Lecture 1- distributions

descriptive statistics about describing data

· -

- on average a spanish women is 1 63m tall

.

(whioskowanie)
·

inferential statistics -

making an inference from the sample to a population

picking collecting data
a few
cat population >
-
cat sample inference
to cat population

data kinds data dimensions

·

height (in cm) ·

constructs vs operationalizations
·
annual income (in E ·
discrete Vs continuous variables
·
smoker . non
vs smoker ·
different measurement levels
pet (cat , dog hamster)
·

support for Trump (scale -5 >

-
5)

constructs whether or relationship between them

not there is a

Operationalizations intelligence is operationalized with an1Q test

discrete variables cannot be a value between 1-2

how
many pets do you have ?
continuous variables can take value between two values
any
income , height etc
.

the nominal scale the ordinal scall

·
named categories (dog cat) ,
·
ranked name categories (1st , 2nd , 3rd ...
)
·
no quantitative distinction between them ·
no equal distance between ranks
(cat is not more than a
dog) ·
no zero !
·
no zero

interval scale the rotio scale

·

equally sized intervals between values ·

interval Scale-zero !
·
each unit has the same size Labsolute zero
·

1-6 C
°
and 21-26 C have the some
°
difference ↳ distance
°
no real zero > O C is not
nothing
-

>
-
can have the value of zero

but isn't the real Zero

Representing data
·

frequency distribution table

grouped frequency distributions for continuous dater

·
-

proportion :
·

p = frequences of the population/some

e

percentage
p= F
. 100

histogram
X-axis -
number of options
Y-axis - the frequency/proportions/percentage