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Pol nomials
CH 2 Ma Ca 10
No e + 10 Yea In eg a ed PYQ'
. adhle.i @ adhle.i

adhle.in
. adhle.i @ adhle.i

adhle.in
 Polynomial

*
Polynomial
The
iscpuession which contains more
one than
or one
more terms with non
zero
-

A have
coefficient is called a
polynomial .

polynomial can
any
number
of terms .

For Ensample at b -15

; ,
>n +
y ,
w t n +
y
-12
,
etc are some
polynomials .

* constant
nahi badalti )
which
stay the same ( Jinki value kabhi
EgKabhi3.u.io
'
-
.
. .

( All these like best ! Tlumesha nahi Badal

woes are
your friends same , te
.

* Variable
the
Which don't
stay log : etc
→
same a c n
y
-
z
, ,
.

, ,

*
Degree of Polynomial
The
highest of the
variables in
polynomial
→
power a .

For Enample The n5 '

degree of plus -17 is

: = n 5
-

* Linear
polynomial
A
polynomial of degree one

x+5
is called a linear
polynomial
For Example :
2x+3
1-
( 2h - T )
,
Ts -15 etc are some linear
polynomial

* Quadratic
Polynomial
A
highest degree of is
having team
polynomial The 2 called
is
quadratic
polynomial quadratic derived
from word
'
.

which quadratic
quadrate In
general
'
means
square .

,
a

polynomials can

and
be
escpeussed in the
form
an 't but c
,

where at o
a. b ,
c are constant .

For
Euample re
quadratic polynomials
'
: -
a
,
a t att
,
etc are some
* Graph Of linear Polynomial
Y
= n t 2 s
irk
4 Y
3
( 1,3)
•

U -
3 -
l O l
( oil • 2

y pln) I 1 2 3
-

c- ' il
- -

.
. i

Graph of
o

polynomial
-
' 2 s a s o >
linear h
-
-
s -
a -
i
a • -
l

C- 3 , t )
straight line which intersect
-

is L -
z

the ascii
n -
at one
point only ,
-
,

so a linear
polynomial has
1
degree
*
Graph of Quadratic
Polynomial
Case when the cuts the asci at the points than these
graph pts
s : x -
2 2

are the 2
zeros of
that
quadratic polynomial .
Case When cuts then 's at
2 :
graph the
only point asci one then
-

that that
particular point
the
is the
yero of quadratic
polynomial and
equation is in the
form of a

perfect square .

y y
5- 5 -

4- 4-
3-
=z2 3-

2-
flu) 2 -

l -
l -

-5 -4 -3 -
2 -

l
I I 2 3 4 5 U -5 -4 -3 -
2 -

l
I I 2 3 a 5 U

NZ
g( )
-2 n = -

-
z

-3 -3

-4 -4
-5 -5

(a) (a)

Case 3 When the does not intersect the ascii at

graph
:
x -

any point i. e .
the
graph is either
completely above the x-axis

below then that

or it .

quadratic polynomial has no zero as it

is not
intersecting the x -
ascii at
any point
.

-2 0 2
4

k r

-4

0
-6
-2 2
4

In the cubic polynomial

* case
of ,

the maximum solutions can be

3 ,
hence it can cut the
x-axis maximum 3 times .
* Division Algorithm for Polynomials
If pint and
glut are
anyand
two
polynomials with
glut to
,
then we can

find polynomials q Int Has such that

Pla)
goal t
q lat ein)
=
e

where elul o or
degree of rink
degree of gin)
-
-
Q Divide the
:

polynomial pint by
each
the
polynomial glut .
Find
qfiut
and remainder in
of the
following .

)
i p ( n) us '
U2
gin)
= -
3 n t 5N - 3 = - 2
,

W -
2 23 -
z wt sa -
z
n -
3 ← Quotient
-
q3 -

2K
+
-
3 NZ + 7n -
3
'
-

3. n I 6

>n -
9 ← Reminder
1. If the sum of zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 3x2 kx + 6 is
3, then find the value of k.
[1M, 2012]

A1. Here a = 3, b = -k, c = 6

S e e e , ( + ) = b/a = 3 ..( e )
⇒ ( )/3 = 3
⇒k=9

2. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = (k2 14)

x2 2x 12 is 1, then find the value of k.
[1M,2017]
2 2
A2. p(x) = (k 14) x 2x 12
Here a = k2 14, b = -2, c = -12
S e e e , ( + ) = 1 [G e ]
⇒ =1
⇒ ( 2)/( 2 14) = 1
⇒ k2 14 = 2
⇒ k2 = 16
⇒ k = ±4

3. I a d a e e e e a a c a + =-
6. a d = 5, e d the polynomial
[1M,2016]
2
A3. Quadratic polynomial is x Sx + P = 0
⇒ x2 (-6)x + 5 = 0
⇒ x2 + 6x + 5 = 0
4. A quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are -4 and -5
[1M,2016]
2
A4. x + 9x + 20 is the required polynomial.

5. The quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose zeroes is -

5 and their product is 6, is.
[1M,2020]
2
A5. x +5x +6

6. Find the value of K, for which one root of the quadratic

equation Kx2 -14x+8 = 0 is 2.
[1M,2018]
A6.4K -28+8 = 0
K=5

7. Find the value(s) of k for which the equation x2 +5Kx + 16 = 0

has real and equal roots.
[1M,2018]
2
A7. For roots to be real and equal, b 4ac = 0
(5K)2 4 × 1 × 16 = 0
K = ± 8/5
8. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial (k 1) x2 + k x +
1 is 3, then the value of k is ?
[NCERT Exemplar]
(i). 4/3
(ii). -4/3
(iii). 2/3
(iv). -2/3

A8. (i). 4/3

9. A quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are 3 and 4, is

[NCERT Exemplar]

(A) x2 x + 12
(B) x2 + x + 12
(C) x2/2 x/2 - 6
(D) 2x2 + 2x 24

A9. (C) x2/2 x/2 - 6

10. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + (a + 1) x + b are

2 and 3, then
[NCERT Exemplar]
(A) a = 7, b = 1
 (B) a = 5, b = 1
(C) a = 2, b = 6
(D) a = 0, b = 6

A10. (D) a = 0, b = 6

11. The number of polynomials having zeroes as 2 and 5

is
[NCERT Exemplar]

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. More than 3

A11. More than 3

12. If one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial x3 + ax2 + bx + c is

-1, then the product of the other two zeroes is
[NCERT Exempler]

(A) b a + 1
(B) b a 1
(C) a b + 1
(D) a b 1
A12.(A) b a + 1
13. The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 99x + 127 are
[NCERT Exemplar]

(A) both positive

(B) both negative
(C) one positive and one negative
(D) both equal

A13. (B) both negative

14. The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + + , 0,

[NCERT Exemplar]

(A) cannot both be positive

(B) cannot both be negative
(C) are always unequal
(D) are always equal

A.14 (A) cannot both be positive

15. If one of the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial of the form x2+

ax + b is the negative of the other, then it
[NCERT Exemplar]

(A) has no linear term and the constant term is negative.

(B) has no linear term and the constant term is positive.
(C) can have a linear term but the constant term is negative.
(D) can have a linear term but the constant term is positive.

A15. (A) has no linear term and the constant term is negative.
16. Which of the following is not the graph of a quadratic
polynomial?
[NCERT Exemplar]

A16. (D)

17. Find the condition that zeroes of polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx +

c are reciprocal of each other.
[2M,2017]

A 17. Le a d 1/ be the zeroes of P(x).

P(a) = ax2 + b + c ( e )
Product of zeroes = ca
⇒ 1/ = c/a
⇒ 1 = c/a
⇒ a = c (Required condition)
Coefficient of x2 = Constant term
18. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose
zeroes are 0 and - 2 e ec e .
[2M,2015]
A18. Quadratic polynomial is
x2 (Sum of zeroes) x + (Product of zeroes)
= x2 (0)x + (- 2)
= x2 2

19. Form a quadratic polynomial e e e ae3+ 2a d3

2.
[2M,2012]

A19. Sum of zeroes,

S = (3 + 2) + (3 2) = 6
Product of zeroes,
P = (3 + 2) (3 2) = (3)2 ( 2)2 = 9 2 = 7
Quadratic polynomial = x2 Sx + P = x2 6x + 7

20. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose

zeroes are 0 and - 2 e ec e
[2M,2019]
A20. Quadratic polynomial is
x2 (Sum of zeroes) x + (Product of zeroes)
= x2 (0)x + (- 2)
= x2 2
21. If one root of the quadratic equation 3x2+px+4=0 is 2/3, then
find the value of p and the other root of the equation.
[3M, 2020]
2
A21. 3x +px+4=0
3(2/3)2+p(2/3)+4=0
4/3+2p/3+4=0
P=-8
3x2 -8x+4=0
3x2 -6x-2x+4=0
x=2/3 or x=2 Hence, x=2

22. T e a d of the quadratic equation x2-5x+3(k-1)

=0 are c a =1. F d e a e of k
.
[3M, 2020]

A22. + =5 ----(1)
- =1 ----(2)
Solving (1) and (2),
e e =3 a d =2
also =6
or 3(k-1) = 6
k-1 = 2
k=3

23. F d e e e e a:5 5
2+30 +8 5
 [3M 2018]

A23. 5 5 2 + 30 + 8 5
= 5 5 2 + 20 + 10 + 8 5
= 5 ( 5 + 4) + 2 5( 5 + 4)
= ( 5 + 4) (5 +2 5)
Zeroes are -4/ 5 and -2 5 / 5

24. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose

zeroes are -8 and 12 respectively. Hence find the
zeroes.
[ 3M, 2014]

A24. Le S e e ( + ) = S = -8 [G e ]
P d c e e ( ) = P = 12 [G e ]
Quadratic polynomial is x2 Sx + P
= x2 (-8)x + 12
= x2 + 8x + 12
= x2 + 6x + 2x + 12
= x(x + 6) + 2(x + 6)
= (x + 2)(x + 6)
Zeroes are:
x + 2 = 0 or x + 6 = 0
x = -2 or x = -6

25. Divide 4x3 + 2x2 + 5x 6 by 2x2 + 1 + 3x and verify the division

algorithm
[4M, 2013]
A25.

Quotient = 2x 2
Remainder = 9x 4
Verification:
Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
= (2x2 + 3x + 1) × (2x 2) + 9x 4
= 4x3 4x2 + 6x2 6x + 2x 2 + 9x 4
= 4x3 + 2x2 + 5x 6
= Dividend

3 2
26. Given that x 5 a ac e a 3 5 5x
+ 15 5, d a e e e e a
[4M,2016]
3 2
A26. Let P(x) = x 3 5 5 + 15 5
x 5 a ac e e a.
Put x = - 5,
 Other zero:
x 3 5=0⇒ =3 5
All the zeroes of P(x) are - 5, 5 a d 3 5.

2 2 2
27. I a d a e e e ( )= + 4x + 4, c a + =
24, find k.
[4M,2019]
2
A27. We have, p(x) = kx + 4x + 4
Here a = k, b = 4, c = 4

⇒ 24k2 = 16 8k
⇒ 24k2 + 8k 16 = 0
⇒ 3k2 + k 2 = 0 [D d b de b 8]
 ⇒ 3k2 + 3k 2k 2 = 0
⇒ 3k(k + 1) 2(k + 1) = 0
⇒ (k + 1)(3k 2) = 0
⇒ k + 1 = 0 or 3k 2 = 0
⇒ k = -1 or k = 2/3

28. If a polynomial 3x4 4x3 16x2 + 15x + 14 is divided by

another polynomial x2 4, the remainder comes out to be px +
q. Find the value of p and q.
[4M, 2016]
A28.

29. Find k so that x2 + 2x + k is a factor of 2x4 + x3 14x2 + 5x + 6.

Also find all the zeroes of the two polynomials.
[NCERT Exemplar]
A29.
 Using division algorithm, we get

Since, (x2 + 2x + k) is a factor of

2x4 + x3 14x2 + 5x + 6
So, remainder should be zero.
⇒ (7k + 21 )x + (2k2 + 8k + 6) = 0-x + 0
⇒ 7k + 21 = 0 and 2k2 + 8k + 6 = 0
⇒ k = -3 or k2 + 4k + 3 = 0
⇒ k2 + 3k + k + 3 = 0
⇒ (k + 1)(k + 3) = 0
⇒ k = -1 or -3
For k = -3, remainder is zero.
∴ The required value of k = -3.
Also, dividend = divisor x quotient + remainder
⇒ 2x4 + x3 14x2 + 5x + 6 = (x2 + 2x 3)(2x2 3x 2)
= (x2 + 3x x 3)(2x2 4x + x 2)
= (x 1)(x + 3)(x 2)(2x + 1)
Hence, the zeroes of x2 + 2x 3 are 1, -3 and the zeroes of
2x2 3x 2 are 2, 1/2 .
Thus, the zeroes of 2x4 + x3 14x2 + 5x + 6 are 1, -3, 2, 1/2.

30. Given that the zeroes of the cubic polynomial x3 6x2 + 3x

+10 are of the form a,a + b,a + 2b for some real numbers a
 and b, find the values of a and b as well as the zeroes of the
given polynomial.
[NCERT Exemplar]
3 2
A30. Let p(x) = x 6x + 3x + 10
Given that a, (a + b) and (a + 2b) are the zeroes of p(x).

⇒ a(a + b) + (a + b)(a + 2b) + a(a + 2b) = 31

⇒ 2a + 2(2 + b) + a(2 + b) = 3 [Using (i)]
⇒ 2a + 2(2 + 2 a) + a(2 + 2 a) 3
⇒ 2a + 8 2a + 4a a2 = 3
⇒ -a2 + 4a + 5 = 0
⇒ a2 4a 5 = 0
Using factorisation method,
a2 5a + a 5 = 0
⇒ (a 5)(a + 1) = 0
⇒ a = -1, 5
When a = -1, then b = 3
When a = 5, then b = -3
Hence for a = -l, b = 3 zeroes of p(x) are
a, (a + b), (a + 2b) .e -1, (-1 + 3), (-1 + 6) or -1, 2, 5 When
. a = 5 and b = -3, then zeroes of p(x) are a, (a + b), (a + 2b)
i.e, 5, (5 3), (5 6) or 5, 2, -1
So, the required values are a = -1, b = 3 or a = 5, b = -3
. and the zeroes of p(x) are -1, 2 and 5
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion
(A) is followed by a statement of reason (R) . Mark the correct
choice as:
a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and
reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct but
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c. Assertion (A) is correct, reason (R) is incorrect
d. Assertion (A) is incorrect, reason (R) is correct

31.
Assertion: the polynomial P(x) = x^3+x has one real zero.

Reason: the polynomial of nth degree has at most n zeros.

A.31 (b). Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct but reason
. is not the correct explanation of assertion.

32.
Assertion: b2 - 4ac > 0 , then both roots are real
Reason: + = -b/a

A.21 (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct but reason is
. not the correct explanation of assertion.