Lesson Plan in Basic Calculus

CONTENT: Basic Calculus

CONTENT STANDARD: The learners demonstrate understanding of the basic

concepts of limit and continuity of a function.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner shall be able to formulate and solve

accurately real– life problems involving
continuity of functions.

LEARNING COMPETENCY: The learner:

1. illustrates the limit laws. (STEM_BC11LC – IIIa – 3)

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
 Recognize the basic limit laws.
 Use the limit laws to evaluate the limit of a function.
 Use the limit laws to evaluate the limit of a polynomial or
rational function.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Illustration of Limit Laws
Materials: Ms PowerPoint presentation, laptop
Reference: Basic-Calculus_Q3-M2.pdf
basiccalculus_q3_mod2_limitlaws_final.pdf
https://openstax.org/books/calculus-volume-1/pages/2-3-the-
limit-laws

III. PROCEDURE
A. Routinary Matters
1. Greetings

B. Priming Activities
Pre Test:
Calculate the limits of the following functions. Write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. lim (3)
x →1

a. 3 b. 5 c. 4 d. 2

2. lim ( 4 x)
x →2

a. 3 b. 8 c. 6 d. 7

2
3. lim ( x +2)
x →3

a. 15 b. 12 c. 13 d. 11

4. lim [ ( x )( x +3 ) ]
x→ 4
 a. 24 b. 25 c. 27 d. 28

5. lim
x→ 4
( 2−x
x +1
)
2 1 3 1
a. b. c. d.
3 2 4 3

C. Lesson Proper

Limit Laws
 used as alternative ways in solving the limit of a function without
using table of values and graphs.
In the following statements, c is a constant, and f and g are functions
which may or may not have c in their domains. We also assume that the
limits of f and g both exist as x approaches c and that they are L and M,
respectively. In other words, lim f (x )=L and lim g ( x )=M .
x →c x →c

1. Constant Rule. If k is any constant, then lim

x →c
k=k
Examples:

a. lim
x →0
4=4 lim 4=4
c. x→−3

lim 4=4 lim 4=4

b. x→
1 d. x→−
5
2 4

2. Identity Rule. lim

x →c
x=c

Examples:

a. lim
x →5
x=5 lim x=−1
c. x→−1

2
b. lim2 x= 3 d. lim
x →0
x=0
x→
3

3. Constant Multiple Rule. If k is any constant, then

lim [k∗f ( x ) ]=¿ k lim f (x)=k∗L¿

x →c x→c

Examples:
a. If lim f (x )=3 , then lim [4∗f ( x )]=4 lim f ( x ) =4∗3=12
x →c x →c x→ c

1 −2∗1
b. If lim f (x )= , then lim [ −2∗f ( x ) ] =−2 lim f ( x )= =−1
x →c 2 x →c x→c 2

4. Sum Rule. lim [f ( x ) + g ( x )]=lim f ( x )+ lim g(x )=L+ M

x →c x →c x→ c
 Examples:

 If lim f (x )=1 and lim g ( x )=−3, then

x →c x →c
lim [f ( x ) + g ( x )]=¿ lim f ( x )+ lim g ( x )=1+(−3)=−2 ¿
x →c x →c x→ c

5. Difference Rule. lim [f ( x )−g ( x ) ]=lim f ( x )−lim g ( x )=L−M

x →c x→c x→c

Examples:

 If lim f (x )=1 and lim g ( x )=−3, then

x →c x →c

lim [f ( x )−g ( x ) ]=¿ lim f ( x )−lim g ( x )=1−(−3)=4 ¿

x →c x→c x→c

6. Product Rule.lim [f ( x )∗g ( x ) ]=lim f ( x )∗lim g ( x )=L∗M

x →c x→c x→ c

Examples:

 If lim f (x )=1 and lim g ( x )=−3, then

x →c x →c

lim [f ( x )∗g ( x ) ]=¿ lim f ( x )∗lim g ( x )=1∗(−3)=−3 ¿

x →c x→c x→ c

Note:
 The Sum, Difference, and Product Rules may be applied to sums,
differences, and products of more than two functions.
 The Constant Multiple Rule is a special case of the Product Rule.
Indeed, in the Product Rule, if the first function f(x) is a constant
function, the result is the Constant Multiple Rule.

lim f ( x )
f ( x ) x →c L
7. Quotient Rule.lim = = , provided M ≠ 0
x →c g ( x ) lim g ( x ) M
x→c

Examples:

a. If lim f (x )=1 and lim g ( x )=−3, then

x →c x →c

lim f ( x )
f ( x ) x →c 1 −1
lim = = =
x →c g ( x ) lim g ( x ) −3 3
x→c

b. If lim f (x )=2 and lim g ( x )=0, then

x →c x →c

lim f ( x )
f ( x ) x →c 2
lim = = which is not defined.
x →c g ( x ) lim g ( x ) 0
x→c
Therefore, the limit does not exist (DNE)

8. Power Rule. If n is a positive integer, then

 [ ]
n n
lim [ f ( x ) ] = lim f ( x ) =L
n

x →c x→ c

Examples:

If lim f (x )=4, then

x →c

[ ]
2 2
lim [ f ( x ) ] = lim f ( x ) =4 =16
2

x →c x→ c

9. Root Rule. If n is a positive integer, then

√
lim √ f (x )= n lim f (x )=√ L
n n

x →c x→ c

Examples:

a. If lim f (x )=8 , then lim √3 f (x )= 3 lim f (x )=√3 8=2

x →c x →c x→ c
√
b. If lim f ( x )=−4, then lim √ f (x )= lim f (x )=√−4
x →c x →c x→ c
√
which is not a real number. Therefore, the limit does not
exist (DNE).

D. Application:

A. Evaluate the given limits.

1. lim 0 3. lim 6
x→−1 x →0

lim x lim x
2. x→−1 4. x→
1
2

B. Given lim f ( x )=−1 and lim g(x )=5, evaluate the following limits:
x→ C x→ C

⁡ [3∗f ( x ) ]
1. lim x →c ⁡ [f ( x ) g ( x ) ]
4. lim x →c

⁡ [f ( x ) + g ( x ) ] f (x)
2. lim x →c 5. lim ⁡
x →c g( x)

⁡ [f ( x )−g ( x ) ]
3. lim x →c ⁡ √ fIx ¿ ¿
6. lim x →c

IV. EVALUATION:

Solve for the limit of the following items. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of your paper.

⁡ (10)
1. lim x →6

a. 11 b. 10 c. 9 d. 8
 2
⁡ (x −3 x−1)
2. lim x →5

a. 11 b. 10 c. 9 d. 8

( )
2
x −25
3. lim ⁡
x →10 x−5

a. 18 b. 17 c. 16 d. 15

⁡ [ ( x−4 ) ( x+ 6 ) ]
4. lim x →3

a. – 8 b. 9 c. – 9 d. 8

⁡ √ x+3
5. lim x →−3

a. 1 b. 3 c. 0 d. 2

V. ASSIGNMENT:

Evaluate the limit of lim ⁡

x →25
( √x−25
x−5
). Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Prepared by:

Checked by:

SHERRA MAE A. BAGOOD

SHS Teacher II TITO G. VALDE
School Principal IV

ANGELITA V. VILLARIN
Head Teacher III