Machine Tools

MEE 342
 Drilling

&

Other Workshop Processes

Learning objectives

• Describe workshop processes

• Explain the various types of workshop

processes
1. Drilling & Other Workshop Processes
1. Workshop Processes

• Workshop processes refer to the methods and

techniques used in a workshop t create and
repair objects
1. Drilling & Other Workshop Processes
1.1 Drilling Process

• Drilling is a machining process used to create a

circular cross section hole in a work part
1. Cont…

• Drilling is done by forcing a rotating twist drill

into a stationary job as on a drilling machine
or by forcing stationary drill in a rotating
workpeiece as on a lathe or milling machine.
1. Cont…
1.1.1 Basic Parts of a Drilling Machine
• A drilling machine consists of the following parts:-
V Belt
Pulley

Drill head

Arm Electric Motor

Spindle

Colum/pillar
Chuck Chuck key

Work table

Base Rack and Pinion

Mechanism
1. Cont…
1.1.2 Classification of Drilling Machines

a) Based on construction or structure, drilling

machines can be classified as;

 Portable, Sensitive, Radial, Up right,

Gang, Multiple spindle, Automatic and
Deep hole

b) Based on feed type drilling machines can be

classified as;

 Hand/manual driven
 Power/automatic driven
1. Cont…
1) Portable drilling machine
• small and compact machine tools
• drills small holes up to 12 mm diameter in
large work piece.
• feed is applied manually by hand
1. Cont…
2) Sensitive Drilling Machine
• These are small
machines designed for
drilling holes at high
speed in light work
pieces.
• Equipped with a hand
feed mechanism, which
enables the operator to
“feel” how the drill is
cutting and to control the
down feed.
• Categories:-
• Bench mounted
• Floor mounted Holes of diameter 1 mm to 15 mm
5
1. Cont…
3) Upright Drilling Machine

• These are similar to

sensitive drilling machines
except that they are
equipped with gearbox for
speed control.
• Spindle may be advanced
to the work piece by:
• hand lever
• hand wheel, and or
• automatically fed
• Categories:-
• Round column or
Pillar drilling machine
• Floor mounted 5
1. Cont…
4) Radial Drilling Machine

 Radial drilling machines allows

distance between the drill chuck
and the pedestal / vertical
column to easily be adjusted.
 Depending on the different
movements of horizontal arm,
table and drill head, this
machine can be classified as;
 Plain radial drilling machine
 Semi universal drilling
machine, and
 Universal drilling machine

5
Holes up to 7.5 cm
1. Cont…

Drilling Reaming Counter Boring Spot Counter

Tapping
Facing Sinking
1. Cont…

1.2 Shaping Process

• Shaping is a workshop
machining process which
is used to obtain a flat
smooth surface
• The machine used in this
process is called a shaper
or a planner
1. Cont…
Shaping Operations

• The basic shaping operations includes:

 Horizontal Cutting: It is the

most common operation on
shaping machine in which the
work is fed in a horizontal
direction under the reciprocating
tool and the surface produced is
horizontal and flat.
 Vertical Cutting: The tool is fed
down wards in vertical cutting o
produce grooves, key-ways,
tongues, parting off and squaring
ends and shoulders
1. Cont…
1.3 Milling Process

• Milling is the cutting operation that removes metal by

feeding the work against a rotating, cutter having
single or multiple cutting edges.
1. Cont…
1) Common Types of and Parts of Milling Machines

Horizontal Knee milling machine

Vertical Knee milling machine
cutters are mounted in the spindle cutters are mounted on a
perpendicular to the work table horizontal arbor across the table
1. Cont…
Operations Performed on a Milling Machine

• The basic operations performed on a milling machine

includes:

 Periphery milling

 Face milling
1. Cont.…
1.4 Turning Cutting Process

• Turning is a machining process which removes

excess material from the work piece by rotating
the work piece against a single-point cutting tool.
Basic Parts of Lathe Machine
1.1 Cont…
Lathe machine Operations

 Parting
 Turning

 Tapper turning  Knurling

 Facing  Drilling
 Chamfering  Boring
 Grooving
 Reaming

 Threading
TURNING

process – reducing the diameter of W/p

Cutting tool - Turning tool
Tool type- Single point cutting tool
Feed- Longitudinal feed
TAPER TURNING
 FACING

process – Reducing the length of W/p

Cutting tool - Turning tool / Facing tool
Tool type- Single point cutting tool
Feed- Cross feed
KNURLING

Process – metal forming operation used to produce a

regular crosshatched pattern in the w/p
Cutting tool – Knurling tool
Tool type- Multi-point cutting tool
Feed- Longitudinal feed
Acknowledgements

1. Kesavan. R. Machine Tools, Laxmi Publications,

2010

2. Sharma. P.C. Testbook of Machine Tools and Tool

Design, Chand & Co 2005, ISBN 13: 9788121923620)

3. Machine Tools – C Elanchezhian and M. Vijayan,

Anuradha Publications
THE
END