Annexure II

Micro-project report
Develop a Circuit to Generate FSK
1. Rational
Fsk is the digital modulation technique in which the
frequency of the carrier signal varies according to the
digital signal changes. FSK is a scheme of frequency
modulation.The output of a FSK modulated wave is high in
frequency for a binary High input and is low in frequency
for a binary Low input. The binary 1s and 0s are called
Mark and Space frequencies.

2. Aims/benefits of the micro-project

To Develop a Circuit of FSK

3. Course Outcome achieved

Allows digital information to be transmitted by changes or shifts in
the frequency of a carrier signal

4. Literature review
Binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) and several
implementations of known or estimated frequency
and phase information regarding the received signal.
It discusses the detection algorithms for each of the
knowledge‐based conditions. In each case,
expressions for the theoretical bit‐error probability
are developed that provide a baseline for simulated
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and hardware testing performance evaluations. The

chapter includes several case studies that examine the
performance sensitivities of specific implementations.
The detection of BFSK‐modulated waveforms is
accomplished in several ways without using
complicated frequency acquisition and tracking
algorithms. These techniques involve noncoherent
detection methods wherein the implementation
simplicity is traded for degraded performance

5. Actual Methodology followed

We started our Micro Project with distributing works among the
Group members ,All members started to collect Data/Information
of Frequency shift Keying. We all Cross checked all the
data/information collected from Different sites and Conclude to
make a Report.
Sr No Details of Activity Name of Members
1. Announcement of micro All Included
Project
2. Making of group and topic. All Included
3. Gathering of information of FSK All Included
4. Started of Report Umair

6. Actual resources used

Sr Name of the Resources Specification Qty Remark
no.
1. Wikipedia,Google To collect 01
information
2. Microsoft To make report 01
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7. Output of Micro-Project

The output of FSK is a modulated signal that can be

transmitted over a communication channel. The
modulated signal consists of a carrier signal that has
been frequency shifted according to the digital
information being transmitted. The output of FSK can
be analyzed in the frequency domain to extract the
digital information.
In summary, the output of FSK is a modulated signal
that consists of a series of tones representing different
frequencies. The frequency of the carrier signal is
shifted between two predefined values to represent
the binary data being transmitted. The output signal
can be demodulated using a frequency discriminator
to extract the digital information.

8. Application of this Micro-Project

 FSK is widely used in telecommunications for

transmitting digital data over long distances.
 It is used in modems, satellite communication
systems, and in wireless communication
networks such as Bluetooth
 FSK is used in radio broadcasting to transmit
data such as song titles, weather updates, and
traffic reports.
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 FSK is used in medical devices such as heart

monitors and blood glucose meters to transmit
data wirelessly
 FSK is used in industrial control systems to
transmit digital information between sensors and
control devices.