Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

ACTIVITY SHEET IN SCIENCE

Grade: 8 Week: 5 Quarter: 3

I. Objective: Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a particular atom.

II. Presentation of the Lesson:

The Idea of atom was conceived by the ancient Greek philosophers, they thought that atoms are
indivisible, and it has no parts.

In 460 BC, Democritus develops the idea of atoms he pounded up materials in his pestle and
mortar until he had reduced them to smaller and smaller particles which he called “atoma” (a greek word
for indivisible). Democritus believe that all materials are made up of these particles that are tiny and
indivisible.

Scientists have proven, however, that the atoms is composed of even smaller particles.

In 1808 John Dalton suggested that all matter was made up of tiny spheres that were able to
bounce around with perfect elasticity and called them “atoms”

In 1898 Joseph John Thompson found that atoms could sometimes eject a far smaller negative
particle which he called an “electrons”. In 1904 Thompson develops the idea that an
atom was made up of electrons scattered unevenly within an elastic sphere surrounded
by a soup of positive charge to balance the electron's charge like plums surrounded by
pudding which is known “The Plum Pudding Model”.

In 1910, Ernest
Rutherford oversaw Geiger and Marsden carrying
out his famous experiment. They fired Helium
nuclei at a piece of gold foil which was only a few
atoms thick. They found that although most of
them passed through. About 1 in 10,000 hit, they
found that while most of the helium nuclei passed
through the foil, a small number were deflected
and, to their surprise, some helium nuclei
bounced straight back.
Rutherford’s new evidence allowed him to propose a more detailed model with a central
nucleus. He suggested that the positive charge called “proton” was all in a central
nucleus. With this holding the electrons in place by electrical attraction.

In 1913, Niels Bohr refined Rutherford's idea by adding that the electrons were in
orbits. Rather like planets orbiting the sun. With each orbit
only able to contain a set number of electrons.

In
1932, James
Chadwick bombarded
beryllium atoms with
alpha particles. An unknown radiation was
produced. Chadwick interpreted this radiation as being composed
of particles with a neutral electrical charge and the approximate
mass of a proton. This particle became known as the neutron.

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Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

III. Practice Exercise: Put the following sentences inside the Venn diagram
according to your understanding of the Lesson.

1. Makes up an atom. Proton Electron

2. Found inside the nucleus of an atom.
3. Found outside the Nucleus of an atom.
4. Positively charged.
5. Negatively charged
6. Neutral
7. Have charges.

Neutron

IV. Evaluation: Directions: Read each statement below. Choose the letter of the best answer
that described by each statement inside the box below. Each letter may be used once, more
than once, or not at all.
A. -1 E. electron cloud
B. 0 F. neutron
C. +1 G. nucleus
D. electron H. proton

_____ 1. It has a neutral charge.

_____ 2. It has a charge that would repel an electron.

_____ 3. It has a positive charge and found in the nucleus.

_____ 4. It moves randomly around the nucleus of an atom.

_____ 5. This is where the negatively-charged particle can be found.

_____ 6. This subatomic particle determines the identity of the atom.

_____ 7. This subatomic particle has a charge that attracts an electron.

_____ 8. An atom with 3 protons & 2 electrons will have this overall charge.

_____ 9. This is the region of the atom where almost all of the atoms mass is located.

_____ 10. Other than the answer to #3 it is another subatomic particle found in the nucleus.

Prepared by:
Mervin Ereve
Sto. Niño IS
Mmk

Address: City Hall Compound, Cabid-an, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon

Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON CITY

Address: City Hall Compound, Cabid-an, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon

Telephone No. (056) 311-2445
Email Address: sorsogon.city@deped.gov.ph “Reach, Shine, Build a LEGACY”
Website: depedsorsogoncity.ml