length, wt = (Ws + W r)/( × (Di + 2Tavg)) = 0.065 kip/in
Per ref. 1, E.6.2.1.2-1
Anchor resistance, WAB = 1.273Mrw/(Di + 2Tavg)2-wt(1-0.4 × Av) = 0.0373
Per ref. 1, E6.2.1.2-2 Anchor Bolts Tension Force, PAB
PAB = W AB( × (Di + 2Tavg)/n) = 4.693 kip

For dead load case:

Pressure due to internal pressure = 0.001 kip/in2
Pressure due to operating content pressure = 4 × Wt_oper / ( × Di2) = 0.0147 kip/in2
Pressure due to floor = 4 × Wf / ( × Di2) = 0.00011 kip/in2
SBint_dl = 0.001 + 0.0147 + 0.00011 = 0.0158 kip/in2
For Seismic load case:
Bearing capacity can increase by 1/3 due to seismic and wind load combination.
SBint_eq = SBint_dl × (1+0.4 × Av) / 1.33 = 0.0121 kip/in2
Governing Internal Soil Bearing 0.0158 kip/in2 < SBC, OK

Distance from tank shell to inside edge of ringwall, L = Fw/2 - e = 1 ft = 12 in

For dead load case:
Pressure due to internal pressure = 0.001 × L / Fw = 0.0004 kip/in2
Pressure due to operating content pressure = (4 × Wt_oper / ( × Di2)) × (L / Fw) = 0.00589 kip/in2
Pressure due to floor = 4 × Wf / ( × Di2) × (L / Fw) = 0.000044 kip/in2
Pressure due to tank weight = (Ws+Wr+Wdead)/ ( × (Di + 2Tavg) × Fw) = 0.00231 kip/in2
Pressure due to snow = (Wsnow)/ ( × (Di + 2Tavg) × Fw) = 0.000696 kip/in2
Pressure due to ringwall self weight = 0.00365 kip/in2

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Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

Load Combination#: 108

SBring = 0.0 × 0.0004 + 0.00589 + 0.000044 + 0.00231 + 0.000696 + 0.00365 = 0.0126 kip/in 2
Load Combination#: 113
Bearing capacity can increase by 1/3 due to seismic and wind load combination.
Pressure due to Mrw = (1.273Mrw/(Di + 2Tavg)2) / Fw) = 0.00335 kip/in2
SBring_eq = (0.4 × 0.0004 + 0.00589 + 0.000044 + 0.00231 + 0.1 × 0.000696 + 0.00365)
× (1+0.4 × Av) + 0.00335 = 0.0157 kip/in2
0.0157 kip/in2 / 1.333 = 0.0118 kip/in2 < 0.0126 kip/in2
Governing Ringwall Soil Bearing 0.0126 kip/in2 < SBC, OK

Governor load case: 114, check overturning on top of ring wall.

Overturning moment: 45,168.12 kip-in
Resistant moment = 0.5 × 4,332.55 × (1- 0.4 × Av) × 50 × 12 = 1,278,968.76 kip-in
Overturning Safety Ratio = 1,278,968.76/45,168.12 = 28.31

Governor load case: 114, check sliding on top of ring wall.

Total shear: 178.803 kip-in
Resistant shear = μ × 4332.55 × (1- 0.4 × Av) = 1,705.29 kip-in
Sliding Safety Ratio = 1,705.29 /178.803 = 9.54

Per ref. 2, 5.6.3.3, unfactored hoop tension

Th = (Di/2 + Tavg) × Fh × k × (Wp + γsoil × Fh/2) = 102.08 kip
Required hoop steel, As_Hoop = 1.6 × Th/(0.9 × fy) = 3.025 in2

Twist moment calculated per ref. 2, 5.6.4.4, figure 5:

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Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

Governor load case: 210

Twist Moment Lever Arms, x-bar 1 = 3 in
Twist Moment Lever Arms, x-bar 2 = 9 in
Pressure due to internal pressure = 0.001 × L = 0.012 kip/in
Pressure due to operating content pressure = (4 × Wt_oper / ( × Di2)) × L = 0.177 kip/in
Pressure due to floor = 4 × Wf / ( × Di2) × L = 0.00132 kip/in
Pressure due to tank weight = (Ws+Wr+Wdead)/ ( × (Di + 2Tavg)) = 0.0692 kip/in
Pressure due to snow = (Wsnow)/ ( × (Di + 2Tavg)) = 0.00209 kip/in
Pressure due to Mrw = 1.273Mrw/(Di + 2Tavg)2) = 0.0101 kip/in

STAAD Foundation Advanced 611 Verification Manual

Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

Table 172: Applied Load at Top of Pedestal - Strength Level

Tank shell & roof 0.0692 1.0 3 0.208

Snow 0.00209 0.2 3 0.00125

Total P t 0.0696 3

Fluid Content 0.177 1.2 9 1.912

Tank Floor 0.00132 1.0 9 0.0119

Internal Pressure 0.012 0 9 0

Total W p 0.214 9

Seismic from OTM 0.101 1.0 3 0.303

Vertical Seismic 0.4 × Av × Pt = 1.0 3 0.0033

Acceleration Applied 0.0011
to P t

Vertical Seismic 0.4 × Av × Wp = 1.0 9 0.031

Acceleration Applied 0.00341
to W p

Total MT = 2.47 kip-in/in

Per ref. 2, 5.6.4.6, design moment, Mu = MT × (D i / 2 + Tavg - L+ Fw / 2) = 749 kip-in
Concrete cover, cc =3 in
Effective depth, d = Fh - cc - 1.5 × rebar dia. = 38.19 in
Rn = Mu/(ϕ × Fh × d 2) = 0.019

Steel Ratio, ρ =
0.85 × f c
fy (
× 1- 1-
2 × Rn
0.85 × f c ) = 0.00032

Twist steel required, As_req_twist = 0.00032 × Fw × d = 0.363 in2

Per ref. 4, 10.5.1, As_min_twist1 = max(200/fy, (3 × ( f c)0.5)/fy) × Fw × d = 3.825 in2

Per ref. 4, 10.5.3, As_min_twist = min(1.33 × As_req_twist, As_min_twist1) × Fw × d = 0.484 in2
Per ref. 2, 5.6.4.5, twist steel is required for both top and bottom of ringwall foundation.
Use As_twist = 0.484 in2
Per ref. 2, 5.6.6.1b, minimum horizontal steel ratio to gross area is 0.002
As_min_horizontal = 0.002 × Fh × F w = 2.52 in2

STAAD Foundation Advanced 612 Verification Manual

Plant Foundations
Tank Foundation Design 1

As_twist + As_Hoop = 4.00 in2

Provide 5#5 on top and 6#5 on bottom of the ringwall. Provide 2#5 on middle of ringwall. Total rebar
provided for horizontal reinforcement is 14#5.
Per ref. 2, 5.6.6.1a, minimum vertical steel ratio to gross area is 0.0012
As_min_vertical = 0.0012 × 12 × Fw = 0.432 in 2/ft
Provide #4 @ 11 in two legged stirrups

Internal Soil Bearing, dead 0.0158 0.016 none

load case (ksi)

Internal Soil Bearing, 0.0121 0.012 none

seismic load case (ksi)

Ringwall Soil Bearing, 0.0126 0.0124 1.6%

(ksi)

Overturning Check 28.31 28.35 negligible

Sliding Check 9.54 9.54 none

Hoop Tension (kip) 102.08 101.91 negligible

Hoop Steel (in2) 3.025 3.02 negligible

Twist Moment (kip-in) 749 743.3 negligible

Twist Steel (in2) 0.484 0.482 negligible

STAAD Foundation Advanced 613 Verification Manual