ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER - (FRONT PAGE TITLE)

The Renaissance style in France took 75 years to take root than Italy. It may be divided into 3
periods:

THE EARLY PERIOD (1494-1589) or 16th century.

- Gothic and Renaissance features combined.

The special character of this transitional period lies in the combination of Gothic and
Renaissance features to form a picturesque ensemble, while in Italy, a return to classic forms
took place, In France there was a period of transition, during which Renaissance details were
grafted onto such Gothic features as flying buttresses and pinnacles.

ST. EUSTACHE, PARIS

St. Eustache, Paris planned like a five-aisled medieval church with apsidal end, high roofs,
window tracery flying buttress, pinnacles and deeply-recessed portals, all clothed with
Renaissance details.

In Italy the principal buildings were erected in towns as palaces for Popes, prelates and nobles;
while the principal buildings in France were castles in the country round Paris and on the Loire
for the King and his courtiers.
CLASSICAL PERIOD (1589-1715) or 17th century
- Notable dignity, sobriety and masculine quality of buildings.

The period is notable for the dignity, sobriety and masculine quality of its foremost buildings,
resulting from the subordination of plan, composition, detail of the unity of the whole, the
charity, and simplicity with which the elements were used. Orna- ment, though somewhat
coarse, is vigorous and reasonably restrained.

In the earlier part of the period brick is much favored as a building material, usually in
conjunction with stone or stucco used for 'quoins' and dressings and for 'chaines' which in lieu
of pilasters, rise vertically between the string-moldings and cornice so as to form wall-panels;
These often having central framed ornaments or niches or being in- filled with patterned
brickwork.

PLACE DES VOSGES, PARIS

The Place des Vosges was built in 1605 by Henri IV and at the time called Place Royale. This was
the great age of Renaissance Architecture in France.
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
- Steel buildings, iron materials, glass, the usage of concrete sand and gravel for
construction.

Modern architecture emerged at the end of the 19th century from revolutions in technology,
engineering, and building materials, and from a desire to break away from historical architectural
styles and to invent something that was purely functional and new.

Framed Structure
A framed structure in any material is one that is made stable by a skeleton that is able to stand
by itself as a rigid structure without depending on floors or walls to resist deformation. Materials
such as wood, steel, and reinforced concrete, which are strong in both tension and
compression, make the best members for framing. Masonry skeletons, which cannot be made
rigid without walls, are not frames. The heavy timber frame, in which large posts, spaced
relatively far apart, support thick floor and roof beams, was the commonest type of construction
in eastern Asia and northern Europe from prehistoric times to the mid-19th century.

EIFFEL TOWER, PARIS

The Eiffel Tower remains to be the best example of the iron-made changes even now.