KOLEHIYO NG PANTUKAN Ref. No.

: VPRE-TPF-01
Status : Initial
Juan A. Sarenas Campus,
Pantukan, Compostela Valley Province Date Issued: May 2016

TITLE PROPOSAL FORM

(QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH)

TITLE OF THE STUDY: Effect of improve illumination towards fear reduction in

Barangay Magnaga

Variables of the Study:

Independent Variable: Effect of improve illumination

Indicators:
1. Brightness
2. Uniformity

Dependent Variables: Fear reduction in Barangay Magnaga

Indicators:
1. Confidence
2. Self-Regulation

Moderator Variable: (if there’s any)__________________

Statement of Problem:

1. Level of effectiveness of improve illumination in terms of:

1.1. Brightness
1.2. Uniformity

2. Fear reduction effect in Barangay Magnaga in terms of:

2.1 Confidence
2.2 Self-Regulation

3. Is there a significant relationship between Improve illumination and fear reduction

Independent Variable: Prospect and Refuge Theory (Appleton, 1975), posits that
environmental preferences are influenced by the interplay of two psychological needs:
prospect (the ability to see and survey one's surroundings) and refuge (the availability of safe
and sheltered spaces). In this framework, brightness in an environment enhances the prospect
aspect by providing individuals with better visibility and a sense of control over their
surroundings. Meanwhile, uniformity of lighting contributes to the prospect aspect by
reducing shadows and hidden areas, fostering a sense of safety and control (Appleton, 1975).

Dependent Variable: In the process of fear reduction, individuals with higher self-efficacy
beliefs, reflecting their confidence in managing fear, and strong self-regulation skills,
enabling effective goal-setting, planning, and adaptive adjustment, are more likely to confront
and gradually reduce their fear responses when faced with fear-inducing situations (Bandura,
1977).

Theory for relation: Improved illumination reduces fear of crime because it physically
improves the environment and alters public perceptions of it. People sense that a well-lit
environment is less dangerous than one that is dark (Warr, 1990).
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Indicator: Indicator:
1.Brightness 1. Confidence
2. Uniformity 2. Self-regulation