Perpetual Help College of Manila

Senior High School Department

General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

General Mathematics Reviewer 2. What is the composite function g(f(x)) and

Final Examination g(f (3)) if f(x) = x2 – 2x and g(x) = 5x

I. Composition of Functions
Solution: Find (g ̊ f)(x) = g(f(x))
Given the two functions f and g, the composite
function denoted by f ̊ g, is the function defined by (g ̊ f)(x) = g(f(x)) Use the correct denotation
(f ̊ g) (x) = f(g(x)). (g ̊ f)(x) = 5(x2 – 2x) Substitute

Similarly, we define (g ̊ f) (x) as follows: (g ̊ f)(x) = 5x2 – 10x Evaluate/Simplify

(g ̊ f) (x) = g(f(x)) (g ̊ f)(x) = 5x2 – 10x Final Answer

Examples:
Solution: Find (g ̊ f)(3) = g(f(3))
1. What is the composite function f(g(x)) and
(g ̊ f)(3) = g(f(3)) Use the correct denotation
f(g(2)) if f(x) = x2 – 2x and g(x) = 5x
(g ̊ f)(3) = 5(3)2 – 10(3) Substitute 3 from final answer

(g ̊ f)(3) = 5(9) – 30 Evaluate/Simplify

Solution: Find (f ̊ g)(x) = f(g(x))
(g ̊ f)(3) = 15 Final Answer
(f ̊ g)(x) = f(g(x)) Use the correct denotation
(f ̊ g)(x) = (5x)2 – 2(5x) Substitute
II. Solving Rational Equations
(f ̊ g)(x) = 25x2 – 10x Evaluate/Simplify
A rational equation is an equation in which one or
(f ̊ g)(x) = 25x2 – 10x Final Answer
more of the terms is a rational expression.

Solution: Find (f ̊ g)(2) = f(g(2))

Examples of Rational Equations
(f ̊ g)(2) = f(g(2)) Use the correct denotation
𝟒𝒙 𝟒𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝒙+𝟐 𝟐
(f ̊ g)(2) = 25(2)2 – 10(2) Substitute 2 from final answer 0= = = 2x +
𝟑𝒙+𝟏 𝟑 𝟐𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙
(f ̊ g)(2) = 25(4) – 20 Evaluate/Simplify
(f ̊ g)(2) = 80 Final Answer
 Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

Take note of this: Solution:

Multiply the LCD
SOLVING RATIONAL EQUATIONS
The LCD of x, 3, and 4 is 12x LCD
1. Find the LCD or Least Common
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Denominator of the given equation. (12x) + (12x) = (12x) Multiply LCD on
𝒙 𝟑 𝟒
2. Multiply the LCD on each side (each every term of the
term) of the given equation. equation
3. Simplify the equation, then check.
12 + 4x = 3x Cancel common
terms
Examples:
4x – 3x = -12 Simplify
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1. Solve + = x = -12 Answer
𝒙 𝟑 𝟒

Find the LCD

• Get the denominator of the given Checking
equation. The denominators are x, 3 and
4. If x = -12
• Get the multiples; 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
x: x + = Rewrite the given equation
𝒙 𝟑 𝟒
3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, …
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, … −𝟏𝟐
+ =
𝟑 𝟒
Substitute the value
• Get the least common multiple of the
−𝟏+𝟒 𝟏
numbers in the denominator. = Simplify
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
• 12 is the least common for 3 and 4. Since
𝟑 𝟏
x is not a number, just multiply it by 12 = Make fractions into lowest forms
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
(lcm of 3&4).
𝟏 𝟏
= Solution set
The LCD of x, 3, and 4 is 12x. 𝟒 𝟒

Note:
Another way to get the LCD of a given Set Notation: ⸫ {x:x = -12}
rational equation is simply multiplying all the
denominators. Therefore, the solution is the set of x such that x
is equal to -12.
 Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

𝟐𝒙 𝟓
2. Solve =2-
𝒙+𝟏 𝟐𝒙
4x2 = 4x2 – x – 5 Simplify
Find the LCD
4x2 – 4x2 = - x – 5
• Get the denominator of the given
equation. The denominators are x+1, and 0=-x–5
2x. x = -5 Solve for x
• Get the factors;
x+1: (1) (x+1)
2x: (2)(x) Checking
• Since there is no common factor on the
given denominators, multiply all the If x = -5
factors. 𝟐𝒙 𝟓
=2- Rewrite the given equation
𝒙+𝟏 𝟐𝒙
The LCD of x+1 and 2x is (2x) (x+1) or 2x2 +
2x 𝟐(−𝟓) 𝟓
=2- Substitute the value
(−𝟓)+𝟏 𝟐(−𝟓)

Note: −𝟏𝟎 𝟓
=2- Simplify
Another way to get the LCD of a given −𝟒 −𝟏𝟎
rational equation is simply multiplying all the 𝟓 𝟐𝟎+𝟓
denominators. = Simplify
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟐𝟓
= Make fractions into lowest forms
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
Solution:
𝟓 𝟓
Multiply the LCD = Solution set
𝟐 𝟐

The LCD of x+1 and 2x is (2x) (x+1) LCD

𝟐𝒙 𝟓
[(2x)(x+1) = (2x)(x+1) 2 - (2x)(x+1)] Set Notation: ⸫ {x:x = -5}
𝒙+𝟏 𝟐𝒙
Multiply LCD on every term of the equation Therefore, the solution is the set of x such that x
2x(2x) = 2(2x2 + 2x) – 5(x+1) Cancel common
is equal to -5.
terms

4x2 = 4x2 + 4x – 5x - 5 Simplify

4x2 = 4x2 – x - 5
 Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

𝒙 𝟐 𝟓 Solution:
3. Solve + =
𝒙+𝟐 𝑥 2 +𝟓𝒙+𝟔 𝒙+𝟑
Multiply the LCD
Find the LCD The LCD of x+2, x+2 and x2+5x+6 is (x+2) (x+3) or x2
• Get the denominator of the given + 5x + 6.
equation. The denominators are x+2, LCD
x+3, and x2+5x+6.
𝒙 𝟐 𝟓
• Get the factors; [(x+2) (x+3) + (x+2) (x+3) = (x+2) (x+3)]
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝟓𝒙+𝟔 𝒙+𝟑
x+2: (1) (x+2)
x+2: (1) (x+3) Multiply LCD on every term of the equation
x2+5x+6: (x+2) (x+3) x(x+3) + 2 = 5(x+2) Cancel common terms
• Get the common factor/s of the
denominator. The common factor/s x2 + 3x + 2 = 5x + 10 Simplify
is/are (x+2) (x+3) or (x2+5x+6). x2 - 2x – 8 = 0 Quadratic Equation
2
The LCD of x+2, x+2 and x +5x+6 is
(x+2) (x+3) or x2 + 5x + 6.
Since we produced a quadratic equation, we can
use factoring (if factorable) or quadratic
Note:
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Another way to get the LCD of a given formula x = in finding solution for
2𝑎
rational equation is simply multiplying all the the given equation.
denominators.
In addition, if the denominator/s of the x2 - 2x – 8 = 0 Factor the equation
given rational equations has been repeated or
they are both the same, we will count it as one (x + 2) (x – 4) = 0 Factors
factor only. For instance, the denominators are x+2=0 x–4=0 Equate both factors to
x+1, x+2, and x+1, the LCD will be (x+1)
(x+2) only, not (x+1) (x+2) (x+1) since x+1 x=-2 x=4 zero to get the value of x
has been repeated twice.
x = -2 and x = 4 Answer
 Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

• Observe the value of x’s III. Solving Rational Inequalities

• If we do checking and substitute x = -2
A rational inequality is an inequality in which
to the given equation.
𝒙 𝟐 𝟓
one or more of the terms is a rational
+ = expression.
(−𝟐)+𝟐 (−2)2 +𝟓(−𝟐)+𝟔 (−𝟐)+𝟑
• We find that x cannot be equal to -2, Examples of Rational Inequalities
because a zero denominator results.
𝟒𝒙 𝟒𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝒙+𝟐 𝟐
• Since -2 cannot be a solution, the only 0< ≥ ≤ 2x +
𝟑𝒙+𝟏 𝟑 𝟐𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙
possible solution is x = 4.
• In addition, value/s of x that makes the
denominator equal to zero is called Solving Rational Inequality
“extraneous solution”. 1. Write in the form of < 0.
𝑝
𝑞
• Extraneous solution is a solution that is
2. Simplify the left side to make a single
not valid or does not solve the original
fraction.
equation. It makes the rational equation
3. Equate the numerator and denominator
undefined.
to ZERO to find the critical number/s.
Checking: If x = 4 4. Place the critical number/s on the
𝒙 𝟐 𝟓
number line, then test the points.
+ = Rewrite the given
𝒙+𝟐 𝑥 2 +𝟓𝒙+𝟔 𝒙+𝟑
6
𝟒 𝟐 𝟓 1. Solve < 2
𝑥
(𝟒)+𝟐
+ (4+2) = Substitute the value
(𝟒+𝟑) 𝟒+𝟑
𝑝
𝟒 𝟐 𝟓 Write in the form of < 0.
+ = Simplify 𝑞
𝟔 (𝟔)(𝟕) 𝟕
6 6
𝟐 𝟏 𝟓
<2→ –2<0
𝑥 𝑥
+ = Simplify
𝟑 𝟐𝟏 𝟕
𝟏𝟒+𝟏 𝟓 Simplify the left side to make a single fraction
= Make fractions into lowest forms
𝟐𝟏 𝟕
6 6−2𝑥
𝟏𝟓 𝟓 –2<0→ <0
= 𝑥 𝑥
𝟐𝟏 𝟕
𝟓 𝟓
= Solution set Simplified Rational Inequality or S.R.I.
𝟕 𝟕
6−2𝑥
Set Notation: ⸫ {x:x = 4} 𝑥
<0

Therefore, the solution is the set of x such that x

is equal to 4.
 Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

Equate the numerator and denominator to ZERO Place the critical number/s on the number line.
to get the critical number/s.
6−2𝑥
<0
𝑥
Choose a test value in each interval in step 4
Numerator: Denominator:
6 – 2x = 0 x=0
2x = 6
2𝑥 6
=
2 2

x=3
Construct a table and substitute the test values
to determine the sign of the entire interval.
The critical number/s are 0 and 3.
NOTE:
hollow circle/hollow sign – it means the
solution is not included.
solid/shaded circle – it means the solution is
included.
( ) parenthesis – not part of the solution.
[ ] bracket – part of the solution.
U - union, or. Let’s go back to our SRI, it says that the
resulting number on the left side must be < 0.
Let’s try to substitute the critical numbers in the So, it will be negative numbers since these are
simplified rational inequality or SRI. the numbers that are less than 0. Thus, let’s look
6−2(3) 6−6 0 at the last column on the sign table we created.
If x = 3, <0→ <0→ <0→0<0
3 3 3 Since the resulting answer/s must be less than
If x = 0,
6−2(0)
<0→
6−0 6
<0→ <0→2<0 zero, we will just be focusing on the box that
3 3 3 has a negative sign. Therefore, the union of the
We can see that the answers are 0 < 0 and 2 < 0 intervals (-∞,0) and (3, ∞) will be our answer.
and it is a false statement. Therefore, x = 3 and
x = 0 are not part of the solution since it doesn’t 6−2𝑥
⸫ The solution of < 0 is the set {x:x < 0 U
satisfy the inequality. Hence, in the number 𝑥
line, it’s going to be a hollow circle. x > 3}.
 Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024

3
2. Solve ≤3 We can see that if x = 0, it satisfies the
𝑥+1
inequality. Therefore, x = 0 is part of the
𝑝 solution. Also, if x = -1, we have a function that
Write in the form of < 0. is undefined. Therefore, x = -1 is not part of the
𝑞

3 3 solution. Hence, in the number line, it’s going

≤3→ –3≤0 to be a shaded circle if x = 0 and a hollow circle
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
if x = -1.
Simplify the left side to make a single fraction
Place the critical number/s on the number line.
3 3−3(𝑥+1) 3−3𝑥−1
–3≤0→ ≤0→ ≤0
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1

Simplified Rational Inequality or S.R.I. Choose a test value in each interval in step 4.
−3𝑥
≤0
𝑥+1

Equate the numerator and denominator to Construct a table and substitute the test values
ZERO to get the critical number/s. to determine the sign of the entire interval.
−3𝑥
≤0
𝑥+1

Numerator: Denominator:
-3x = 0 x=0
−3𝑥 0
= x+1–1=0-1
−3 −3

x=0 x = -1 Let’s go back to our SRI, it says that the

resulting number on the left side must be ≤ 0.
So, 0 is included plus the negative numbers.
The critical numbers are -1 and 0. Thus, let’s look at the last column on the sign
table we created. Since the resulting answer/s
Let’s try to substitute the critical numbers on
must be less than or equal to 0, we will just be
the simplified rational inequality or SRI.
focusing on the box that has a negative sign.
−3(0) 0 Therefore, the union of the intervals (-∞,1) and
If x = 0, ≤ 0→ ≤ 0 → 0 ≤ 0 True
0+1 1
[0, ∞) will be our answer.
−3(−1) 4 3
If x = -1, ≤ 0→ ≤ 0 Undefined ⸫ The solution of ≤ 3 is the set {x:x < -1 U
−1+1 0 𝑥+1
x≥0