FAMILY BACKGROUND EDUCATION

EARLY EDUCATION
Birth Date: June 19, 1861 ➢ First teachers hired by his father:
Birth Place: Calamba, Laguna a. Lucas Padua
Father: Francisco Mercado b. Leon Monroy
Mother: Tedora Alonso y Realonda ➢ His mother, Doña Teodora
a. Reader used: El Amigo de los Niños (The Children's Friend)
Siblings: b. The story of the moth taught him a valuable lesson as a young boy.
1. Saturnina Rizal-Hidalgo (1850-1913), she is married to Manuel T. Hidalgo ➢ Uncle Gregorio taught him the value of hard work, to think for
(Tanauan, Batangas) himself, and to observe his surroundings keenly.
2. Paciano Rizal (1851-1930), revolutionary general during the Philippine ➢ Uncle Jose encouraged him to sketch, paint, and make sculptures.
Revolution; a bachelor with his own family. He was married to Severina ➢ Uncle Manuel encouraged him to pursue his physical development.
Decena. He taught Jose swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other sports.
3. Narcisa Rizal-Lopez (1852-1939), she married Antonio Lopez (teacher ➢ His yaya (nanny) told stories of duwendes (dwarves), ghosts, and
from Morong, Rizal) aswangs (evil spirits), of the beautiful Mariang Makiling, and other
4. Olimpia Rizal-Ubaldo (1855-1887), she married Silvestre Ubaldo tales on the beautiful surroundings of his hometown, Calamba.
(telegraph operator from Manila) Stories that awakened the young boy's imagination and creativity.
5. Lucia Rizal-Herbosa (1857-1919), she married Mariano Herbosa ➢ Poems written:
(Calamba) a. Sa Aking Mga Kabata
6. Maria Rizal-Cruz (1859-1945), m. Daniel Faustino Cruz (Biñan, Laguna) b. Un Recuerdo de Mi Pueblo (A Memory of My Town, a poem
7. José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (1861-1896) about Calamba)
8. Concepcion Rizal (1862-1865), died at the age of 3
9. Josefa Rizal (1865-1945), head of the women chapter of the Katipunan; SECONDARY EDUCATION
died unmarried Place: Biñan, Laguna
10. Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951), member of the Katipunan; died unmarried Teacher: Justianiano Aquino Cruz
11. Soledad Rizal-Quintero (1870-1929), m. Pantaleon Quintero (Calamba) ➢ Jose Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal as an eleven-year-old.
➢ His close friendship with Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, S.J. inspired
• The execution of Rizal - On December 30, 1896, about 7:00 a.m. in the the young student.
Bagumbayan. Some poems written under the guidance of Fr. Sanchez:
• The Tragedy of St. Eustace
A timeline of the education and major events of Jose Rizal: • In the Memory of My Town
• 1861 - Birth of Jose Rizal • Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
• 1872-1877 - Student at Ateneo • Through Education Motherland Receives Enlightenment
• 1877-1878 - Student at UST ➢ Fr. Jose Villaclara, S.J. encouraged him to pay attention also to the
• 1880 - Won the grand prize for El Consejo de los Dios (Council of the sciences and philosophy.
Gods) ➢ In S.Y. 1877-1878, he returned to Ateneo while studying at the
• 1882-1887 - First trip to Europe University of Santo Tomas (UST). He took up a course on land
surveying which was offered then as a vocational course. He
 completed the surveyor's course and was awarded the title perito
agrimensor.
TRIP TO EUROPE
➢ 1882 - Went to Europe
➢ November 3, 1882 - enrolled at the Universidad Central de
➢ Madrid June 21, 1884 - completed his Licenciado en Medicina
➢ November 1885 - Paris, France
➢ 1886 – Germany
• Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3, 1882
• He left for Spain with the blessings of his brother Paciano and his
uncle, Antonio Rivera.
• He secured endorsements from Pedro Paterno.
TRIP TO EUROPE: IN SPAIN
➢ He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3,
1882. He enrolled in the following courses:
• Medicine
• Philosophy and Letters
➢ He took courses at the Academy of San Carlos
• Painting and sculpture
• Languages: French, German, and English
➢ He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and Carbonell
• Shooting
• Fencing
➢ He met an important people named Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate
of freedom and self-determination.
➢ Jose Rizal joined Circulo Hispano Filipino. It was a social organization
where the members talked on the reforms needed in the Philippines.
➢ Jose Rizal joined freemasonry. He became a member and his masonic
name was Dimasalang. Freemasonry was an organization outlawed by
the Catholic Church because its beliefs are contrary to the doctrines of
the Church.
➢ In June 25, 1884, Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for his painting
Spoliarium while Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo took the second place for
his painting Virgines Christianas Expuestas al Populacho (Christian
Virgins Exposed to the Population)
➢ He completed his Licenciado en Medicina on June 21, 1884. He did not
have his Doctorate in Medicine because he did not present the thesis
required for graduation. He can practice medicine with the acquisition
of his degree but he cannot teach medicine.
➢ He finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters and obtained the
degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras with the rating of sobresaliente.
➢ He started writing the novel Noli Me Tangere when he was still a
student at the Central University of Madrid. He was inspired to write
after reading Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book is
about the trial and hardship of the black slaves and awakened in him
his inherent love and concern for the afflicted.
➢ He could not afford the printing cost but was saved by his friend,
Maximo Viola. He lent Jose Php 5300, the needed money for the first
2000 copies of the novel.
➢ On March 29, 1887, the novel was printed in Berlin. The first recipients
of the novel were Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
TRIP TO EUROPE: IN PARIS, FRANCE
➢ He arrived in Paris on November 1885.
➢ He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert
➢ Composed songs: Alin Mang Lahi and La Deportacion.
TRIP TO EUROPE: IN GERMANY
➢ On February 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg, an old university town.
➢ He worked to Dr. Otto Becker at the University Eye Hospital.
➢ On August 1886, he arrived in Leipzig.
➢ On October 29, 1886, he arrived in Dresden. He saw the painting of
Raphael, the Sistine Madonna.
➢ He made the final revisions on the novel Noli Me Tangere. On March
29, 1887, the novel was finally printed.
➢ He went to Prague to visit the tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus.
SECOND TRIP TO EUROPE
1. Hongkong
- He was met by Jose Ma. Basa and other Filipinos who were exiled due
to the secularization issue of 1872.
- He studied the Chinese language, Chinese drama and theater, Chinese
cultures, and Chinese values.
2. Japan
- He stayed in Yokohama.
- He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture, theatres, martial
arts, and he visited shrines.
- On the way to the United States, on board a ship, he met Tetcho
Suehiro.
- Suehiro wrote the book Dead Traveler. In his book, he described his
travel from Japan to the US and his association with Jose Rizal.
- He wrote another book, Storm Over the Southern Sea. This is said to
be similar to Rizal's Noli Me Tangere.
3. USA
- The entire boat was quarantined when it docked in San Francisco on
April 28, 1888. The reason given was given because the boat came
from a land where cholera was rampant. In reality, it was because the
boat carried several Chinese coolies and laborers who accepted cheap
labor.
4. Liverpool, England
- He reached Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888. Immediately after his
arrival, he left for London.
- He was met by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, also an exile of 1872. Dr.
Regidor practice law in London.
- His objectives for choosing to live in London were to annotate Antonio
Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a rare Philippine history book
available at the British Museum.
5. Paris
- He continued his research on Philippine history at the Bibliotheque
Nationale or the National Library in Paris.
- He continued to worked on his annotation of Antonio de Morga's
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. He published his annotated version
6. Brussels
- He continued to write El Filibusterismo, his second novel.
- He wrote articles for the La Solidaridad.
- Publication of the El Filibusterismo. Like Noli Me Tangere, money was
very scarce. It was financed by Valentin Ventura.
7. Madrid
- He wrote a poem entitled A Mi Musa (To My Muse)
- Paciano, his elder brother, advised Jose not to return to the Philippines
but he compromised that Jose can return to the East, near enough for
his parents and relatives to visit him but he cannot be disturbed by the
Spaniards. He left for Hong Kong.
8. Hongkong
- Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for his fare to Hong Kong.
- He applied for his license to practice medicine in Hong Kong and this
granted.
- His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez helped him start his practice
in Hong Kong.
- He went to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative place for
displaced Calamba farmers.
La Liga - Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of an organized group of
Filipinos toward the attainment of the liberty of the people of the
Philippines.
➢ He was ordered exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga.
➢ Animal species named after Jose Rizal:
• Racophorous rizali (a frog) • Apogonia rizali (a beetle)
➢ Poems written while he was in Dapitan:
• El Canto del Viajero (The Song of the Traveler)
• A Ricardo Carnicero
➢ Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Jose Rizal on world events. He
suggested that Rizal volunteer his services to the Spanish government
and join forces as a doctor in Cuba as a means to end his exile.
➢ Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco granted Jose Rizal's request. On July 30, 1896,
he was granted a safe conduct pass. Rizal returned to Manila on board
the steamer España.
➢ He was arrested while cruising the Mediterranean Sea. He was
imprisoned in Barcelona, Spain and was immediately deported back to
Manila.
➢ In Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. He was tried on the
charges of rebellion, sedition, and illegal association. He was guilty and
was sentenced to death through a firing squad on December 30, 1896.