LIGHTING - REFERS TO THE DELIBERATE USE OF LIGHT TO ACHIEVE

PRACTICAL OR AESTHETIC EFFECTS. IT ENCOMPASSES BOTH ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES LIKE

LAMPS AND FIXTURES, AS WELL AS NATURAL ILLUMINATION CAPTURED THROUGH WINDOWS
AND SKYLIGHTS.

CANDLEPOWER (ABBREVIATED AS CP OR CP): AN OUTDATED UNIT OF

MEASUREMENT FOR LUMINOUS INTENSITY. IT EXPRESSES LEVELS OF LIGHT INTENSITY RELATIVE
TO THE LIGHT EMITTED BY A CANDLE OF SPECIFIC SIZE AND CONSTITUENTS. THE HISTORICAL
CANDLEPOWER IS EQUAL TO 0.981 CANDELAS. IN MODERN USAGE, CANDLEPOWER IS
SOMETIMES USED AS A SYNONYM FOR CANDELA.

CANDELA (CD): THE MODERN SI UNIT FOR LUMINOUS INTENSITY. IT MEASURES

THE LUMINOUS POWER PER UNIT SOLID ANGLE EMITTED BY A LIGHT SOURCE IN A PARTICULAR
DIRECTION.

LUMEN (LM): THE SI UNIT FOR LUMINOUS FLUX. IT QUANTIFIES THE PERCEIVED POWER
OF VISIBLE LIGHT EMITTED BY A SOURCE.

ILLUMINATION: REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT FALLS ON A SURFACE

PER UNIT AREA. IT IS TYPICALLY MEASURED IN UNITS OF LUX OR FOOT-CANDLES.

FOOTCANDLE (FC): A NON-SI UNIT OF ILLUMINANCE. IT REPRESENTS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT

REACHING A SURFACE FROM A SOURCE LOCATED ONE FOOT AWAY.

DIRECT TRANSMISSION: REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT PASSES THROUGH A

MEDIUM WITHOUT BEING SCATTERED OR ABSORBED.

DIFFUSE TRANSMISSION: REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT PASSES THROUGH A

MEDIUM AFTER BEING SCATTERED OR ABSORBED.

REFRACTION: THE BENDING OF LIGHT AS IT PASSES FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER

WITH DIFFERENT OPTICAL PROPERTIES, SUCH AS FROM AIR TO WATER OR FROM WATER TO
GLASS.
FOOTLAMBERT (FL): A UNIT OF BRIGHTNESS OR LUMINANCE. IT MEASURES THE
AMOUNT OF LIGHT REFLECTED FROM A SURFACE.

BRIGHTNESS: REFERS TO THE PERCEIVED INTENSITY OF LIGHT, WHICH CAN BE

AFFECTED BY FACTORS SUCH AS LUMINANCE, CONTRAST, AND ADAPTATION.

GLARE: EXCESSIVE BRIGHTNESS OR CONTRAST THAT CAUSES DISCOMFORT OR

REDUCES VISIBILITY.

WORK STATION: AN AREA WHERE WORK IS PERFORMED, SUCH AS A DESK OR

TABLE.

WORK PLANE: THE HORIZONTAL SURFACE WHERE WORK TASKS OCCUR, SUCH AS
A DESK OR TABLE TOP. PROPER LIGHTING ENSURES OPTIMAL VISIBILITY.

PRIMARY SOURCE: THE MAIN LIGHT FIXTURE PROVIDING GENERAL ILLUMINATION IN A

SPACE.

SECONDARY SOURCE: ADDITIONAL LIGHT FIXTURES USED FOR SPECIFIC TASKS OR

ACCENT LIGHTING.

LUMINAIRE: AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE THAT CONTAINS ONE OR MORE LAMPS AND

DISTRIBUTES, FILTERS, OR TRANSFORMS THEIR LIGHT OUTPUT.

REFLECTOR: AN OPTICAL DEVICE THAT REFLECTS LIGHT IN A SPECIFIC DIRECTION,

OFTEN USED TO DIRECT LIGHT FROM A LAMP TOWARD A WORK PLANE OR OTHER SURFACE.

REFRACTOR: AN OPTICAL DEVICE THAT REFRACTS (BENDS) LIGHT IN A SPECIFIC

DIRECTION, OFTEN USED TO DIRECT LIGHT FROM A LAMP TOWARD A WORK PLANE OR OTHER
SURFACE.
 THREE TYPES OF LIGHTING

1. GENERAL LIGHTING (AMBIENT LIGHTING): GENERAL LIGHTING SERVES AS

THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF LIGHT FOR A ROOM. IT PROVIDES OVERALL ILLUMINATION,
ALLOWING YOU TO NAVIGATE AND PERFORM BASIC TASKS. IT ENSURES A WELL-LIT
ENVIRONMENT, MAKING THE ENTIRE SPACE FUNCTIONAL AND COMFORTABLE.
2. TASK LIGHTING: TASK LIGHTING IS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO
ILLUMINATE A PARTICULAR AREA OR PERFORM A SPECIFIC TASK. IT FOCUSES ON
FUNCTIONALITY AND PRACTICALITY. IT ENHANCES VISIBILITY FOR ACTIVITIES SUCH AS
READING, COOKING, OR WORKING.
3. ACCENT LIGHTING: ACCENT LIGHTING HIGHLIGHTS SPECIFIC
FEATURES, OBJECTS, OR ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS WITHIN A ROOM. IT ADDS DRAMA AND
VISUAL INTEREST. IT CREATES FOCAL POINTS, EMPHASIZES ARTWORK, OR SHOWCASES
DECORATIVE ELEMENTS.

NATURAL LIGHTING NATURAL LIGHTING REFERS TO THE

ILLUMINATION PROVIDED BY SUNLIGHT DURING THE DAY. IT ENTERS THROUGH WINDOWS,
SKYLIGHTS, OR OTHER OPENINGS. IT CONNECTS INDOOR SPACES WITH THE OUTDOORS,
ENHANCES WELL-BEING, AND REDUCES RELIANCE ON ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING.