Present simple

always true - 3 and 2 make five.

To describe things that are

To speak about permanent situations - I live in Madrid.

Habits and routines - She plays basketball every Friday.

Future plans/schedules - Our plane leaves at 7pm.

+ - ?
I am hungry I am not hungry Am I hungry?
You are happy You are not happy Are you happy?
To be

He is at work He is not at work Is he at work?

She is a doctor She is not a doctor Is she a doctor?
It is loud It is not loud Is it loud?
We are early We are not early Are we early?
You are small You are not small Are you small?
They are quiet They are not quiet Are they quiet?

*is not = isn't / are not = aren't / am not can't be contracted.

+ - ?
I like fashion don't like fashion Do I like fashion?
Other verbs

I
You like eggs Do you like cookies?
You don't like eggs
He likes golf Does he like golf?
He doesn't like golf

She likes tea She doesn't like tea Does she like tea?
It likes playing It doesn't like playing Does it like playing?
We like sushi We don't like sushi Do we like sushi?
You like salad You don't like salad Do you like salad?
They like music They don't like music Do they like music?

*don't = do not / doesn't = does not.

@itsteachermery 1
 Present simple
Wh- questions

do I

When do you

Where does he/she/it

study English?
Why do we

How
do you

do they

What do/does ... study?

Who studies English?

Frequency adverbs

% Adverb Example

100 Always I always watch TV at night.

90 Usually You usually study after class.

80 Normally/generally He normally passes his exams.

70 Often/frequently She often runs in the morning.

50 Sometimes It sometimes rains in Paris.

30 Occasionally We occasionally eat pizza for dinner.

10 Seldom You seldom visit your family.

5 Hardly ever/rarely You rarely get ill.

0 Never They never arrive late to class.

Verb to be: subject + to be + adverb - He is always tired.

Other verbs: subject + adverb + verb - She always walks to school.

@itsteachermery 2
 Present simple
3rd person spelling rules

He work s in the morning

Most verbs simply add -s
She lives in New York

Add -es for verbs that end in -s, es her family

She miss

-sh, -ch, x or o. He watches TV at night

She boxes on Mondays

He goes to the gym

If the verb ends in consonant + He studies biology

y, we change the y for an i + es. She never cries

If the verb ends in vowel + y, we He plays tennis

only add -s. She enjoys cooking

Irregular plurals
To be - is He is very smart
To have - has She has a sister.

@itsteachermery 3
Present continuous
To talk about something happening now - I am reading this.
To speak about temporary situations - I am living in Madrid now.

Temporary habits - He is feeling very tired these days.

Annoying habits - She is always taking my laptop without asking!
Definite future plans - We are going to the zoo tomorrow.

+ -
Iam cook ing am not
I cook ing
You are listening You are not listening

He is watching He is not watching

She is playing She is not playing

It is eating It is not eating

We are going We are not going

You are sleeping You are not sleeping

They are talking They are not talking

? ?
Am I cook ing? Yes, Iam No, I am not
Are you listening? Yes, you are No, you aren't

Is he watching? Yes, he is No, he isn't

Is she playing? Yes, she is No, she isn't

Is it eating? Yes, it is No, it isn't

Are we going? Yes, we are No, we aren't

Are you sleeping? Yes, you are No, you aren't

Are they talking? Yes, they are No, they aren't

@itsteachermery 4
 Past Moment of speaking Future

Present continuous

Present indicators Future indicators

At the moment Tomorrow

Now Next week, next month...

These days In 2023

-ing spelling rules

General rule - add -ing to the ending of a verb eat - eating

Verbs ending in consonant + E- remove 'e' and dance - dancing

add -ing write - writing

One syllable verbs ending in cons + vowel + cons - cut - cutting

duplicate the last consonant before adding -ing stop - stopping

Two or more syllable verbs with final syllable not begin - beginning

stressed - the last consonant is doubled. forget - forgetting

Two or more syllable verbs with a stressed final snow - snowing

syllable - the last consonant is not doubled.

Verbs ending in IE - remove the "ie" and add -ying. die - dying

Verbs ending in W, X or Y - do not double the last snow - snowing

consonant before adding -ing play - playing

@itsteachermery 5
 Past simple
To describecompleted actions - I studied Maths yesterday.
Past actions that have now finished - He lived in Italy in 2003.
Repeated actions in the past - She went home every weekend.
Actions taking place one after the other - She came in, sat down
and turned on the tv.

Actions taking place in the middle of another action - While I was

in the shower, the doorbell rang.

+ - ?
I was I wasn't Was I?
You were You weren't Were you?
To be

He was He wasn't Was he?

She was She wasn't Was she?
It was It wasn't Was it?
We were We weren't Were we?
You were You weren't Were you?
They were They weren't Were they?

+ - ?
I played I didn't play Did I play?
Other verbs

You played You didn't play Did you play?

He played He didn't play Did he play?
She played She didn't play Did she play?
It played It didn't play Did it play?
We played We didn't play Did we play?
You played You didn't play Did you play?
They played They didn't play Did they play?

*didn't = did not

@itsteachermery 6
 Past indicators

Last Ago Yesterday

last night 5 minutes ago yesterday
last week 1 hour ago yesterday evening
last month 3 days ago yesterday night
last year 2 weeks ago the day before

last Friday 4 years ago yesterday

There are two types of verbs in English: regular and irregular.

Let's take a look at them:

REGULAR VERBS

We simply need to add -ed to the verb.

General rule - add -ed play - play ed

Verbs that end in -e, add -d only. love - lov ed

One syllable verbs ending in cons + vowel + cons - stop - stopped

duplicate the last consonant before adding -ed rob - robbed

Verbs ending in consonant + y - change the "y" for study - stud ied
"i" before adding -ed. try - tried

Verbs ending in vowel + y - only add -ed. enjoy - enjoy ed

Two or more syllable verbs with a stressed final tted

admit - admi

syllable and ending with a single consonant - permit - permitted

double the consonant before adding -ed. commit - committed

@itsteachermery 7
 IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive Past P. Participle Infinitive Past P. Participle

Be Was/were Been Dream Dreamt/ed Dreamt/ed

Beat Beat Beaten Drink Drank Drunk

Become Became Become Drive Drove Driven

Begin Began Begun Eat Ate Eaten

Bend Bent Bent Fall Fell Fallen

Bet Bet Bet Feed Fed Fed

Bite Bit Bitten Feel Felt Felt

Bleed Bled Bled Fight Fought Fought

Blow Blew Blown Find Found Found

Break Broke Broken Fly Flew Flown

Bring Brought Brought Forget Forgot Forgotten

Build Built Built Forgive Forgave Forgiven

Buy Bought Bought Freeze Froze Frozen

Catch Caught Caught Get Got Got

Choose Chose Chosen Give Gave Given

Come Came Come Go Went Gone

Cost Cost Cost Grow Grew Grown

Cut Cut Cut Have Had Had

Do Did Done Hear Heard Heard

Draw Drew Drawn Hide Hid Hidden

@itsteachermery 8
 IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive Past P. Participle Infinitive Past P. Participle

Hit Hit Hit Sell Sold Sold

Hold Held Held Send Sent Sent

Hurt Hurt Hurt Sit Sat Sat

Keep Kept Kept Sleep Slept Slept

Know Knew Known Speak Spoke Spoken

Lay Laid Laid Spend Spent Spent

Lead Led Led Take Took Taken

Leave Left Left Teach Taught Taught

Lend Lent Lent Tell Told Told

Lose Lost Lost Think Thought Thought

Make Made Made Understand Understood Understood

Mean Meant Meant Wake Woke Woken

Meet Met Met Wear Wore Worn

Pay Paid Paid Win Won Won

Put Put Put Write Wrote Written

Read Read Read

Rise Rose Risen

Run Ran Run

Say Said Said

See Saw Seen

@itsteachermery 9
 Past continuous
Past habits - He was always crying when he was a baby.
Simultaneous actions - I was studying while my brother was
watching a film.

Providebackground information - The sun was shining.

Length of an action - I was studying for my exam all day.

+ -
I was cook ing Iwas not cook ing
You were listening You were not listening

He was watching He was not watching

She was playing She was not playing

It was eating It was not eating

We were going We were not going

You were sleeping You were not sleeping

They were talking They were not talking

? ?
Was I cook ing? Yes, I was No, I was not
Were you listening? Yes, you were No, you weren't

Was he watching? Yes, he was No, he wasn't

Was she playing? Yes, she was No, she wasn't

Was it eating? Yes, it was No, it wasn't

Were we going? Yes, we were No, we weren't

Were you sleeping? Yes, you were No, you weren't

Were they talking? Yes, they were No, they weren't

@itsteachermery 10