INDUCTIVE AND

DEDUCTIVE
REASONING

Logical Thinking

Introduction
HOMEWORK BOOK

0
 LESSON OBJECTIVES

The students will be able to:

1. Identify a premise, claim, and conclusion;

2. Define deductive and inductive reasoning;

3. Classify examples as inductive or deductive.

1
Schema Activation
PREPARATORY ACTIVITY

2
 Definitions
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the
following questions.

How would you define “Reasoning”?

How would you define “Premise”?

How would you define “Claim”?

How would you define “Conclusion”?

3
Types of Reasoning

PRESENTATION

4
Activity-1: Types of Reasoning

Write the characteristics of the two types of reasoning.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning

5
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

When detectives arrived at the scene of the

robbery, they began looking for clue to piece
together the story of what happened.
The broken window suggested entrance
because the glass was on the inside. The only
disturbance in the office was a painting which
hid a safe. This suggests the person knew the
safe was there.
If the location of the hidden safe was known,
the criminal must have known the victim.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

6
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

One day Vikram read a book about

Mount Everest. He was impressed by
Nepalese porters and concluded that
Nepalese people are physically very
tough as they carry lot of load of
mountaineer. Once he went to high
school, he saw a Nepalese gatekeeper.
He deduced that this Nepalese
gatekeeper is also physically very
tough.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

7
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

Rupa came from Pune to Mumbai and settled

in ‘Telang Memorial Hostel’. On the night of
15 August, she saw a huge traffic jam on
Marine Drive. Her roommate told that same
happens on Juhu beach road on every public
holiday. By seeing and listening this she
assumed that every beach road of Mumbai is
jampacked on public holidays.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

8
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

10 years old Arjun admires planes and

pilots. His dad told him that all pilots
who fly planes hold commercial pilot
license. One day Arjun met mother of
his friend Neel at their home. Neel
said that his mother is a pilot in Air
India. Arjun assumed that mother of
Neel possesses commercial pilot
license.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

9
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

One of the project given to a group of

student at Indian School of Business was
to establish a Tea Stall at Delhi University
Mughal Garden. Within one week, the
students realized that their customers are
interested in fresh fruit juices, milkshakes
and other smoothies like pina colada.
They discussed and invest more money to
buy juicer, blender and allied stuff to
open a juice lounge within their tea stall.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

10
Inductive Vs. Deductive
Reasoning
PRACTICE

11
 Activity-1
Instruction: Complete the sentence by selecting correct choice.

Types of reasoning are……..

❑ seven ❑ four ❑ two

Reasoning is the process of creating or generating conclusions

from …..

❑ evidence ❑ poetry ❑ fiction

There are _____ types of deductive reasonings.

❑ five ❑ three ❑ two

A claim can be _____.

❑ true or false ❑ redundant data ❑ old observation

Inductive reasoning is _____ to deductive reasoning.

❑ analogous ❑ opposite ❑ inferior

12
 Activity-2
Instruction: Read the statement and tick off correct answer.

Reasoning is a process.

❑ True ❑ False

A premise is a previous statement.

❑ True ❑ False
Reasoning from general statement to a certain and logical
conclusion is called inductive reasoning.

❑ True ❑ False

Deductive reasoning is of 2 types.

❑ True ❑ False
Inductive reasoning makes broad generalizations from specific
observations.

❑ True ❑ False
13
 Activity-3
Instruction:identify type of reasoning and tick off correct answer.

All of families of Cheema clan are landlords. Bikram belongs to a

family of Cheema clan. Bikram is a landlord.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

The coin I pulled from the bag is a penny. Second coin is a penny.
A third coin from the bag is also a penny. Therefore, all the coins
in the bag are pennies.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

Rubina always leaves for school at 7:00 a.m. Rubina is always on
time. Rubina assumes, then, that if she leaves at 7:00 a.m. for
school today, she will be on time.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

Acute angles are less than 90 degrees. This angle is 45 degrees, so
it must be an acute angle.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

All flight attendants get first aid training. Supria is a flight
attendant. Hence, Supriya knows about first aid.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

All hilly roads are narrow and dangerous. Darjeeling is a located
on in hilly area. So, road leading to Darjeeling must be narrow and
dangerous.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

14
Answers

15
Schema Activation
PREPARATORY ACTIVITY

16
 Definitions
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the
following questions.

How would you define “Reasoning”?

Reasoning is a process of creating or generating conclusions

from evidence or premises.

How would you define “Premise”?

A premise is a previous statement that an argument claims

will induce or justify a conclusion.

How would you define “Claim”?

A claim is an assertion about the truth, existence, or value of

something that is either true or false.

How would you define “Conclusion”?

When a claim is supported by premise, it becomes a

conclusion.

17
Types of Reasoning

PRESENTATION

18
Activity-1: Types of Reasoning
Write the characteristics of the two types of reasoning.
Inductive
Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
⮚ Act of making generalized
conclusions based off of
specific scenarios.
⮚ Inductive reasoning is the
opposite of deductive
reasoning. Inductive
reasoning makes broad
generalizations from
specific observations.
⮚ The process of reasoning
from specifics to a general
conclusion related to those
specifics.
Deductive
Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
⮚ Act of backing up a
generalized statement with
a specific scenario.
⮚ The process of reasoning
from general statement to a
certain and logical
conclusion related to the
conclusion is called
deductive reasoning.
⮚ Deductive reasoning starts
out with a general
statement, or hypothesis,
and examines the
possibilities to reach a
specific, logical conclusion.
19
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

When detectives arrived at the scene of the

robbery, they began looking for clue to piece
together the story of what happened.
The broken window suggested entrance
because the glass was on the inside. The only
disturbance in the office was a painting which
hid in a safe. This suggests the person knew
the safe was there.
If the location of the hidden safe was known,
the criminal must have known the victim.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

Here the evidences came first and then conclusions were

made. The evidence of broken window and stealing of
painting from hidden safe suggests that someone broke in
and he was in knowledge of hidden safe thus the thief knows
the place well. That is why, it is inductive reasoning.
20
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

One day Vikram read a book about

Mount Everest. He was impressed by
Nepalese porters and concluded that
Nepalese people are physically very
tough as they carry lot of load of
mountaineer. Once he went to high
school, he saw a Nepalese gatekeeper.
He deduced that this Nepalese
gatekeeper is also physically very
tough.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

The thought process started from a general statement that all

Nepalese are physically tough.
Once Vikram saw the Gorkha Gatekeeper at the school, he
assumed that this gatekeep must also be physically very
tough.
21
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

Rupa came from Pune to Mumbai and settled

in ‘Telang Memorial Hostel’. On the night of
15 August, she saw a huge traffic jam on
Marine Drive. Her roommate told that same
happens on Juhu beach road on every public
holiday. By seeing and listening this she
assumed that every beach road of Mumbai is
jampacked on public holidays.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

The evidences came first and then conclusions were made.

The evidence of traffic jam at marine drive and on Juhu
beach road made Rupa believe that there is always a situation
of traffic jam on beach roads on public holidays.

22
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

10 years old Arjun admires planes and

pilots. His dad told him that all pilots
who fly planes hold commercial pilot
license. One day Arjun met mother of
his friend Neel at their home. Neel
said that his mother is a pilot in Air
India. Arjun assumed that mother of
Neel possesses commercial pilot
license.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

The thought process started from a general statement that all

pilots possess commercial pilot license.
Once Arjan met a pilot, he assumed that since all pilots
possess commercial pilot license, so he deduced that, this
pilot must also be in possession of commercial pilot license.
23
 Activity-2: Inductive vs.
Deductive Reasoning
Read the text below and find out the type of reasoning
process. Moreover, explain reasons of your answer.

One of the project given to a group of

student at Indian School of Business was
to establish a Tea Stall at Delhi University
Mughal Garden. Within one week, the
students realized that their customers are
interested in fresh fruit juices, milkshakes
and other smoothies like pina colada.
They discussed and invest more money to
buy juicer, blender and allied stuff to
open a juice lounge within their tea stall.

Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning

The student received the input or evidence from majority of

customers that they are more interested in fresh fruit juices,
milkshakes and other smoothies like pina colada. So, they
concluded that adding juicer, blender and other allied
equipment will be beneficial for their business.
24
Inductive Vs. Deductive
Reasoning
PRACTICE

25
 Activity-1
Instruction: Complete the sentence by selecting correct choice.

Types of reasoning are……..

❑ seven ❑ four ❑ two

Reasoning is the process of creating or generating conclusions

from …..

❑ evidence ❑ poetry ❑ fiction

There are _____ types of deductive reasonings.

❑ five ❑ three ❑ two

A claim can be _____.

❑ true or false ❑ redundant data ❑ old observation

Inductive reasoning is _____ to deductive reasoning.

❑ analogous ❑ opposite ❑ inferior

26
 Activity-2
Instruction: Read the statement and tick off correct answer.

Reasoning is a process.

❑ True ❑ False

A premise is a previous statement.

❑ True ❑ False
Reasoning from general statement to a certain and logical
conclusion is called inductive reasoning.

❑ True ❑ False

Deductive reasoning is of 2 types.

❑ True ❑ False
Inductive reasoning makes broad generalizations from specific
observations.

❑ True ❑ False
27
 Activity-3
Instruction:identify type of reasoning and tick off correct answer.

All of families of Cheema clan are landlords. Bikram belongs to a

family of Cheema clan. Bikram is a landlord.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

The coin I pulled from the bag is a penny. Second coin is a penny.
A third coin from the bag is also a penny. Therefore, all the coins
in the bag are pennies.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

Rubina always leaves for school at 7:00 a.m. Rubina is always on
time. Rubina assumes, then, that if she leaves at 7:00 a.m. for
school today, she will be on time.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

Acute angles are less than 90 degrees. This angle is 45 degrees, so
it must be an acute angle.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

All flight attendants get first aid training. Supria is a flight
attendant. Hence, Supriya knows about first aid.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

All hilly roads are narrow and dangerous. Darjeeling is a located
on in hilly area. So, road leading to Darjeeling must be narrow and
dangerous.

❑ Inductive Reasoning ❑ Deductive Reasoning

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WELL DONE

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 THANK YOU

AND

KEEP LEARNING!

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