Roots pertaining to the Digestive system

Table 13-1 Roots for the Mouth

Root Meaning Example Definition of
Example
bucc/o cheek buccoversion turning toward the
buk-ko-VER-zhun cheek
dent/o, dent/i tooth, teeth edentulous without teeth
e-DEN-tu-lus
odont/o tooth, teeth periodontics dental specialty that
per-e-o-DON-tiks deals with the study
and treatment around
the teeth
gingiv/o gum (gingiva) gingivectomy excision of gum
jin-jih-VEK-to-me tissue
gloss/o tongue glossoplegia paralysis (-plegia) of
glos-o-PLE-je-ah the tongue
lingu/o tongue orolingual pertaining to the
or-o-LING-gwal mouth and tongue
gnath/o jaw prognathous having a projecting
PROG-nah-thus jaw
labi/o lip labium lip or lip-like
LA-be-um structure
or/o mouth circumoral around the mouth
sir-kum-OR-al
stoma, stomat/o mouth xerostomia dryness (xero-) of the
ze-ro-STO-me-ah mouth
palat/o palate palatine pertaining to the
PAL-ah-tine palate (also palatal)
sial/o saliva, salivary gland, sialogram radiograph of the
salivary duct si-AL-o-gram salivary glands and
ducts
uvol/o uvula uvulotome instrument (-tome)
U-vu-lo-tome for incising the uvula
Table 13-2 Roots for the Digestive Tract (Except the Mouth)
Root Meaning Example Definition of
Example
esophag/o esophagus esophageal pertaining to the
e-sof-ah-JE-al esophagus
gastr/o stomach gastroparesis partial paralysis
gas-tro-pah-RE-sis (paresis) of the
stomach9
pylor/o pylorus pyloroplasty plastic repair of the
pi-LOR-o-plas-te pylorus
enter/o intestine dysentery intestine disease of
DIS-en-ter-e the intestine
duoden/o duodenum duodenostomy surgical creation of
du-o-deh-NOS-to-me an opening into the
duodenum
jejun/o jejunum jejunectomy excision of the
jeh-ju-NEK-to-me jejunum
ile/o ileum ileitis inflammation of the
il-e-I-tis ileum
cec/o cecum cecoptosis downward
se-kop-TO-sis displacement of the
cecum
col/o, colon/o colon coloclysis irrigation (-clysis) of
ko-lo-KLI-sis the colon
sigmoid/o sigmoid colon sigmoidoscope an endoscope for
sig-MOY-do-skope examining the
sigmoid colon
recto/o rectum rectocele hernia of the rectum
REK-to-sele
proct/o rectum proctopexy surgical fixation of
PROK-to-pek-se the rectum
an/o anus perianal around the anus
per-e-A-nal
*Note addition of e before -al
Table 13-3 Roots for the Accessory Organs
Root Meaning Example Definition of
Example
hepat/o liver hepatocyte a liver cell
HEP-ah-to-site
bili bile biliary pertaining to the bile
BIL-e-ar-e or bile ducts
chol/e, chol/o bile, gall cholestasis stoppage of bile flow
ko-le-STA-sis
cholecyst/o gallbladder cholecystogram radiograph of the
ko-le-SIS-to-gram gallbladder
cholangi/o bile duct cholangioma cancer of the bile
ko-lan-je-O-mah ducts
choledoch/o common bile duct choledochal pertaining to the
KO-le-dok-al common bile duct
pancreat/o pancreas pancreatotropic acting on the
pan-kre-at-o-TROP-ik pancreas