Chapter 1 - Introduction to Electronic Communication

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A transducer is any device that converts one form of energy into
a readable signal. Many transducers have an input that is then
converted to a proportional electrical signal. Common inputs in-
clude energy, torque, light, force, position, acceleration, and other
physical properties.

What are Transducers? They are usually made up of

• Oscillators
• Filters
• Amplifiers
• Modulators
• Tuned Circuits
• Frequency Mixers
• Pair of Wires
What are some examples of Communication Channels using
• Coaxial Cables
Electrical Conductors?
• Twisted-Pair cables
What does SONAR stand for? Sound Navigation and Ranging
• Passive Sonars
What are the 2 types of Sonars?
• Active Sonars
They listen for under-water sounds with sensitive hydrophones
How do Passive Sonars work?
underwater.
They use an echo-reflecting technique similar to that used in radar
How do Active Sonars work?
for determining how far away an object is and in what direction.
Power Line Communications or carrier current transmission is
What are PLC's? using AC power lines to transmit signals by super imposing them
on the power line.
A transceiver is an electronic device that is a combination of a
radio transmitter and a receiver, hence the name. It can both trans-
What are Transceivers?
mit and receive radio waves using an antenna, for communication
purposes.
An inevitable part of transmission where signal degradation oc-
What is attenuation?
curs.
Attenuation is proportional to the square of the distance between
What is the relationship between attenuation and distance?
the receiver and receiver
"Any media also slows signal propagation to a speed slower than
that of light"
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE?
In communication systems, noise is an error or undesired random
What is Noise and how is measured
disturbance of a useful information signal.
Signal-to Noise Ration (SNR) in decibels (dB)

In what unit is Noise measured?

What does a high SNR indicate? Good performance against noise

The Simplest way in which communication is conducted in
one-way communications e.g. Radio, TV broadcasting, Remotely
Controlled Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV).
What is Simplex communication?

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 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Electronic Communication
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Communication where two nodes talking to each other are able to
send and receive data at the same time e.g. Telephones

What is Full Duplex Commincation?

A form of two way communication where only one party transmits

at a time while the other listens e.g. Family Radios, Citizen Band
(CB), (Fire, Police, Aircraft and Military Communications)

What is Half Duplex Communication?

A smooth continuous varying voltage or current, examples are

Sine waves, voice and video signals.

What are Analog Signals?

They are signals that vary in steps or discrete increments, most

use Binary or Two-state codes

What are Digital Signals?

Modulation makes the information signal more suitable/ compati-

Why do we need Modulation?
ble with the medium.
Multiplexing allows for more than one signal to be transmitted
Why is Multiplexing needed?
concurrently over a single medium.
Baseband Transmission is a signalling technology that sends dig-
What is Baseband Transmission?
ital signals over a single frequency as discrete electrical pulses.
Baseband signals are not usually used to modulate high frequen-
cy signals called carriers.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE
Yes sends signals consist both electric and magnetic fields they
Do High-Frequency Carriers radiate into space more efficiently
can travel through long distances and are referred to as radio
than baseband signals? and Why?
frequency waves

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 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Electronic Communication
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Broadband Transmission is a signalling technology that sends
signals simultaneously over a range of different frequencies as
What is Broadband transmission?
electromagnetic waves. The bandwidth of a broadband system
can usually carry multiple, simultaneous data signals.
• Amplitude
In how many ways can baseband signals be made to vary the
• Frequency
carrier sine wave and what are they?
• Phase Angle
A multiplexer converts the individual baseband signal to a com-
How does multiplexing work?
posite signal that is used to modulate a carrier in the transmitter.
What are the 3 Types of Multiplexing? • Frequency Division
• Time Division
HINT: FCT • Code Division

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