1. Why the potential at any point inside a sphere is equal to the potential of surface?

Ans: When charge is given to a metallic sphere, it is distributer on the outer surface of
the sphere. Given charge can never be obtained at any position inside the sphere due to
repulsion among the charges. Since charge is only obtained at outer surface of sphere,
so potential at any point inside a sphere is equal to the potential of surface.

2. Explain one electron volt.

Ans: The amount of work is done to transfer a free electron from a point to another point
having potential difference of 1volt is called 1 electron volt.

3. Define electrostatic induction.

Ans: The process of charging an uncharged object by another charged object is placing
close to it is called electrostatic induction.

4. What is ε0 or What is the value of permittivity in vacuum?

Ans: The permittivity of free space or a vacuum is 8.854×10-12 C2N-1m-2. It is symbolized
by 0. Many materials like glass and certain plastics have greater permittivity () than

permittivity in vacuum (0).

5. What is dielectric constant or relative permittivity?

Ans: Dielectric constant is the ration of two forces between two charge objects at a
particular distance in vacuum ( F0 ) to the force between another medium ( F ) for same
F0
charges at same distance. It is denoted by K. so k=
F

It has no unit.
 Dielectric constant of air is 1.0005,
or, The ratio of the permittivity of a medium () to the permittivity of free space (0) is
ε
called dielectric constant. So, k=
ε0

ε
Now, k=
8.854 10-12

or, k = 1.129 1011ε C2N-1m-2

i.e. dielectric constant (k) of a medium = 1.129 1011  permittivity of the medium

6. The dielectric constant of a medium is 5- what does it mean?

Ans: The dielectric constant of a medium is 5 it means that, the force between two
charges at a particular distance in vacuum is 5 times of the force between same two
charges at the same distance of the medium.

or, The dielectric constant of a medium is 5- it means that the ratio of the permittivity of a
substance to the permittivity of free space is 5.

7. State Gauss's Law.

Ans: The net electric flux through any closed surface is equal to 1⁄εo times the net
electric charge within that closed surface.

Or, “The integral of the Electric field (E) through a closed area (ds) is equal to the total
charge inside of the area divided by ε0.’’ ε0 is a constant called The Permittivity of Free

Space. So,  E.ds = 1 q

S
ε0

Spherical surface,  ds = 4πr2, where r is the radius of the surface.