FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

Roxas City
College of Teacher Education
Accredited Level IV- ACSCU-AAI

A LESSON IN GRAMMAR
1. Nouns are words that name persons, places, things, ideas, or institution.
a. Proper
b. Common
c. Common nouns maybe count or mass nouns
d. Common nouns can be concrete or abstract
e. Collective
f. Compound
g. Possessive
h. Gender
i. Nouns form their plurals in different ways
1. Most nouns form their plural by adding –s.
2. Nouns ending in -s, -ss, -z, -ch, -sh, and x form their plural by adding –es.
3. Many nouns ending in -f or –fe form their plural by changing –f or –fe to –ves.
Life-lives (but there are some exceptions) roof-roofs
4. Nouns ending in –y preceded by a consonant form their plural by changing –y to
–i and adding -es.
5. Nouns ending in –y preceded by a vowel form their plural by adding –s. key-keys
6. Some nouns ending in –o preceded by a consonant form their plural by adding –
es.
hero-heroes
7. Other nouns ending in –o preceded by a vowel form their plural by adding –s.
Radio-radios
8. Some nouns form their plural by changing their form. Child-children
9. Some nouns have the same form in plural. Sheep-sheep
10. Some nouns are plural in form but singular in meaning. Athletics, mumps
11. Some nouns are used only in the plural form. scissors, pliers
12. Some foreign nouns form their plural as in the original language. datum-data,
alumnus-alumni
13. Some nouns taken from foreign languages have English and foreign plurals.
Index-indexes-indices
Formula-formulas-formulae
14. Letters, figures, and signs form their plural by adding –s.
As, Cs, 15s, 30s
15. Compound nouns are two or more words used as one. They form their plural by
adding –s to the most important word.
Brother-in-law-brothers-in- law
Major general-major generals
Forefather-forefathers
16. Add –s to the end of singular nouns ending in –ful.
Cupful-cupfuls, spoonful-spoonfuls
 G. Derived nouns form by adding suffixes to some verbs and adjectives.
Protect-protection arrive-arrival
Nouns maybe in nominative ( subject, direct address and predicate noun) or objective
case ( direct object, indirect object, appositive).
H. Gerund- an –ing form of verb that functions as a noun. It may be used as a subject, direct
object, object of the preposition, appositive or predicate noun.
Reading is a good exercise of the mind.
On his first job, working as a clerk, he earned eighty pesos a month.
He enjoyed dancing with friends.
He was put to death for disobeying the command of the officers.
I. Infinitives- form like a verb but functions as a noun, adjective or adverb.
To record a song is the aim of every composer.
My friend loves to write a poem.

Exercises
Identify each kind of noun. Give all kinds of each.
1. Freedom 9. sand
2. Custom 10. handbook
3. Water 11. faculty
4. People 12. Editor-in-chief
5. Bouquet 13. friendship
6. Mt. Everest 14. panel
7. Appearance 15. school
8. Dinosaur
Write the plural form of each noun.
1. Preacher 9. thief
2. Fox 10. belief
3. Ox 11. ratio
4. Valley 12. echo
5. Quarry 13. Man-of-war
6. Passer-by 14. basis
7. Glassful 15. alumna
8. Alumnus
Form an abstract noun of each word.
1. Timid 6. Child
2. Fail 7. agree
3. Convict 8. leader
4. Fellow 9. loyal
5. Arrange 10. Good

Identify if the italicized word is gerund.

1. She spent her leisure time by listening to music.
2. The students are always wearing their smile to embrace positivity.
3. Moving to another country is quite exciting.
4. Sometimes the best way to relax is listening to music.
5. People are giving their best to attain their aspirations in life.