Computer
A computer is an electronic data processing machine of device that perform processes Calculation
and operations based on instructions provided by a program
Evolution of computers
The evolution of computers is generally divided in three eras
Mechanical Era(Dark
Age)
in mechanical era human
successful to make simple
machine that could help
performing simple arithmetic
operation
a) Napier’s
bones(1612ad)
It was small machine that
contain ten rods the rod made
up of bones bone s was used
for multiplication and division
b) Abacus(3000bc)
Abacus is till mused to teach
basic arithmetic operating to
the student abacus is
considered as first computer
prototype
c) Slide
rule(1622AD)
This was a basically a pair of
two moveable rules placed
side by side these scales were
Electro-Mechanical Electronical Era(Modern
Era( Middle Age) Age)
In this era the true computer was
To develop faster and invented which worked on the
more accurate principal of input store process and
Computing machines they output continuous advancement in
were powered by steam electronic engineering increased
and electricity efficiency and speed of computer
considerably
a) Herman a) First generation of
Hollerith’s computers91940to1956
tabulating This generation was based on
machine vacuum tube this generation computer
used machine language (ie 1s and
1890 machine census o0s)magnetic drums
data took only six months Computers of this genertatio0n was
to compile which was primly used for scientific and research
very fast as compare as purpose electronic purpose electronic
to previous us census on numerical interrogator and calculator
1880 which took 7 years (ENIAC)universal automatic ca
to be complete computer UNIVAC) are example of
first generation of computer
b) Second generation of
computer(1956to1971)
Second Generation was based on
transistor and used are language
called FORTRAN or magnetic core
was used as primary internal storage
these computer were used in the field
of scientific and engineering
ieIMB7094and imb1401
c) Third generation of
computer(1964to1971)
The third generation was also base on
also high level l programing language
like Cobol were used keyboard
used for mathematically monitor introduced as a computer
computing component ie IMB360andIMB370
d) Pascaline or d) Fourth generation of
pascals computer(1971to
calculator(1642ad) present)
Fourth generation of computer
He develop thus machine to introduced microprocessor and these
help tax collector can perform computer also used high level
addition and subtraction by language c,c++,java etc.
eight figures
e) Leibniz’s e) Fifth generation of
calculator(1694 computer(present
ad) beyond)
Fifth generation of computer has
Wilhelm Leibniz,s it was also ability of self-learning they act like AI
called stepped Reckonoer it robot and understand human
was a first calculator that language
could perform all four basic
arithmetic operations addition
subtraction multiplication and
division
f) Babbage’s
difference and
analytical
engines(1822
and1837 )
He was known as father of
computer the proposed design
included an ALU with basic
programming flow control