Percentage

Percentage is a way of expressing a portion of a whole as a fraction of 100. It is a common

way to compare values, understand proportions, and make data more interpretable.
Percentages are used in various fields, including finance, statistics, science, and everyday
life, to convey relative values and simplify comparisons.

Here's how to calculate a percentage step by step with an example:

Step 1: Identify the whole (the total)

First, you need to determine the total or the whole that you are working with. This could be a
quantity, an amount, or a value that you want to express as a percentage of something else.

Step 2: Identify the part (the portion of the whole)

Next, you should identify the specific portion or part of the whole that you want to express as
a percentage. This is the value you are comparing to the total.

Step 3: Calculate the percentage

The formula to calculate a percentage is:

Percentage = (Part/Whole) ×100

In this formula:

• "Part" represents the specific portion of the whole you are interested in.

• "Whole" represents the total or the whole amount.

Step 4: Perform the calculation

Let's say you want to calculate what percentage 25 is of 80. Here's how you would do it step
by step:

• Whole (Total): 80

• Part: 25

Using the formula:

Percentage= (25/80) ×100

1. First, calculate the fraction: 25/80 = 0.3125

2. Then, multiply the fraction by 100 to express it as a percentage:

0.3125×100=31.25
So, 25 is 31.25% of 80.

In summary, percentages are used to express a portion or part of a whole as a fraction of 100.
To calculate a percentage, you divide the part by the whole and then multiply by 100 to get
the percentage value. This is a useful tool for making comparisons and analyzing data in
various contexts.

Part=(Percentage/100) ×Whole
This formula is helpful when you have the total (whole) and want to determine a specific
portion (the part) based on a given percentage.

Let's illustrate this with an example:

Problem: You have 80 candies, and you want to know how many of them are chocolate if
25% of the candies are chocolate.

Solution:

• Whole (total candies): 80 candies

• Percentage (chocolate candies): 25%

Now, use the formula:

Part (chocolate candies) = (25/100) ×80

=0.25×80

=20

So, there are 20 chocolate candies out of the 80 in total.

Whole= Part/ Percentage

This formula is useful when you have a portion (the part) and its corresponding percentage,
and you want to determine the total or the whole from which that part represents a certain
percentage.

Here's an example using the formula:

Problem: If you have 15 apples, and they represent 75% of the total number of apples, how
many apples are there in total?
Solution:

• Part (the 15 apples you have): 15 apples

• Percentage (the percentage they represent): 75%

Now, use the formula:

Whole (total)=Part/Percentage

Whole=15/0.75=20

So, there are 20 apples in total.

Exercise

Problem 1: If you have 40 marbles, and 20% of them are red, how many marbles are red?

Answer 1:

• Step 1: Identify the whole (Total): 40 marbles

• Step 2: Identify the part (Red marbles): 20% of 40 = 0.20 * 40 = 8 marbles

• So, there are 8 red marbles.

Problem 2: A store is offering a 15% discount on a $60 sweater. How much money will you
save?

Answer 2:

• Step 1: Identify the original price (Total): $60

• Step 2: Calculate the discount amount (Part): 15% of $60 = 0.15 * $60 = $9

• So, you will save $9.

Problem 3: In a class of 30 students, 60% are girls. How many students in the class are
boys?

Answer 3:

• Step 1: Identify the total number of students: 30 students

• Step 2: Calculate the number of girls (Part): 60% of 30 = 0.60 * 30 = 18 girls

• Step 3: Calculate the number of boys: Total students - Girls = 30 - 18 = 12 boys

• So, there are 12 boys in the class.

Problem 4: You scored 80% on a test with 50 questions. How many questions did you
answer correctly?

Answer 4:

• Step 1: Identify the total number of questions (Total): 50 questions

• Step 2: Calculate the number of correctly answered questions (Part):

80% of 50 = 0.80 * 50 = 40 questions

• So, you answered 40 questions correctly.

Problem 5: A computer was originally priced at $800, but it's now on sale for 25% off. What
is the sale price of the computer?

Answer 5:

• Step 1: Identify the original price (Total): $800

• Step 2: Calculate the discount amount (Part): 25% of $800 = 0.25 * $800 = $200

• Step 3: Calculate the sale price: Original price - Discount = $800 - $200 = $600

• So, the sale price of the computer is $600.

Problem 6: You have a pizza with 8 slices, and you've eaten 3 slices. What percentage of the
pizza is left?

Answer 6:

• Step 1: Identify the total slices (Total): 8 slices

• Step 2: Calculate the slices eaten (Part): 3 slices

• Step 3: Calculate the slices left: Total slices - Slices eaten = 8 - 3 = 5 slices

• Step 4: Calculate the percentage left: 58×100=62.585×100=62.5

• So, 62.5% of the pizza is left.

Problem 7: At a restaurant, the tip is usually 18% of the total bill. If your bill is $45, how
much should you leave as a tip?

Answer 7:

• Step 1: Identify the total bill (Total): $45

• Step 2: Calculate the tip amount (Part): 18% of $45 = 0.18 * $45 = $8.10

• So, you should leave a tip of $8.10.

Problem 8: In a bag of 100 candies, 30% are chocolate candies. How many candies in the
bag are not chocolate?

Answer 8:

• Step 1: Identify the total number of candies (Total): 100 candies

• Step 2: Calculate the number of chocolate candies (Part): 30% of 100 = 0.30 * 100 =
30 candies

• Step 3: Calculate the number of candies that are not chocolate: Total candies -
Chocolate candies = 100 - 30 = 70 candies

• So, there are 70 candies in the bag that are not chocolate.

Problem 9: You have $120, and you want to save 20% of it. How much money will you put
into your savings?

Answer 9:

• Step 1: Identify the total amount (Total): $120

• Step 2: Calculate the savings amount (Part): 20% of $120 = 0.20 * $120 = $24

• So, you will put $24 into your savings.

Problem 10: A car's price has increased by 10% over the past year. If it originally cost
$20,000, what is its current price?

Answer 10:

• Step 1: Identify the original price (Total): $20,000

• Step 2: Calculate the price increase (Part): 10% of $20,000 = 0.10 * $20,000 = $2,000

• Step 3: Calculate the current price: Original price + Price increase = $20,000 + $2,000
= $22,000

• So, the car's current price is $22,000.