Trigeminal Nerve

A Quick Overview
Learning Objectives

 Proforma of describing a Cranial Nerve

 Introduction & Peculiarities
 Nuclear Origin & Functional Components
 Course & Relations
 Branches & Distribution
 Clinical Anatomy
Introduction

 Fifth Cranial Nerve: CN V

 Mixed, predominantly Sensory
 Motor fibres to all muscles of the First
Pharyngeal Arch
 General and Special interoceptive and
exteroceptive Sensory Innervation of
i. Face
ii. Teeth
iii. Most of tongue
iv. Nose
v. Paranasal sinuses
 Embryological correlation
Peculiarities

 Largest cranial nerve

 Sensory ganglion within cranial cavity
 First order neuronal cell bodies within the CNS
 Associated with all Peripheral Parasympathetic
Ganglia
Nuclear Origin

1. SVE (Branchiomotor): Motor Nu. of

Trigeminal
2. GSA:
i. Spinal
ii. Principal
iii. Mesencephalic Nu. of Trigeminal
 Functional Components

1. SVE (Branchiomotor): Motor Nu. of

Trigeminal
I. First Pharyngeal Arch: 8 muscles
2. GSA: Sensory Nu. Of Trigeminal
I. General Exteroception:
a. Pain, temperatures- Sp. Nu.
b. Touch Pressure- Principal
Sensory
II. General Interoception:
a. Proprioception-
Mesencephalic Nu.
Course

1. Nucleus
2. Fibres
3. Nerve
4. Foramen
5. Ganglion
6. HNF
Proforma of a Nucleus

 Location & Extent

 Afferents
 Efferents
 Clinical Anatomy
Course

I. INTRACRANIAL
INTRADURAL
II. INTRACRANIAL
EXTRADURAL
III. EXTRACRANIAL
Course

I. INTRACRANIAL
INTRADURAL
II. INTRACRANIAL
EXTRADURAL
III. EXTRACRANIAL
Course INTRACRANIAL INTRADURAL

• Relations of Nucleus
• Relations of Fibres
Course INTRACRANIAL EXTRADURAL

1. Roots
2. Trunk
3. The Trigeminal Ganglion
4. Branches
 Course INTRACRANIAL EXTRADURAL

1. Roots
a) Motor
b) Sensory
2. Ganglion
a) Location
b) Shape
3. Branches
a) V1 - SOF
b) V2 – f. Rotundum
c) V3 – f. Ovale
Course INTRACRANIAL EXTRADURAL

ROOTS
1. Via two roots
2. From the ventro-lateral
aspect of upper Pons
3. Just medial to the MCP
Course INTRACRANIAL EXTRADURAL

TRIGEMINAL GANGLION (TGG) (Gasserian ganglion)

1. Sensory root ends as TGG in trigeminal cave
2. Motor root continues as is towards f. Ovale
Course INTRACRANIAL EXTRADURAL
The Cavernous Sinus
 Course INTRACRANIAL EXTRADURAL

The Trigeminal
Ganglion & its
branches
1. Ophthalmic
2. Maxillary
3. Mandibular
 Course EXTRACRANIAL
Mandibular nerve

Trunk

1. Relations
i. MP
ii. TVP
iii. Otic
ganglion
Distribution
Distribution

Ophthalmic nerve
Distribution

Maxillary nerve
Distribution

Mandibular nerve
Clinical Anatomy

 Brainfreeze
 Tic doloreux Trigeminal
neuralgia
 Herpes simplex
 Dissociated sensory loss
 Loss of Corneal Reflex
 Loss of Jaw Reflex
 Testing the Massetter and
Temporalis
Thank you