a m b r id g e

ORKBOOK etter
nnie Cornford and ndrew Re
Reid
id
Learning
 a m b r id g e
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C O N TE N TS

Starter Unit Welcome! p4

Unitl Be inspired
inspi red p8

Unit 2 What is art?

art? p l6

Unit3 Spread the word! p24

Unit 4 Healthy body, healthy

healt hy mind p32

Unit5 Save our planet! p40

Unit6 Think outside

outsid e the box p4
p48
8

Unit 7 world of celebration

celeb ration p5
p56
6

Unit8 Back to scho

school
ol p6
p64
4

Unit 9 holiday
holi day on the moon p7
p72
2

Exam tips
tip s and practice
prac tice p80

Language reference and practice

practi ce p86

Language Bank pl
pl06
06

Irre
Irregu
gula
larr Verb
Verbss p ill

3
STARTER
A message on an app

ELCOME! 4 □ Read the conversation. How are Louise and Yanis

spending the summer?
F

VOCABULARY AND READING Hey! How ’s the

Hey!
Technology filmmak ing course?
course?
re you enjoying it?
it?
1 Q Complete the sentences with the words in
LOUISE It’s great, thank
thanks.
s. nd you?
you? 1hope
the box.
you’re not getting bored.

apps devices emoji message YANIS 1hardly ever get bored - 1l

1love
ove getting new
screen social media ideas and dancing
da ncing in front of the group.
k____
________
________
_______
___ _ ____
________
________
_______>
___>
LOUISE Don’t you
you sometim es feel embarrassed?
1 My grandp
grandparents
arents haven’t got
got many electronic
electr onic
YANIS Not at all! But I’m new to street dance,
da nce, so
devices .
1often get upset if 1forget the steps. What
2 Do your
you r eyes get tired wh
when
en you look at the kind of films are you making?
--
computer fora longtime?
longtime?
LOUISE We’re not making a whole film until the end
3 We learn a lot about famous people by following
follow ing of the course. I’m
I’m so excited a
abou
boutt that!
th em o n .
YANIS So what do th ey teach you?
4 Bella sends her mum a te xt when she’s late
LOUISE We’re learning to use different devices like
home.
video cameras and music apps.
5 My fav ourite are Snapchat and BuzzFeed.
YANIS Cool!
6 Which emo tions can ’t you express with an
LOUISE fter lunch we usually write film scripts
script s or
practise doing make-up or costumes.
Feelings
YANIS They’re making a short video of ourfina l
show - I’m a bit nervous abo ut that!
2 Q Q (Circle) the correct words.
LOUISE Why?
Why? You’re a great dan
dancer!
cer! He
Hey,
y, maybe
1 Mason gets
gets(^mb orrassed) / excited when his mum
(^mb
I can make a film ab out you one da
day!
y!
puts his baby photos on Facebook.
2 I’m getting tire d/ excited about toni ght ’s party!
excited
3 Yo
You
u always do well
we ll in exams so
so do n’t be 5 □ □ □ Answer the questions.
nervous I bored. 1 How does Yanis show tha t he is confident?
4 Janek was so em barrassed I tired
tired that he fell
fell
asleep at his desk.
2 When does Yanis
Yanis sometime s feel unhappy?
5 Mandy’s crying - what’s she upset I excited about?
6 We’re always so busy that we haven’t
ha ven’t got time to
3 What is Louise excited about?
get tired I bored.

3 □ □ □ rite an example sentence for the words 4 What idea does Louise have for a film?
below.
1 embarrassed
2 a p p -----------------------------------------------------------
3 screen

4 STARTER UNIT
LANGUAGE IN ACTION
A N D V O C A BU L A R Y Music
Present simple and present continuou
Present continuou s
4 Q (£ircle)nin
£ircle)ninee more music words in the sound wave.
with adverbs of frequency

sbass
Put the words in the correct order to make
sentences.

1 ever / upse t / gets / He / hard ly / board

e har
hardly
dly ever
ever get s u p se ts
5 E3Q Match the definitions with words from
2 steps / remem ber / I/ the / don ’t / always Exercise 4.
1 a loud,
loud, round instru men t you play with your hands
3 embarrassed / dance I often / Do / when / get / you or sti ck
ckss _dnim_s
_dnim_s_
_
/ you
u// ?
2 a person who plays m usic and talks on the radio or
at a club
4 mu sic/ the / films
films / We / for/ wri
write
te / the / somet
sometimes
imes 3 music popular in Jamaica with a strong rhythm

5 him / His / neve r / teach ers / ang ry / get / with 4 an electric instrum ent similar to a guitar with low
notes
5 music and songs in a trad itiona l style
2 Q Q (Circle) the correct words.
6 an electro nic instrumen t sim ilar to a piano
1 She^p/ayzng)/p l a y s a com pute r game now
now..
7 the artist usually speaks the words in this ttype
ype of
2 Io ft
fte in g bored at home.
e n fe e l I ’m o fte n fe e l in music
3 D o e s M a r io
io s o m e t iim
m e s s e n d / IIss M a r i o s o m e t i m e s 8 people who love a band or musician
s e n d i n g you photos?

4 The cou
course
rse is great: I’
I’m
mh a v i n g / h o v e a great time. 6 □ □ Complete the advert with the words in the box.

5 Iu s u a l llyy t e x t I ’m u s u a l l y t e x ti
ti n g my friend when I
DJ drum s fan heavy metal
can’t do my homework.
jazz rap

Present simple for future

3 QQ rite questions and answers about the future.

1 What time / the lesson begin tom orrow ? / at nine re you a b ig1 fan of
What time does the lesson begi
begin
n tomorrow? music? Do you sing like a
bird or is 2 more your
It begins a t nine.
ine.
thing (f
(fan
an of Tinie Tempah
2 When / Tom
Tom arrive in Japa n ? I tomorrow morni
morning
ng
maybe?). Do you play a
musical instrum ent like the guit
guitar,
ar,
3
basss o r _____ ? Or
bas Or perhaps you w ant to be a
4
3 What da y / we get
get the exam results ? / on Friday _____ because you prefer to play records
records,, not an
instrument? From relaxing, easy-listening 5
to fast, loud 6_____ , you can learn and practise it

all at M
ML
L Music Sum me r Camp. Click on the li
link
nk
4 When / your music lesson finish? / at midd ay below for more information!

STARTER UNIT 5
LISTEN
LISTENIN
ING
G AND
AN D LAN
LANGUA
GUAGE
GE Past simple
IN ACTION □ Complete the sentences with the past simple
A conversation form of the verbs in brackets.

1 Q Look at the photo.
here are the people?
1 Ela wrote (write) a grea
reat song
song a n d ( s i n g )
it for us last night.
2 W e ( t a k e ) the dogs a n d ( g o ) for a long
walk on the beach.
3 I (know) you were here because I
(see) your coat.
4 s h e ( m a k e ) a CD for Luca’s birthday?
5 M a r c u s ( n o t tell) us that h e ( h a v e )
concert tickets for all of us.

□ □ Complete the sentences with the correct past

simple form of the verbs in the box.

be (x
(x2
2)
learn not enjoy
enjo y pla
playy
fall work
\_____
__________
________
___ ___ ______
__________
__________
_____//
1 The heavy metal band played
played really loud music.
G2 Listen to the conversation. hy does Maria 2 We the words to all the new songs.
songs.
go to the event in Exercise
Exercise 1 every year? 3 The students very hard before their exam.
4 Jo e embarrassed when he on the ice.

n s nn Listen again. Are the sentences (true)

(true) or 5 I th ec
ec o n cce
e r tl a s tn
tn i g h t.
t. lt boring.
S01
F (false)?
□□□ rite questions
questions about Maria and MusicFest
1 The organisers of MusicFest sell the tickets in a from Exercise 2. Then writ
writee the correct answers.
lottery. T
1 the organisers
organisers of MusicFestI sent Maria a letter / ?
2 Maria doesn’t
doe sn’t pay for her ticket.
Did the o rganisers of M usicFe st send Maria a letter?
3 She works every evening.
evening.
No, they didn’t. They sent her an email.
4 Maria hears and sees all the bands. 2 Maria / ask the organisers
organis ers for a free ticket / ?
5 She loves
loves the music, but doesn’
doe sn’tt like the hot
weather.

0 4 QQE3 Listen again. hy do Maria

Maria an
and
d Noel 3 Maria / get a ticket
tic ket in the llotte
ottery
ry / ?
S 01
mention the words in the bo
box?
x?

excited fans reggae singers tired

4 Maria / work at the campsite in the evening last
excited: Noel
oel sa ys Maria looks
looks excited. year/?

5 it / rain
rain all weekend at MusicFest last year / ?

6 STARTER UNIT
 RITING 4 □□ Complete the Usefu
Complete Usefull language phrases with
the words in the box.
A review of an app

□ Look at the advert.

advert. hat do you think
think the app great language opinion Overall
does? problems recommend
\_____________
\_____________ ____ ________________ >
1 WordFind
WordFi nd is a language-learning
language-lear ning app.
2 It’s because you can use it anywhere.
3 Iwould definitely it to all English language
learners.
4 , 1think
thin k it’s a great app.
app.
5 In m y , there are a couple o f with it.

2 Q Q Rea
Readd Ben’s
Ben’s review and check your answer to • rite your
your own review
review of a languag
language-lea
e-learning
rning ap
app.
p. *
Exercise 1.
• PLAN
•
•
• 5 E3E3
e

A WordFind is a great app for English language

learners, especially when you are studying •• What is it
I
• <
alone. Our teacher told us about it in class.
He said he uses it all the time, so I decided What’s good about it?
to try it. Last week I downloaded it on my
phone and I love it!
• What is
isn’t
n’t good abo
about
ut it?
B It’s good because the definitions are very
easy to understand. It tells you what each
• What
What’s
’s your
you r general opin
opinion
ion??
word means in simple English, and how and • •
when you can use it. You can also search
for a word by saying it. I can’t always find a •6 Decide what information to include in each
word I’m looking for when I don’t know how ; paragraph. Use the inf
informati
ormation
on in Exercise 3 to
to spell it, so this is very useful. • help you.
• •
C In my opinion,
opinion, there are a couple of problems : W RITE ;
with it. It tells you where each word comes
from and when people first used it, but
;7 QQQ rite your review
review.. Remember to
include four paragraphs, the present simple ‘
I’m not interested in the history of words. • and pre
prese
sent
nt cont
continu
inuou
ous,
s, adv
adver
erbs
bs of freq
freque
uenc
ncy,
y,
Also, it’s
i t’s expensive - there are lots of free
free • and ph
phra
ras
ses from
rom the
the Useful language b bo
ox
dictionary apps, though maybe they’re not (see Student’s Book, p9).
as good.
' CHECK
D Overall, I think WordFind is a great app
• 8 d ° you ......
because you can use it anywhere and it’s
; • introduc
intr oduce e the app in the first
firs t paragraph?
easy to use. I would definitely recommend it.
• writ
writee about
abo ut good and bad things?
• • give your
you r general opinion?
opini on?
3 □□ hich paragraph (A-D)...

1 ex
expl
plai
ains
ns the
the b
ba
ad thin
things
gs about
about th
the
eapp ?C
2 gives Ben’s general opinion?
opinion ?
3 introduces the app?
4 explains the go
good
od things about the app?
app?

STARTER UNIT 7
 4 QQ Complete the sentences with the opposites in
the box.

anxious grumpy lazy shy silly

\ _______________ 7
1 Martin isn ’t calm today. He’s anxious because of
his exam tomorrow.
V O C A BU L A R Y 2 Idon’t think I’m confident. I’m usually quite
Describing people
3 My m oth er is a l w a y s . S h e’s not cheerful
1 Q Find 11 more personality adjectives in the word at all.
search.
4 You’re s o sometimes.
sometim es. Why can ’t you
you be
M C(T O N F I D E N R more sensible?
M S F D S E G R E G 5 When she
she was young, my cat was always
alway s active.
B S L F E Y C U Z J X I Now s h e’s j u s t .
I E M I D T N V K C S N
T P R O F E N T U H O S 5 nn (Circle) the correct adjectives.
I O B E D C N E C P
O T R S C S S E D E I I
U I C T O N F F R R HOME ABOUTME^ RCHIVE FOLLOW
S E N S I T I V E F B I
My sister, licia,
licia , is a very \ponfiden^)/
G N B E V R Y W B U L N
talented person because she’s
F T R S E N S I B L E G
always sure abou t herself and
N G H E L P F U L J W B
knows what she’s good at. In fact,
T L E N T E D B N Y S
she’s quite ^ac
^actitive
ve I am bitio us -
she’s got lots of goals and things
2 □□ Complete the sentences with words from
she wants to achieve. She’s also
Exercise 1.
smart and really ^patient/ talented - she can play the
1 Peop
People
le thi nk I’ m confident , but I’m usually
usua lly shy.
shy. piano and is very good at sport. The The only ‘prob
‘ prob lem’
lem ’ is
is
2 P a ul i s n ’ t v e r y . He likes being alone. that sh e’s not very cheerful I sociable - she doe sn’t like
A

3 Tyler is usually
usua lly very . He’s alway
alwayss smilin
smiling.
g. going to parties and she doesn’t
doe sn’t have many
m any friends.
26
3
4
5

4 Kim and her brother are very different. He’s silly ButsiftoIhave
solveait.
it.problem,
licia is she’s
she ’ssitive
always h elpful I calm and
and immature, but she’s trie
tries ^sensit
^sen ive I p atien t, too - she
doe sn’t get angry
angry,, even when other people peop le make really
5 It’s better to be and not panic in
big mistakes.
mistak es. My siste
sisterr is my hero!
hero!
dangerous situations.
6 I’ m v e r y - IIg
get upset easily.

3 QQ Complete the table with the opposites of

Explore it!
words from Exercise 1.
Guess the correct answer.
7
in- 1
sensitive im- Scientists believe that people who are
un- 2 live longer than average.
3 a cheerful b confident c grumpy
4
Find an interesting fact about how to live longer
5 and send the question in an email to a classmate
6 or ask them in the next class.

8 E INSPIRED UNIT 1
 EADING
An article

1 Q Read the article quickly and answer the questions.

1 What is the name of the young man in photo A?

2 What is the name of the wave in photo B?

2 □ □ Match the words in bold in the article with the

definitions.
1 very surprised amazed sobsf wu
wutt houht s ic >it
houht
2 a physical
phy sical or ment
mental
al power to do something
someth ing Derek Rabelo was born in Brazil in 1992. His father called
him Derek after a famous surfing champion, Derek
Ho - his father’s favourite surfer. Derek’s father wanted
3 a person who teaches
teac hes other people
Derek to become a surfer, too, but there was a problem:
4 wate r that moves over tthe
he top of the sea unfortunately, Derek was born blind. His father’s dream
to see his son surf seemed impossible!
5 very difficult
When Derek was 17, his father told him about his dream.
6 wanting to do something very much
From that moment, Derek was determined to try to
become a surfer. He went to the beach with his father
3 QE3 Are the sent
sentence
encess (true) or F (false)? Correct every day and started taking surfing lessons with an
the false sentences. instructor. Derek kept trying and finally, he learned to
1 Derek’s
Derek’s favourite surfer was also called Derek. surf!
Derek
Dere k explains that
tha t although he can’t see, he
F Derek’s father’s favourite surfer was also called
understands the noises that the waves make and he can
Derek, hear them when they are coming. He says every part
2 Derek didn’t surf until he was a teenager
teenager.. of a wave makes a different noise, so he knows which
direction to surf in.
In 2012, he flew to Hawaii to surf the famous Banzai
3 Derek’s fath
father
er taught Derek to surf. Pipeline - one of the most challenging and dangerous
waves in the world. Local surfers were amazed to see the
confident young blind man surf the huge wave with no
4 Derek can
can hear which dir
direction
ection he needs to
to sur
surff in. problem at all.
While Derek was surfing in Hawaii, he met a film producer
5 People who saw Derek in Hawaii
Hawaii were very surprised. who believed that Derek had an amazing ability. The
producer decided to make a film about him. Beyond
Sight tells Derek’s inspirational story and teaches us that
6 Derek went
wen t tto
o Hawaii to make a film with a nothing is impossible if you believe in yourself!
producer.

4 □ □ □ Answer the questions

quest ions in your own words.
1 Why do you think Derek was determined to try
surfing?

2 What do you think inspired the film producer to

make a film about Derek?

UNIT 1 | E INSPIRED 9
 ANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 nn rite sentences with the past simple and past
Past simple and past continuous continuous and the words in brackets.
with w h e n , w h i l e anda s 1 1 sleep / you I call / me last night (when)
Iwas sleeping when you called me last night.
1 Q Complete the sentences with the past
continuous form of the verbs in the box. 2 he / finish / his b
book
ook / he / wait
wai t / for the bus (as)
(as)

/------------------------------------------ \
do look not watch 3 we / live / in
in Lo
London
ndon / we / go
go / to lots
lot s of museum
mus eumss (while)
rain sloop work
\ /
1 I was sleeping
sleeping a t ll o ’clockla
clockla st nig
night. 4 she / not see / the car / she / cross / the stree
streett (when)
That’s why
why I didn ’t check my emai
emails.
ls.
2 11 yeste
yest e rd ay, so I d d n t go 5 I/ not cry / I/ watch / that inspiratio
insp iratio nal film (while
(while))
out.
3 My m um late at the office 6 they / say / goodbye
goodb ye / they / leave / the party (as)
(as)
and came home late.
late.
4 I for clothes online, but I
did n’t see anythi
anything
ng I lik
liked.
ed. 4 D Q (6ircle)t
6ircle)the
he correct options.
5 What you in the
kitchen? I heard a strange noise.
6 She videos on the
computer - she was studying!
studying!

2 QE3 Complete the conversation with the

past simple form of the verbs in brackets.

EMMA Hey, Ben! 1 Did you have (you / have)

a nice holiday?
BEN Hmm, not bad. 12 (help)
my uncle in his shop.
EMMA W hy 3 (you
(you / do)
do) that? One day my wife was ill, so I /drove)/ was driving to the chemist
BEN Because mymy aun t 4 (be) to get some medicine. While 12 w a l k e d/w a s w a l k iin
n g back to the
ill, and he 5 (not have) car,
car, Inoticed
I noticed that 13
didn ’t have / w asn’t having my keys. They
time to go to the shop every day. were still in the car with my phone! I ^k
^kicked /w as kicking the
icked

EMMA Wow! That’s really kind of you. wheels of my car when a teenager 5 was arriving/ arrived
arrived on his
6
(it I be) difficult? bike and 6asked/ was asking
asking what was wrong.
wrong. IItold
told him the
story and I Ex pla ined / was explaining that we had another car
explaining
BEN Ye ah.. But my un cle 7
Yeah
key at home, but it was five miles away. The boy said, ‘I’ll get
(give
(give)) me som e m oney after, so
the keys’ and then 8ga v e /w a s gi vvii ng
ng me his phone to call my
18 (buy)
(buy) some
som e new
wife to explain what was happening. fter 30 minutes, he 3came
clothes.
/w a s c o m i ng back with the ke
ng keys.
ys. s 1 0o pe n e d /w a s o pe ni ng my
ni ng
EMMA Cool!
car, he rode away - before Icould thank him!

5 □ □ □ rite a short paragraph in your notebook about a

time when someone helped you or you helped someone.
Use the past simple and past continuous.

10 E INSPIRED UNIT 1
VOCABULARY AND
LISTENING
Ph r a s a l ver bs

□ (6ircle)
6ircle)the
the correct op
options.
tions.
1 If you have a good re latio nsh ip with
someone, y o u (ge t oh
oh )/h a n g o u t\N\th them.
t\N\th

2 When you look after som eone who is old,

ill or very young, you c h e e r u p / t a k e c o rree
of them.
3 When yyou ou spend time with friends, you A c o n v e r s a t io
io n
n g o u t / d e a l with them.
h o ng
o 3 Listen to the conversati
conversation.
on. hy is Callum going to
4 When you ttry ry tto
o solve a problem, yo
you
udeal i .o i
a concert?
h / d e p e n d o n it.
w i tth
a It’s a family member’s birthday.
5 If you respect and adm ire someone, you
l o o k up
up t o / g i v e u p th
th e m . b He wants to help people.

6 When you make someo ne feel happier, you c It’s

It’s his week end job .
c h e e r t he
h e m u p / h o n g t he
h e m o u t.
t.
/Pt 4 Listen again. Complete the notes with key words
7 When you stop trying to to do some thing 101 and information.
informatio n.
because it is too difficult, you c h e er
er u p /
give up.

8 When you need som eon e’s help a and

nd
support, you l o o k u p t o / d e p e n d o n them. Concert
• Takes place a t1 t h e s p o r t s c e n tr e
Takes
2 □ □ Complete the sentences with the
phrasal verbs from Exercise 1. • Brandon’s2 ililll in th
thee past,
concert to make money for people
1 Ic an ’t go out ttonight.
onight. I have a lot of
with same illness.
problems that I neeneed
d to deal with .
• Brandon wants to make a minimum
minimum
2 I s om e t i m e s my little
little brothe r
of 3£ for charity.
charity.
when my parents are not at home.

3 Ica n’t do this

this homew ork - it’
it’ss too diff
difficult
icult.. Char ity work
Charity work
• Brandon made more than
tha n
4£ last month for charity.
charity.
4 I really my mother. Ith ink
she’s an amazing woman, and I’d like to be • Jobs did: washed4 6
Job s he did: cut

the sam e as her when I’m older. grass in gardens, took rubbish away.

5 I my sister for help and advice.

advice. • Worked every afternoo n and
6
Ioften don ’t know what to do witho ut her.
her.
6 My grandfather is feeling sad these days, so
I’m tryin g to him 5 E3E3Q Callum mentions running a race, giving up
7 I usually with friends at the chocolate and cutting off his hair for charity. Think of three
park, or in a cafe. other ways to raise money.

8 Paula
Paula doesn ’t with Susana 1
very well. They ’re very different people.
2 ________________
________________________________
_____________________________
_____________
3 ________________
_______________________________
_____________________________
______________

U NI
NIT 1 E IN S
SPP IIR
REED
D 11
 LANGUAGE IN ACTION
s e d to

1 Q Match sentences 1-6 with a-f.

* '
1 I used to lilive
ve in the countryside. [c
* <

2 I did n’t use to like co

coffee
ffee..
* *
3 Iused to be really shy.
4 I used to like going to the gym.
* '
5 I used to eat a lot of fast foo
food.
d.
* *
6 Ididn’t use to have many friends.

a Now Idon’t have time. 3 □□ Look at the photos. Complete the sentences with the
correct form of used to.
b Now Ithink it’s unhealthy.
didn’’t use to likeice
1 I didn likeice cream , but now I love it!
it!
c I live in a city now.
2 I , but I play ten nis now.
d Now I have lots.
lots.
3 I , but now I w a nt to be a teacher.
e I’m much more confide nt these days.
4 I , but I have one now.
f Now I have a cup every morning.
5 I . Now I have a new one.

2 Q Complete the text with used to

did n’t use to
to..
or 4 □□ Put the words in the correct order to make questions
with used to.
^ W l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l l l / / ^
1 you I use / to / Did / mobile
mo bile phon es / haveI ?
phones
When Iwas very young, usedto 11 Did you use to have mobile phones?
want to be a swimm ing teacher, because
2 did / How / comm unicate / with / people / use / to / you / ?
| I loved swimming and 12
loved
like our sports teacher.
teacher. Sometimes, I
| 3 wan t to be aan
n 3 free / in / your / What / you / did / use / do / to / time / ?
astronaut as well, because Ireally liked
space. When
When I got older,
older, I started to get 4 old
old /use / peo
peopl
ple
e / What
What / yo
you
u /th in k /d id /o f/ to /?
interested in computers. W We e
4 have a good com
compute
puterr
at home, only a very old one, but then 5 nn Complete the answers to the questions from Exercise 4.
my dad decided to buy a really good one.
Use the correct form of used to and the verbs in the box.
= My paren ts 5 let me spend
much
muc h time on the com pu ter-ju st a few
few be do have (x2)
(x2) read send th in
inkk (x2
(x2)
hours a week. When
When I was 1 3, 1started
learning how to write my own games.
games. 1 Well, no. Igot my first mobile phone 15 years ago. Before
| I6 know how to do that, we didn’t use to have the internet
interne t or even computers.
that before, but Ihad a great teacher We a phon
phonee at home, of course.
at school who showed me how. In the 2 We letters, phone each oth er or just meet
future, I’d like to be a games developer! up a lot. Life calmer then.
then.
— ■ —

% llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^
3 I watch ed TV. I a lo t o f books, too. lot
of people now go shopping. We that
because we didn’t
did n’t have the money
money..
4 Good question! I about them at all! I
Ic ould n’t get old. Is till don ’t think I’m
I’m old!

12 E INSPIRED UNIT 1
 RITING QQ Complete the Use
Useful
ful llang
ang uag e phrases in the
A letter to a magazine letter to a magazine with the words in the box.

1 n Read the compet

competition
ition detail
details.
s. hat is the prize For view opinion Personally
for the b est entry?

4 □ □ Read the letter again. Are

Are the senten ces
(true) or F (false)?

Competition! W ririte
te an
and
d tell us about a 1 The write r wa sn ’t very happy at her old school.
helpful person in your life who you think deserves
an award. As always, the winning letter appears 2 She wen t tto
o a new school because her parents
online in next month’s edition and receives £100! wanted to liv
live
e in tthe
he cou ntryside.
Answer the following questions. 3 Her teach er asked her easy questions in class to
•W h o is the most helpful person you
you know?
know? help her.
•W ha t do/did they do to help
help you
you?
? 4 The w riter thinks Mrs Da
Davies
vies should win the award
•W h y do you think
thi nk they deserve to win an awa
award
rd?
? because she helped build her confidence.

2Q Read the letter to a magazine. Does the writer rit

e your ow
n le
tt er to a magazin
tter magazine
e.
answ er the questions in Exercise 1 in the same
order? PLAN
5 QQ Think of a helpful person you know.
hat do/did
do/did they do
do to help you? hy should
they win the competition?

The most helpful
person I know is my
English teacher,
Mrs Davies. In my
1__ opinion____ , she
opinion__
should definitely win
an award. Here’s why.
A few years ago, I used
to go to a different school
and I liked it i t very much
much..
Then my paren
pa rents ts got nnew
ew jobs
m a different city and I changed schools. In the
new school, I was shy and not at all confident. I
didn’t make any new friends. The only person who
really noticed this was Mrs Davies. She helped
me by talking to me in the class, and putting
me in groups with other friendly students. She
also often asked questions that she knew I could
answer in front of the clas
class.
s. 2------------- m e >that
was a very kind thing to do. 3*------------- I think
WRITE
6 □□□ rite your letter. Rem ember to
include three paragraphs, past tenses, used
to and phrases from theUsefullanguage box
(see Student’s Book, pl7).
CHECK
7 Do yo u.. .
• introd uce the person iin
n the firs t paragrap h?
• say why the
the person should wi
win?
n?
• use language for giving opinions?
I became more confident and sociable because of
Mrs Davies!
jn m y 4 , Mrs Davies deserves an
award because she’s
she’s the ccalmest
almest and most
patient teacher at our school. She’s also sensitive
to people’s feelings and always wants to help her
students. She helped me in a difficu
difficult
lt situation
and she also inspired me to like English!

UNIT 1 | E INSPIRED 13
13
 2 (gircle)the correct prepositions.
1 I always looked upw i t h / t o my older brother when
Iwas young.
2 Don’t look so sad. Cheert o / u p l
I might go out today.
today. It depends o n / o f the
weather.
4 Itried
It ried running five kilometres
kilometre s yesterday, but
but Iwas
tired and gave u p / o u t after four kilometres.
k ilometres.
5 You need
need to be very pat
patient
ient to deal w i t h / o n little
children.
6 Everyone getsi n / o n with John because he’s really
cheerful and sociable.
VOCABULARY 7 Iwas hangingo u t / o n with my friends last
las t night.
8 I used to take carew i t h / o f my little sister when
Match the people with the adjectives in the box.
she was a baby.

active ambitious calm cheerful

LANGUAGE IN ACTION
confident helpful inspiring patient
sensible sensitive sociable talented
\___________________________________ 3 Complete the sentences with the past simple and
1 She runs every morning
mornin g and goes to the gym at the past continuous form
form of the verbs in brackets.
brackets.
weekend, too! 1 I ( w a l k ) to the shops when it
2 Mark always wants to do things for other people.
people. (start) to rain.
2 My f r i e n d ( p h o n e ) me me as
He never gets nervous. He always looks relaxed. I ( w r i t e ) him a text.
What Harryand bby
4 Sara can play the piano very well. She’s also an (do) when they
amazing singer. (hear) the news?

5 Paula loves talking

talki ng to people and making new 4 H e ( f i n d ) an expensive ring
friends. when h e ( c l e a n ) their house.

6 John is 100
100%
% sure about everyth
everything
ing he does - he 5 W e ( le a v e ) Tom’s house when
believes he can do anything. L is a ( a r r iv e ) .
7 Iwas 45 minutes late,
late, but shraf di
didn
dn’t
’t get angry at 6 sI (cross) the road, a woman
all!_______
all! _______ (hit) me with her bike!

8 We all look up to George.

George. He’s an amazing
amaz ing person.

9 Kerry is always playing

playin g tennis. She wants to be a
professional
profession al player
pl ayer one day.
day.
10 Linda is always smiling, eve
even
n when everyone else
else
is sad or tired.
11 Be careful what
wh at you say to Hannah. She gets upset
very easily.
12 Joh
Johann
ann is a serious
seri ous person. He always says and
does the right thing.

14 E INSPIRED UNIT 1
4 Complete the conversation with the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets.
How old is your brother
brot her now?
B He’s nine.
Wow!
Wow! I remember him when h e 1
when (be) a little baby.
B Yes. nd 12 e) care of him, too! 13
(take)
(tak (read) him bedtime stories!
4
(you I give) him food and put him to bed?
B N o , I5 (not do re ntss6
do)) that. My pa rent (do) it. He’s changed a lot. He really
7 (look) up to me, but now he doesn’t!

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete the text with the missing words.(Circle) the correct options.

When my mother was younger,younger, sh e 1 a singer.

I 2 this until recently
recently!! Sh e3 Jong,
blonde hair, and she 4 really strange clothes.
university, sh e 5
In herfir st year at university, some other
people who wanted
wa nted to form a band. The The other people
quickly 6 out that
tha t she was a really talented
singer, so they asked her to join in. S h e 7
singer,
famous, or anyth ing like that, but she had a lot of fu fun.
n.
Unfortunately, 18 any recordings of her singing.
They 9 phones or video cameras then, so Ic an’t
see what she
she looked like
like.. It’s diffic ult to believe tha t my
mum used to be a singer, because she 10 very
serious and sen sible these days! She’s got short, dark
hair and sh e 11 in a bank! Where did that young
pop singe r 12 ?

1 a is b was being c was

2 a not know b didn’t knew c didn’t kno
know
w
3 a was having b did have c used to have
4 a wore b was wearing c wear
5 a was meeting b met c meets
6 a found b find c were finding
7 a weren’t b wasn ’t being
being c didn’t use to be
8 a haven’t got b have not c hasn’t got
9 a weren’t having
having b didn’t used to have c did n’t use tto
o have
10 a always b is always c always is
11 a works b usually works c work
12 a goes b went c go

U NI
NIT 1 E IN S
SPP IIR
REED
D 15
 HAT
IS A R T ?

V O C A BU L A R Y
Visual and performing arts

□ Complete the visual and performing arts

words. Then match the words with photos a-h
1 ±iJ mm aking @
* '
2 s___ ee _ a _t [
* '
3 ____
o e___ o a y a___ e _
4 _ a ___ i o _ _ e _i
_i
5 s u p u e 4 □□ Match the people or things (1-6) with the
6 p o _o
_o__ a _h_
_h_ definitions (a -f).
-f).

7 a c i e u e 1 contempo rary dance [e .

8 i u t a io 2 fashion design
’1 ■
3 street art
2 □□ Correct the sentences by changing the
4 filmmaker
* '
underlined words.
5 sculpture
1 You see paintings and other art fforms
orms in a * '
6 illustrator
performance.
2 gallery is an inside or outside event where a making ob jects that represent things, people or ideas
you can see painting s and oth er art fforms.
orms. b someone who draws pictures for books
c som eone w ho creates movies for TV
TV or cinema
3 n exhibition is the action of entertaining
d working with clothes, shoes and sometimes hairstyles
people by dancing, singing, acting or playing
e moving to mu sic in a modern style
music.________
music. ________ f paintings, graffiti, etc. outside in urban areas
3 Q Q Match the beginnings of the words with
the ends to make the names of the people who
do an activity. Explore
Exp lore it
it!! --------------------
--------------------
Guess the correct answer.
Every minutes, people
an
anc il lu s t r a t
around the world take more photos than
the who le of hum anity took in the 1800
1800s.
s.
a 2 b 10 c 45
sculpt
Find an interesting fact about an art form and
-ist send the question in an email to a classmate or

filmmak ask them in the next class.

fashion esign

16 WH AT IS ART? UNIT 2
 EADING
A m agazine article
article

J □ ook at the photo. What art form can you see and
where do you thi nk it is?

2 n Read the article from an art magazine and check

your answer to Exercise 1.

3 QE3 Match the words in bold in the article with the

definitions.
1 going under water sinking
2 people who work to protect the
environment
Support:
3 a dark orange-brow n metal an art installation
4 put something into posit
position
ion
Sculptor Lorenzo Quinn is the first artist to install
5 an ability to achieve something
a work of art directly into the Grand Canal in
6 keep or maintain someth ing in its position Venice. ut who is he and w wha
hatt does his work
of art mean?
4 □ □ Read the article again. Answer the questions.
Quinn was born in Rome, but he has lived in
1 Where did Lorenzo Quinn study a
art?
rt? Spain and in the USA, where he studied art.
In the USA._________________________________ He hasn't always been a sculptor. He has also
been a singer and he has acted in films -
2 What are
are Qu inn ’s sculptu res norma lly made from?
once as the painter Salvador Dali!
His sculptures have appeared at exhibitions
3 Which important problem d
does
oes u p p o r t deal with? internationally. He usually works with metals
such as bronze, ste
steel
el an
andd aluminium.
alumin ium. ut
what inspired him to make visual art with two \ -
4 ow are the giant hands ‘h elpi ng’ the Ca’ Sagredo
enormous hands?
otel?
Together with manyma ny scient
scientists
ists and
conservationists, Quinn believes that the
5 ow did Qu inn ’s family help with u pport? Mediterranean Sea has risen and is still rising
because of climate change . ecau ecause
se of
higher water levels in the Grand Canal, the
6 Who can
can do something about climate cha
change,
nge,
historic city
cit y of Venice is slowly sinking, they
according to Quinn?
believe.
The art installation, called Support, which
Quinn created for the Venice Art iennale
5 □ □ □ Answer the questions in your own words.
exhibition, warns us about the danger of rising
1 Wha t’s your favourite form of art? Why do you like it? water levels in this amazing city.The two giant
hands 'hold up' the famous Ca' Sagredo
Hotel on Venice's Grand Canal.
Quinn used his son's hands as models for the
2 What other importa nt issues does art often deal 7

with? Think of two examples. huge sculptures

sculptures,, to show the potential of the
next generation.The message is that the future
is in their hands.

UN IT 2 | W HA T IS ART? 17
 ± N / -

A p > •
s >
•
•
u q •
•
•
c
q q •
m A qqq •
q • •
M a u L
e ^ w
^ ^ ^
4
q q ■

6
/ q
• o

q S
qqq •
L
• w qq
p
qD
•
> •
w c
(
q p
a
j
u

M q
M q
•
\

a u
q u
W ^
•
i
qqq •
M ^4
M
q ^ T
p q
(
p y
q u z
q o
q w S £
M /
(
q j
f
j
e
s
^ p
q i

V N Z
VOCABU ARY AND
ISTENING
Music and theatre A c o n v e r s a t io
io n

□ Match the beginnings of the sentences

(1-6) with the ends (a-f).
1 The words of a song

2 A recording studio is where

3 The words an actor says
4 The audience are the people
5 You h
have
ave an audit ion when
6 During a rehears
rehearsal
al

a who listen to the orc

orchestra.
hestra.
b you want a part or role in a play or show.
c are called the lyrics.
d you practise a play, concert or show.
e are called the lines
lines..
f singers and musicians record their music. G 41 QQ isten to Melanie and David talking about Alma
01
Deutscher,, a young m usician. Answ er the questions.
Deutscher
2 □ (Sircl e) the c orr ec t optio ns.
1 ow does Melanie feel about Alma at the beginning of
1 When t h e ( p r c h e s t r d ) / a u d i e n c e stopped
the conversation?
playing their instruments, we stood up
2 Does she
she feel differen tly at the end?
and clapped.
2 In the final s h o w / s c e n e , the friends say D 5 E3E3 isten again and answer the questions.
.01
goodbye and the film finishes.
1 ow does David know so much about Alma Deutscher?
3 I real
really
ly want the l i n e / p a r t of Romeo in
He watche d a programme about
abou t her on YouTu
YouTube
be..
the school production of R o m e o a n d
2 What art form is Alm a’s Cin derella?
Juliet.

4 Wha t’s your favourite type of p a r t / s h o w :

dance, mus ic or theatre
theatre?
? 3 What musical instruments does Alma play?

3 □ □ □ Answer the questions.

4 Where was the performance of Cin derella?
1 ave you ever written lyrics for a song?
What was the song about?
5 ow does Alma get some of her ideas and melodies?

2 ave you ever performed in a play or a

6 What activity is a waste of time, accordin g to Alma?
show? What part did you have
have?
?

3 ave you ever played in or been to see 6 □ □ □ Find out about anothe r talented young perso
person
n lik
like
e
an orchestra? Which one? Alma Deutsche
Deutscher.
r. Write a shor t paragraph abo ut their life and
achievements in your notebook.

UNIT 2 W HAT IIS

S ART? 19
 LANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 □□ (gircl
gircle)the
e)the letter for the correct sentence.
Present perfect with a l r e a d y , ju
ju s t , 1@ I’ve already seen the art exhibition.
exhibit ion.
s t i l l andy e t B lready I’ve seen the art exhibition.
2A Dylan just has left for school.
Q Match sentences 1-6 with a-f.
*' B Dylan has just left for
for school.
1 My mum’s
mum ’s just found her glasses. [c .
* ' 3A She hasn’t tidied her room still!
2 I have
haven’t
n’t seen
seen that film yet.
yet. I ,
* ' B She still hasn’t tidied her room!
3 The show has already started. * ' 4A Hav
Have
e you bought
bou ght the orchestra tickets
tick ets yet?
4 She still
stil l hasn’t
hasn’ t heard
heard from Joel.
*' B Have you bought yet the orchestra tickets?
5 I’ve jus
justt had a second auditi
au dition.
on.
*' 5A Lay and Eva have come back from the cinema just.
6 The children haven’t gone to bed yet.
yet.
B Lay and Eva have just come back from the cinema.
a She hopes he calls soon.
b Ihope Iget the part. 4 E3E3 Rewrite the sentences putting the words in
brackets in the correct position.
c Now she can see the stage.
stage.
1 He
Hey,
y, the gallery
galler y has
has announced
announc ed an exciting
excit ing event, (just)
d They’ ll be tired in the morning.
Hey,
Hey, the gallery has ju s t announced an exciting event.
e We’ve missed the beginning.
2 Have you heard about the Picasso
Pica sso exhibitio
exhib ition?
n? (yet
(yet))
f We’ve got
got tickets to see it tomorrow.

□□ Look at the photos. rite sentences about 3 Someone has discovered an unknown painting, (just)
what has just happened.

4 The gallery has bought it from a collector

collecto r in Paris.
(just)______________________________________
(just) ______________________________________
5 It seems th
they
ey have agreed a fair price, (already)

6 They haven’t told anyone how much they paid,

though, (still)_______
(still)_______

5 □□□ Put the words in the correct order to make

make
sentences and questions.
1 youI yetI seen / new / theI Shrek film / HaveI ?
1 she I cut his hair Have
HaveLy
LyQL
QLLs
Lsee
een
n theLiiew_S
theLiiew_Shrekj&lm
hrekj&lm y e t ^

i^eJnasJuatc^^^ 2 art gall

gallery
ery / already
alrea dy / to / Enzo / the / has / gone / .
2 The children / finish school for the day
3 still
stil l / art project / finished / Susie / her / hasn’t /.
3 they / have a swim
4 audition / you / your / had / yet / Have / ?
4 he / make a cake
5 have / They / in town / just / held / an exhibition
exhibitio n //..
5 the girls / see a funny film
6 three times
time s / been / have / We
We / to / already
alre ady / the
6 the boy / give her some flowers theatre/this month / !

20 WH AT IS ART? UNIT 2
 RITING Q hich paragraph (A-D)...
A review 1 gives a descript
desc ription
ion of the band and its music? E3
2 explains what the reviewer liked / didn’t like about
1 Q Look at the photo. (^irde)the correct answer. it
it??
The New Dance School is ... 3 gives details of where you can see the band?
a a classical orchestra. c a group of dancers,
4 explains who the band’s audience is?
b a music group.

2 Q Read the review. hy does the reviewer 4 Q (Circle)the correct words in the Use
phrases. Then check in the review.
Useful
ful language
lang uage
recommend The New Dance School?
1 I’ve
I’ve((jiever) / ever heard anything like it before.
2 It’s
It’sin/on
in/on a t . ....
3 Irecommend/
recommend/ recommend
recommending
ing it because ...
4 It’s the best performance I’veever/never
I’veever/never been to.
5 How/What I liked / didn’t like about it was ...

5 □□ Read the review again. Answer the questions.

1 Who is the concert for, in the reviewer’s opinion?

2 What does
does the reviewer
rev iewer like best about the band?
band?

rite your own review of

of a music concert.

A Have you seen The New Dance School yet? PLAN •

•
I’ve never heard anything like it before.The g E3E3 Make notes on
on a music concert
conc ert you have ;
band is perfect for lovers of international music been to or seen on TV. ’
- it ’s the best perform
performance
ance I’ve
I’ve ever bee
been
n to!
Where did you see it? •
The New Dance School’s music isn’t exactly
Who was the concert for?
rock. It’s a bit like world music, but you can
really dance to it! The musicians are all really What was it like? <
talented.They create powerful rhythms with What did you like / not like about it?
a number of d ifferent instruments, lilike
ke sita
sitars,
rs,
bongos and steel drums
drum s - it ’s ama
amazing.
zing.
7 Decide what information to include in each
paragraph. Use the information in Exercise 3
What I liked about it was that the performers
to help you.
were so happy and there was a lot of
movement in their music.They make you feel WRITE
cheerful. I was sitting in the audience, but I 8 QE3Q rite your review. Remember to
really wanted to get up and dance! include four paragraphs, the present perfect
and phrases from the Use
Useful
ful language
lang uage bo
boxx
D I saw them at my local village hall. It was so
(see Student’s Book, p29).
cool! These musicians haven’t been together
very long, but they have a big future! The next CHECK
New Dance School concert is on at the Edale
Music Festival, so don’t miss it. I recommend 9 Do you...
• describ
des cribe
e the event?
it because the music has great energy and it • say who it is for?
makes you want to dance. • say what you
you liked / didn’t
did n’t like about it?

UN IT 2 | W HA T IS ART? 21
 2 R E V IE
IE W

VOCABU ARY A N G U A G E IN A C T I O N

omplete
omplete the sentence s with
with the words in
in the box.
box. 3 Writee question s and shor t answers (affirmati
Writ (affirmative
ve or
negative)
negati ve) in the pre sent perfect.
architect ure contemporary
architecture contempo rary dance exhibition
exhibition 1 you / see the new Almodovar movie? (/)
filmmaking illustrations performance
photography sculptures stre et art gallery
gallery
k____
________
________
________
______
__ __ > 2 he / take photos of his sculpture? (/)
1 Eduardo goes to the cinema a lot because
becaus e he’s
he’s
in terested in . the visitors / come
com e from all over the world? (X)
2 Lorenzo
Lorenzo Quinn
Quinn m ak
akes
es of people and
things from different metals.
4 she / ever sing in front of a big audience? (X)
Il o v e , b ut you need a lot of energy
and rhythm to move your body to the music.
5 they / hear your
your new song?
song? (/)
( /)
4 The Louvre
Louvre in Paris is
is the
th e most
mo st famous
famo us art
ar t
in the world - the ona Lisa is there.
5 They saw a wonderful of paintings 6 you / have many exhibitions? (X)

and sculptures by a local artist.

6 T he in this book are in black and 7 sh e /b e to that galle
gallery
ry bef
befor
ore?
e? (/)
white, not colour.
7 We saw
sa w a of High Schoo l usical at our 8 the sh ow /w in many awards? (X
(X)
local theatre - it was quite good.
8 I bought a new camera for
for my class.
I’ve taken some great pictures.
9 is to design, plan and make buildings. 5 (n) a_---------
a_ --------- ; a short performance that an actor,
10 Some is OK, but Ireally don’t like dancer, etc. gives to show they can play a
particular part
graffiti. It looks messy.

2 Read
Read the definitions and complete th e words. 5 (n) 1 : the words o f a song

1 (n) o : a big group o f musicians who play (n) r_______

r_______ : the time when all the people
different instruments together in a play, dance, etc. practise to prepare for a
performance
2 (n ) pp_______
_______ : one of the people in a film, play or
dance 8 (n ) 1----------- - the words that an actor speaks
when performing in a film, play, etc.
(n) s_______
s_______ : a part of a play or film in which
the action happens in one place (n) s ~ -a theatre performance or a
television or radio programme
( ? 3 ----------- : t h e g r o u P o f
People together
People t ogether in one
10 (n) r _s_ : a pla
place
ce where a
place to watch or listen to a play, film, etc.
musician makes and records their songs

22 WH AT IIS
S ART? UNIT 2
4 Make the sentences negative using the words in brackets.
1 I’ve just done my homework, (not yet) 5 The sculpto r has explained his work, (still not)
not)

2 He’s read that book already, (still not) 6 We’ve just bough
b oughtt your new CD.
CD. (not yet)
yet)

3 We’ve been to Venice, (still not) 7 She’s just met the photographer, (still no
not)
t)

4 The performance has just begun, (not yet) 8 I’ve been into Paul’s recording studio, (not yet)

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete the conversation

conversat ion with the missing word
words.
s. (€ircle)t
€ircle)the
he correct options.
opt ions.

INTERVIE ER Hello and welcome.

welcome . We’ve got some great music for you todaytoday,, but 11 that one of our
most talented
talente d young singers, Lexi Wes
West,
t, is in the re
recording
cording studio. Welcome to London, Lexi!
Lexi!
LEXI Thanks! It’s great to b
be ctually , 12
e here. ctually, a house in the city. It’s all very new and
exciting for me!
INTERVIE ER Yeah?
Yeah? Where
Whe re 3 live? You were born in Scot
Scotland
land,, right? But of course
cours e you4 all
over the world.
LEXI Tha t’s right. 15
right. York,, but while 16
back from New York and work
working
ing abroad, I
did n’t have my own place. 17
didn’t with my parents.
INTERVIE ER Was there a lot of music in your home
hom e when you 8 , Lexi?
Lexi? I believe your father
9 songs for you.
LEXI Ye
Yes,
s, th at ’s right.
right. My dad was definitely
def initely my inspiration, but he was also very sensible. I
10 on TV as a teenager, but he never let me miss school! Is t il 1l 1 his advice:
it’s OK to be ambitious but don’t get impatient!
12
INTERVIE ER Well, Lexi, you three numbe
numberr one hits, so you did
didn’t
n’t have to wait very long to be
famous!

1 a ’ve still heard haven’t heard c ’ve just heard

2 a didn’t buy ’ve just bought c was just buying
3 a did you use to were you used to c use you to
4 a haven’t travelled ’ve travelled c weren’t travelling
5 a was coming have already come c ’ve just come
6 a was singing wasn’t singing c used to sing
7 a didn ’t use to was living c haven’t lived
8 a have grown up grew up c were growing up
9 a has just written
w ritten didn’t use to write c used to write

10 a performing was performing c have just performed

11a used to forget was forgetting c haven’t forgotten
12 a ’ve already had haven’t had c were having

UNIT 2 W HAT IIS

S ART? 23
 3 QE3 Complete the spidergrams with words from
SPREAD
3 THE ORD!
Exercise 1.

with your face

with your voice
voice
V O C A BU L A R Y
Communicating

1 Q Put the letters in order to make words

about communicating.
1 tereg g r _e__e_i
2 retgesu g
3 besiredc d
4 p t r e e r t in i
4 □□ Complete the story with the correct form of words from
Exercise 1.
5 stpo p
6 eksha nsdah s h
I met my friend Kazue yesterday ffor
or the first
first time! ctually, Ifirst
7 le im s s
met her online ab out six months ago. She’s from Japa n and now
8 vewa w she’s visiting my country with her family. I 1__ greeted her at
9 latsenrta t______________ the airp ort when she arrived. In her emails, sh e 2
10 wrheips w herself as quite small, but in fact she ’s a
ass tall as me. I also met her
brother and her parents. Iwanted to 3 hands with
11 tsuho s_
4
them, but Kazue
Kazue quie tly in my
my eartha t Japanese
2 QQ Complete the sentences with words people don ’t usually do that when they me
meet.
et. Ialready knew what
from Exercise 1. her brother like,, because Kazue som etim es 5
brother looked like
photos of him online. He was very friendly and h e 6 a
thumbs
thum bs up sign is a __gesture__that
lot. Kazue’s parents don’t speak English, but Kazue 7
means ‘good’.
everything I said into Japanes e. Kazue and her family were tired
2 Id on’t know what Jackie looks like.
like. Can
Can
and wanted to go to their hotel. I arranged to meet Kazue the next
you her to me?
and w e 8
day and goodby e as they drove away in a taxi.
Don’t sp eak loudly. P l e a s e .
You’ll wake up the baby.
These instructio ns are in French.
French. I need
Explore it!
someone
someon e to them for me.
5 There’s Lucy across the road. Let’s Guess the correct answer.
at her.
her. Maybe she will
w ill see People originally shook hands because ...
...
us.
us. a they wanted to find out how strong the
I only when I’m very angry.
angry. other person was
was..
Everyone understands when you they wanted to show that
tha t they did n’t want to start a fight
fight,,
at them. It means you ’re they wanted to check that
tha t the other person had clean
happy. hands.
8 It
It’s
’s good to comm
comments
ents Find an interesting fact about greetings and send the
online and then wait for people to reply
question in an email to a classmate or ask them in the
to them.
next class.

24 SPREAD THE W ORD ! UNIT 3

 EADING
An article

□ Look at the photo. hat emotions/act

emotions/actions
ions do the
emojis show?

2 Q Read the article and complete the paragraphs (A-D)

with the headings (1-4).
1 From Japan to the world
2 The most popular symbol
3 Japan’s alphabets
4 world language
Emoji
the world’s most popular alphabet?

3 Q Find adverbs in the article with the meanings below.

Di
Didd yyou ou know that the Japa nese languag e has thre e
1 in a good way (paragraph
(para graph ) well
alphabets? One alphabet, k a t a k a n a , is mo stly for for
2 with no problems
prob lems (paragraph B) foreign words, like ‘pizza’ ‘pizza’ (L °tf). Th is alph abe t has 48
3 very much (paragraph
(paragraph C)
C) characters, or letters and symbols. Another alphabet,
h i r a g a n a , is usually for grammar words, like the
4 not how you
you expect (paragraph D)
D) word ending ‘L7c ’, which chan ges a verb into the past
tense - similar to -e d in English.H i r a g a n a has 46
4 Q Q Rea
Read
d the articl
articlee again. Are the sentences 7 (true)
(true) characters. A third alphabet, k a n j i , has about 50,000
or F (false)? Correct the false sentences. different symbols. It is usually for verbs, adjectives
and nouns. For example, ‘JL ‘JL’is the Jap ane se symbol
1 hiragana
For verb endings like-ing, Japanese people use the
alphabet. for ‘m ou nta in’ in’.. Often a piece of w riting con tains all
three alpha bets at the same time time!! Le arning written
_____________________II ____________________
_____________________ Jap ane se well can be difficult
difficult!!
2 Katakana has got the most symbols. B __________________________________________________

But there is another kind of ‘alphab et’ from Japan,

3 Yo
You
u can’t
ca n’t use more than one alphabet
alph abet in one text. which everyone c an ea sily recognise. YouYou probably use
it a lot when you com munica te with friends. It doesn’t
doesn’t
use letters, it uses emoji, which translates as ‘picture
4 The first emoji didn’t
did n’t express many different feelings. ch ara cte r’ in English. We can a ll recognise emoji when
we see them. Th ey show a huge ran ge of feelings or
actions, from love and sadness to dancing and waving.
5 In paragraph C, ‘ones’ refers to ‘people’.

6 The writer hopes emoji will become an international The Japanese have used emoji
since 1999. Of course, the se
language in the future. early emoji were very simple
and people could only use
them to show basic emotions.
5 □□□ Answer the questions in your own words. Since then, the y have become more and more popu lar
aroun d the world and the num ber of emoji
emoji symbols
symbols
1 Which emoji do you use most often? Why?
has greatly increased - nonow
w there are nearly 3,
3,000
000
off
offici
icial
al ones.
ones. Everyone can u nd ersta nd emoji
emoji - it
doesn’tt m atte r which country they are from.
doesn’ from.

2 part from using emoji, how else can we show

emotionss in text messages?
emotion And w hat is the m ost common emoj emojii symbo
symboll tha t
people use? Surprisingly, it is not a smiling face or
a he ar t. I t is the ‘te ar s of joy’ emoji,
emoji, showing a face
laughing and crying happi happily.
ly. P erhaps in the fu ture,
3 Is the alphabet
alp habet in your language different from they will create an emoji for every possible emotion
English? How? and we will be able able to comm unicate with anyone in
the world, only by using emoji symbols! symbols!

UNIT 3 SPREAD THE W ORD ! 25

 LANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 ESQ Complet
Complete
e the blogs
blogs with
with one word in each gap.
can, co ld, w ill be able to

1 Q Are these sentences about the past,

HOME ABOUT ME RCHIVE FOLLOW
present oor
fruture?
future?
1 Most people couldn’t send each other Julia
quick messages
messages 30 years ago.
ago .past
11 couldn’t play the piano very well when Iwas

2 It’s
It’s possible that
th at we will be able to younger. Ididn’t like practising because the piano
interpret any language on a smartphone
smartp hone was in our living room downstairs. That meant
app.--------
app. -------- everyone had to listen to me when I played and
3 nimals can’t
ca n’t communicate in the same
same no on e 2 watc h TV or read. Now I’ve got an
an
electric piano and 13 use headphones. It’s great
way that humans can.
4
because my fam ily hear anything I’m p laying! So
4 Icouldn
Ic ouldn’t
’t speak until Iwas
I was three
three year
yearss now I’m practising a lot and 15 play quite well.
old._____
old. _____
5 Iwon’t be able to use my phone
in the mountains.
Liam
2 QE3 Complete the conversation with the 16 swim at all, but I’d like to. Last
correct form of can, could o
or
r ill be able to
w
will summer, I went with my friends to the beach
7
and the verbs in brackets. and 1 join in the fun in the water. That
made me feel sad, so I hope 18 be able
to start taking lessons in the next
next few
few months. I know
KIM \Can you tell (you / tell) me why
\Ca n you
that 19 be able to sw im like a fish after just a few
you didn’t
did n’t reply to my email? lessons, but Ijust want to be confiden t in the water so that I
DAN Sorry! Iwas at my grandparents’ 10 be able to swim with my friends next summer!
house in the middle of
o f the
2
countryside. 1 (not use)
my phone. 4 Q Q Q Look at the information about Olga. rite sentences
with the correct form of con, could andwill be able to
to..
KIM Really? But you 3 (post)
messages online. Isaw
I saw them.
them. 1 2 3 4
DAN Err, yes, but 14 (not check) play type sleep ten ask her
my emails. the piano quickly hours a parents for
KIM Right, anyway,5 (you/ night money
help)
help) me practise my presentation when
tomorrow for next week’s test? she was X
DAN Sorry, 16 (not do) it then. younger
I’m really busy. 17
(help) now J X J
you now, though. in the
KIM Oh, I 8
(not practise) now. I r
future
haven’t written anything yet.
1 Olga couldn’t play the piano w
when
hen she was younge
younger,
r,
DAN Well, we 9 (write) it
hut_5±e_can_now._
together now,
now, if you want. What’s
the topic of the presentation? 2 ___________________________________

KIM How to communicate successfully! 3 ___________________________________

4 ___________________________________

26 S P R E A D T H E W O R D ! UNIT 3
 ISTENING AND VOCABU ARY
A radio interview Collocations with s a y andt e l l

1 □ □ Listen to a radio interview □ Complete the flashcards with a y ortell.

01
about dolphins. Tick (/) the topics
that the people talk about. 4
1 □ dolphin communication and
language
2 dolphin greetings hello a st
story
ory yes/no
3 the language of human babies
4 dolphin body language
5 how quickly dolphins can swim
6 new technology sorry (something)
in Italian
O 2 Listen again. Are the sentences
01
T (true) orF (false)?
1 Sara thinks that all dolphins speak
the same language. F someone
2 Scientists believe dolphins have got
the truth
names._____
names. _____ a sec
secret
ret
3 Dolphins talk to each other at
the same time without stopping. 4 □ □ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
collocations from Exercise 3.
4 In one experiment, two dolphins 1 Can I tell you a _seeret_? But promise you won’t tell
spoke on a phone. anyone else.
5 Dolphins can communicate over long 2 How do y o u ‘thank you’ ?
distances. 3 Let me you a about how I met my best friend.
6 Scientists have got the technology to 4 The interviewer asked me if I wanted the job. I , of
of
translate what dolphins are saying. course!
5 Maria says she hasn’t got any money, but I don’t think she’s
. She always wears expensive clothes.
6 I to your brother in the street, but he didn’t answer me
and continued walking!
7 Il i k e , but I can ne
never make them sound funny.
8 I want to for shouting at you last week.
9 Ed jus t me a b i g . I’ll never believe him again!

□ □ □ Answer the questions.

1 Have you ever told a ‘good’ lie to help someone? What lie did
you tell?

2 When you have a secret, who do you tell?

3 How many languages can you say something in? Which languages?

UNIT 3 SPREAD THE W ORD ! 27

LANGUAGE IN ACTION Present perfect and past simple
Present perfect with f o r / s i n c e an d
H o w l o n g ..
... ? 3 nn Complete the joke with the past simple or
present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Q (Circle)the best ending for each sentence.
® My friend 1 told
1 I’ve lived here f o r ...
(a) two years. b Iwas 14 years old. (tell) me a funny
joke this morning. I
2 I’ve had this phone f o r ... ► 2 (hear) a
a a longtime. b 2015. &
lot of jokes in my
3 I haven’t
have n’t eaten anything since
since ...
... ► life, but this one
►
►3
a about three hour
hours.
s. b this morning. ► (make)
► me laugh when I
4 I’ve been able to speak
spea k French since ... ►
►4 If ►
► ►
a 10 years ago. b Iwas a child. ► ►
► girl and her father5
herfather (be) at the dinner ►
5 My best friend and I have known eac
each
h other f o r ... ► ►
► table, having some soup. The girl 6 (ask) ►
a six years. b we started school ► ►
► her dad, ‘Dad, are spiders nice to eat?’ ‘What a ►
together. ► ►
► horrible question,’ 7 (say) the father. ‘Can’t ►
► ►
6 Max has been
been on the computer
comput er since ...
... ► you think of anything nicenice to say a att dinne rtime ? ►
► ►
a all day. b he woke up. ► Please let me eat. 1 8
(eat not) anything
►
► sinc
sincee this morning!’ TheThe g ir l 9 (decide) to ►
2 □□ Complete the questions with How long and the ► be quiet. They both 1 ►
►
0 (eat
(eat)) the ir dinne r ►
present perfect form of the verbs in the box. ► in silence. ►
Later,, the girl’s fa th er 11
► silence. Later ►
► ‘Why did you want to know about spiders earlier?’ ►
/----------------------------------------\
► ►
be have know like live ► She replied, ‘Oh, there was a spider in your soup. ►
\ ______________ __________ _______________ ________ / ► ►
► But it 1 ►
A 1 How long have you lived
lived here?
her e? ►
2
(go) now.’ ►
►
B For about six months. I really like it here
here.. It’s a
nice city.
4 QQ rite questions with the present perfect or the
past simple.
A So Emma and Kirsty are friends? 2
la you / ever / te
tellll / a lie? JHave_yoii^veri
JHave_yoii^verioL±aJie2_
oL±aJie2_
each other?
b W ho/ you /tell/the lie to?
B Since they were about three years old. They’ve
been best friend s for ages
ages!!
A Id idn ’t know Olivi
Olivia
a liked
liked watching tenni
tennis.
s. c W h y/yo u /tel l /i t?
3 it?
B For a long time. Sh e’s played in the school team 2 a anyo ne/ eve r/te ll / yo
you
u a se
secr
cret?
et?
since she was really
re ally young.
A I see that
tha t Will’s g
got
ot a n
new b ike .4
ew bike it? b it / a very big secret?
B For ages.
ages. He needed a new one. The old one was
too sma ll for him.
him. c you / ever / tell / another person the secret?
A I’m sorry I’m late, eve ryo ne. 5
late, everyo here?
B Not long. Don’t worry. We only got here ten
minutes ago. 5 □□□ Choose question 1 or 2 from Exercise 4.
rite your answers.
28 SPREAD THE W ORD ! UNIT 3

RITING 2 QQ Read the listicle again and complete the

A lis tic le sentences.
1 People pay more attention to y
you
ou when yo
you
u
1 Q Rea
Read
d the listicle and (circle)the best title. use your han ds and gesture, and make eye conta ct.
1 How to
to comm unicate with peo ple fr
from
om other 2 lets the listener know how you ar
are
e
countries feeling.
2 How to be a good langua ge learner 3 G o o d c o m m u n i c a t o r s l i s te n a n d .
3 How to
to be a better com mu nicat or 4 It’
It’ss a bad idea to not tell the truth whe n you me et
p e o p le b e c a u s e .
5 T e llin g jo k e s h e lp s t h e lis t e n e r t o b e .

3 H Q (6ircle)the correct meanings for the Useful

language words and phrases.
1 rs(recently)/since I was a baby
rs(recently)/since
over the last few yea
2 sinceat the mo m en t/ ro m a speci
speci ic ti
time
me in the
the post
3 beforeea rlie r/a te r s
som
ome
e time ha
has
s passed
passed
4 later ona ter some
some time has passed/ recently
recently
5 since I was born/at the moment
all my life
6 these daysat
a t the
the mom ent/earlier
Over the last few years, I’ve [earned a few things and now
I can communicate much better than before. Here are my 7 soonea rlie r/in th
the
e very
very near uture
uture
top five tips.
• Use body
bod y language
rite your own listicle.
Use your hands and gesture to make a point, and
always make eye contact. Since I started doing this, PLAN
people have paid a lot more attention to me!
4 Choose one of the other titles from
• Use into nation
nat ion Exercise 1 for your listicle and write some
Uour tone of voice, that is how it sounds, shows your notes.
feelings.
feeling s. If your voice sounds
sounds fla t and bored, your listener
will be bored, too! efoefore,
re, I didn’t us
use
e to tthin
hinkk abou t Title
intonation, but now I understand that how you say Introduction
something is very impo rtan
something rtant.
t. list of five tips
• Be a good listen
listener
er
short ending
Good communicators listen. Of course, say what you
want to say, but later on, ask questions to find out WRITE
what the other person is thinking. 5 □□□ rite your listicle. Remember to
• Be yourself! include an introduction, five tips and a
Most people can tell when someone is telling a lie. All my short ending, can, could, will be able to and
life, I’ve never been very con
confid
fiden
entt or sociab
sociable.
le. e honest the correct past tenses, and Useful language
and don’t
don’t tr y to appear mo
more
re confident than you rreal
eally
ly a
are
re..
words and phrases.
Always be yourself.
• Teltjokes CHECK
Smile and try to find the funny side whenever you 6 Do you ...
can - this will make your listener more relaxed. This is • have an inte restin g title to inter est the
especially important these days, when the world can reader?
be such a serious place. • have an end ing to make the reader think?
Try to use some of these helpful tips and you’ll soon be
able to see the difference it makes!
 UNIT 3 SPREAD THE W ORD ! 29

3 R E V IE
IE W

VOCABU ARY

J (girde)the correct words.

People ■ reet/gesture each other in many

ways when they meet. AU around the world,
it’s very common to 2wh isp e r/ wave when
you want to attract someone’s attention, and
then simply 3s m i l e / s h o u t to show that you are
happy. If we don’t do this, then the other person
might in te rp re t/ tran slate your serious face as
meaning that you don’t want to meet them.
Perhaps the most common way to say hello in
Europe and North America is to 5 wave / shake
hands. In other places, like Japan, people bow
(move their head and body forwards). In the
ANGUAGE IN ACTION
Philippines, some people perform a ^gesture/
shake called mano (this Spanish word1p o s t s / 3 Tick (/) the correct sentences and correct five
translates as ‘hand’ into English), putting the incorrect sentences
other person’s hand on their head. In some 1 I can swim when I was only two years old.
cultures, people put their noses together when
they meet. In Costa Rica, however, people
2 I think I can to be able to get a good job
8
sh ou t/ wh isp e r ‘Ooooooooopppe!’ in a very
in the future.
loud voice when they meet!

I couldn’t come to the party last night

because I was ill.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
a y ortell.
1 Can I you a secret? 4 Will you be able to phone me when you
get home?
2 I’d like to know how t o ‘ I love you ’ in
Italian.
5 I can’t speak English until I went to school.
When you don’t want to do something, you can
always no
no..
4 I know
kno w I said
sai d I was 16, but I wasn
wa sn’t
’t the 6 Can you watch TV late at night at the
truth. weekend?

5 Paula didn’t
did n’t hello to me at the party
party..
6 George me the story of how his parents 7 The school will be able let me know about
met. It was really funny. my exam results next week.

7 I’m not very good a t lies - my face always

goes red! 8 Now I could speak Italian well, but in the
8 Mike a really terrible joke and no one past I couldn’t.
laughed.
30 SPREAD THE WO RD! | UNIT 3

4 Complete the sentences with

with the past simple
simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I ( l i v e ) in London for about ten years - Ilo
Ilove it here.
2 Before you came to Lo
Lon
ndon
on,, h
ho
ow l o n g ( y o u / live) in New York?
I t ( b e ) 50 years si
sin
nce th
the
e fir
irsst man st
ste
epped on
on th
the
e Mo
Moon.
4 T h e y ( n o t learn) muc
much
h Ru
Russia
ssian
n iin
n Mos
Mosccow - the
they
y were only
only ther
there
e fo
forr tw
two
ommon
onth
ths.
s.
5 My s i s t e r ( n o t finish) rre
eading that
hat bo
book, bu
but she wi
will
ll soon.
6 I (not do) any exercise last week, so Iwan
Iwantt to do llo
ots this
this week.
7 You and Frank get on really well. How l o n g ( y o u I know) him?
8 Ican’
Ican’tt pl
play
ay foot
footba
ball
ll th
this
is aft
fter
erno
noon
on be
beca
cau
use I ( f a l l ) of
offf my bike
ike ye
yest
ste
erda
rday.

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete
Complete the text with the missing
missing words.
words. (gi
gird
rde)the
e)the correct options.

1
heard
heard the story The Boy Who Cried Wolf? The parents of a young boy
asked him to look after their sheep on a lonely mountain. The b oy 2
boy
yes,, but he soon found that it was a very boring job. fter about four hours, he
yes
decided to do something
somet hing interesting. He started shouting, ‘ Help
Help!! Wolf!’ There
There
3 no wolf, of course, but his parents came running.
‘Where’s the wolf?’ they
the y asked.
‘Sorry!’’ sai
‘Sorry! said boy ,‘ 14
d the boy,‘ .
The parents5 very angry and went back to the village. few hours
6
when suddenly
sudde nly the boy saw a real wolf! ‘ Help!
Help! Wolf!’ he shouted. But
this time, no one came.
came. They thought it was a joke aga again! T h is 7
in! Th an old
8
story, but the message is still relevant. For example,
example, once 1 to go to
school, so Itold my parents
parents Iwas ill.
ill. Idon ’t 9
I don’t tell lies, so they believed
me and Ididn’t go to school that day. But unfortunately, the next week, Ireally
was ill. My parents didn’t believe me this time and 110 stay at home - I
11
felt terrible! 1 lied since then! So remember:
remember: do
don’t
n’t tell lies,
lies, because
one day you 12 cry wolf
wo lf when you really need
need to!

a Have you ever b Have ever you c Haven’t you never

a is saying b said c told
a is b were c was
a was joking b joke c have joked
5 a was b were c have been
6 a are passing b have passed c passed
a has been b is being c is
8 a didn’t want b didn ’t wan
wanted
ted c couldn’t want
a usually b never c sometimes
10 a won’t be able b couldn’t c can’t
a don’t b didn’t c haven’t
a can’t b couldn’t c won’t be able to
 UNIT 3 | S P R E A D T H E W O R D ! 31

4 □□
H E A L T H Y BODY,
(Circle)the correct options.

4 H EA LTH Y M IN D

V O C A BU L A R Y
Health and fitness

1 Q Complete
Complete the words and phrases with the vowels (a, e, i, o, u).
1 sw_e_at 8 h_v_ _ f_v_r CARO Hey
Hey,, zra! Do you want to go
2 c_
c___ gh 9 g t _ ll Xogging)/sweating in the park?
3 r_l_x 10 g t str_ss _ d Meet me there?
4 tr___
___ n 11 w _rm_p AZRA Sorry, Ican’t.
Ica n’t. I’m getting ^better/
stressed about my exams.
exams.
5 sn___z_ 12 w _ rk ___ t
CARO Oh, come on! Working 34o u t / i n
6 g t b_ tt _r 13 g t _ n__ gh si
si__
___
_ p
wil
willl be good for you! __ I
7 g j -gg ng
AZRA I have a ^sneeze/fevertoo. I’m

2 Q Tick (/) the words or phrases which are in the correct really hot and Ifeel terrible.
column
column and put a cross (X) next to the words in the incorr
incorrect
ect CARO Oh, no! But it isn’t a good idea
column. Then write one extra word for each column. to do school work
w ork if you
you want
56
to get
ge t better /stressed. I
AZRA I know ... anyway,
anyway, you’re
you’ re
^train
^tr ing / relaxing for the
aining
marathon
marat hon - it’s very
very difficult
to run
run with you! ~
CARO OK
OK.. Get enough 7exercise/
sleep. Don’t study all night!
AZRA OK, and don’t forget to 8work
o u t / w ar m u p before running.
You hurt your leg last time!

3 QQ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

words from Exercise
Exercise 1.
Explore it!
1 Is it true tha
hatt you can
can’t
’t _ with your eyes open? Guess the correct answer.
2 Sam is for a half marathon at the moment. lmost half of all the bones
3 Isabel
Isabel can’t
can ’t come today. She’s not feeling
feeli ng very well. in the human body are in the
hands and feet/legs and arm s/
B Oh
Oh,, no
no!! I hope sh e soon!
head an d back.
4 He a lot when he exercises. His clothes get
very wet! Find an interesting
interesting fact about exercise
and the human body and send the
5 Remember
Remember to to before you run or do exercise,
question in an email to a classmate or
especially
especi ally in cold weather.
ask them in the next class.
6 Don’t about your exams - relax, you’ll be OK!
32 HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND | UNIT 4

READING
Online FAQs

1 Q Match th e p ho tos (a—d) w ith th e FA

FAQ
Qs and
answers (1-4).

Home News FAQs

Re a d so me o f o u r FAQs a b o u t ke e p in g fit a n d
h e a lth y d u rin
rin g th e sch o o l w e e k a n d stu d y se ssio n s.

1 Q What can I do to get active during a school day and
when can I do it?
A Getting exercise on a school day can be easy. Not
enough people cycle or walk to and from school. And if
that takes too much of your time, then use your lunch
break to exercise or join a sports club after school.
2 Q I spend too much time sitting at a desk and not
4 Q There is too much noise and stress in my life. How can I
get a little quiet time?
A One word: yoga. The practice of yoga is hundreds of
years old and when you find a little time between studying
and exams to relax in this way, you can concentrate better.
It’s free and it’s easy to do alone!
GET MORE INFORMATION HERE

enough time on my feet. What can I do?

A We spend too many hours sitting at a desk or in front of Q B Re
Read
ad the o nline FAQs agai
again
n and answ er the
a screen. Standing up exercises many different mu scle s. questions.
These muscles can become w e a k when we don’t use 1 What times of the day ccan
an students do exer
exerci
cise,
se,
them enough. You can now buy a d ju sta b le desks, which according to the FAQs?
you can make higher so you can stand up while working.
before and af te r school
school an
and
d a t luncht
lunchtime.
ime.
It’s a good idea to stand and walk around every half an
2 What ccan
an happen to the
the body when we don ’t sstand
tand
hour during long study sessions.
up regularly?
3 Q What are fitness balls and how can they help me?
A Some people say they feel too silly sitting on a big
3 How ofoften
ten do you need
need to move around when
plastic ball.
ball. ut fitness balls are a great way to work
studying?
out, as they help to build the muscles in your b a c k
and sto ma ch ... all while you’re sitting down! A fitness
ball for home study is perfect for long hours sitting 4 Why is the fitness ball unp opu lar with some
at a desk. people?

5 How can a fitness ball help your body?

2 □ □ Match the words in bold in the online FAQs
with the meaning
meanings.
s.
6 Which activity can students do to relax,
relax, according
1 you need these
these to carry heavy obje cts mus
muscles
cles to the FAQs?
2 the opposite of str
strong
ong
3 where food goes in the body
4 the p art of a compu ter where you se
see
e words or 4 □ □ □ Answer the questions.
pictures 1 Which o f the thin gs in the FAQs hav
have
e you tried?
5 if something is this, you can change
change it to make it
better. 2 Think o f on
one
e m ore FA
FAQ abo ut young peop le’s
6 the part of the body which is opposite
opposite to the fron t health and fitness.
 UNIT 4 | HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND 33

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 4 □□ Match the meanings (a-e) with the

Qua ntifie rs sentences
sentences (1-5) in Exercise 3.
* '
a He/She’s too young. [5.
1 Q Complete the sentences with much or
or
many.
b They’re too sho
short.
rt.
*
[,
'

1 Kylie did too muc uch

h exercise yes
yesterda
terday
y and now
c They’ re not quiet enough.
she’s very tired. * '
d It’s not high enough.
2 Is itit possible
poss ible to have to o fun at the weekend? * '
e There are too many people. .
3 There were too people
peopl e in the pool, so we
didn’t
didn ’t swim.
swim. 5 E3DQ Complete the online post and its
4 Everyone
Everyone Iknow
I know has
has to o work to take winter response with the phrases in the box.
holidays.
5 Skiing costs too money for most students. a few problems enough strength
6 To
Tooo students get stressed at exam time. not enough answers not enough options
too many questions
questio ns too old too young (x2)
\ /
2 Q Match the beginnings
Match beginnings of the sentences
sentences (1-6)
(1-6) with
the ends (a-f).
* '
1 Swimm
Swimming
ing is grea
great,
t, but only a few .
Young Teen Health FORUM
2 Please give me a little more
* *
Posts:
3 Relaxing is hard:
hard: I need a litt
little
le * '
4 Our near
nearest
est gym is a few I_ I'd like to see more advice about health and
* *
5 It’s very hot, so take a little fitness for boys on this website. There are
* ' 1
6 Stand up for just a few too many questions—from teenage girls
and 2 for boys. What advice can you
a minutes every half an hour. give young male teens for a regular work out?
b kilometres aw
away.
ay. Ahmet

c schools have got swimming pools.

Thanks for your comment, Ahmet! Teenage
d water with you. boys can also have 3 with their body
e help from my yoga teacher. image as they are growing up and changing.
f time to finish my homework. Fitness for boys is easy when you're young,
but the early teenage years can be
3 QQ Put the words in the correct order to ma
make
ke complicated. You feel you're 4 to
5
sentences. play silly games with friends but to
work out in the gym with older guys. Perhaps
1 long I school I aren’t I enough / days / Normal
you haven't got 6 yet to join an adult
Normal school days arent long enough. sports team. But you're never 7 to
8
2 noisy / My/too/friend’s/are/dogs exercise regularly. If there are
where you live, think about running or parkour,
or working out at home. Hope this helps!
3 enough / I’m / drive / can’t / not / because / I/ old

4 her / Nasrin / desk

des k / too / says / low / is

5 everyone / aren’t / chairs / fo r/ There / enough

enough
34 HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND | UNIT 4

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING An interview

Healthy eating
Ci 4 □ □ Listen to an
4.0
□ Complete the puzzle.
puzzle. Use the clues. interview about ‘Blue
Zones’.
Zones ’. Number
Number the
topics the speakers
mention in the order you
hearthem (1-4).
a Q regular exercise
b Q the Mediterranean
diet
c 11 centenari
cent enarians
ans
d Q eating food from
1 These foods usually
usuall y come from milk.
the sea
2 You can study this to learn about food and a
healthy diet.
3 We get
get most of our energy from these. You find
them in bread and pasta.
4 There is a lot of this in cheese and chocolate.
choco late.
5 This helps food pass through the body
body..
6 We get these nat
natural
ural substanc
sub stances
es from fruit (C)
(C) or
sunlight (D).
7 good mixture of many food types.
8 We coun
countt these to find out how much energy
there is in our food.

Q (Circle) the correct definition for the secret word

(in grey) in Exercise
Exercise 1. Ci 5 E3Q Listen again and(gircle)the correct answers.
4.0
a They help your bones to grow longer. 1 Blue Zone is a place where people often ...
b They help your
you r body to grow stronger.
stronger. a become large. (b) live to an old age.

c They help your heart to work.

work. c eat seafood.
2 Philippa was surprised because many Blue
Ci 3 HD Underline the words that are the same Zones
Zon es ar e...
4.01 . . . . .
or similar in your language - notice any
a very big. b in sia. c islands.
differences in spelling. Then listen to the
English pronunciation. 3 The food tofu is very high in ...
1 balance between mental and physical health a carbohydrates, b calories. c protein.
is important. 4 Philippa says people in the Mediterranean
2 We know that calcium is good for our bones.
bones. often eat...
3 Do you know
kno w why cereals are good for you? a too much meat. b very little fat.

4 Our sports lessons

less ons always end with a fun
fun c a lot of sweet things.
activity. 5 Philippa thinks that... also important for a
long life.
a family and friends are b working outside is
c getting up early is
 UNIT 4 | HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND 35

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 4 QE3E3 Complete the web article with the

hould, ho uldn 't ando u g h t to
to phrases in the box.

1 Q Look at the photos. Complete the sentences

senten ces oug ht to ch
ought chec
eck
k ough
ought-t-e
t-t-e-k-n
-k-now
ow
with should orshouldn't and the correct verb. ought to start should drink should be
should take sho uldn’t
uldn ’t carry
shouldn’t spend

/ ( — y| \ 'X .
Top tips for a road trip - by bike!
Planning a road trip by bike? Here's what you
1
ough t tc >know to stay fit and healthy!
ought
Your bike 2 light enough because
if it's too heavy, cycling becomes difficult in
hot weather. But you 3 that
th at it's big
enough for you - a bike that's too small soon
gets uncomfortable.
You 4 too many things with you. Too
Too
5
1 Yo
You
u should eat enough fruit. many bags slow you down, so you
6
2 Yo
You
u — too much coffee. two small bags
bags,, maximum
m aximum.. You
You
lots of water, so take a one-litre water bottle.
Yo
You
u — too much chocolate.
You 7 too much money on maps:
4 Yo
You
u — enough fish.
paper maps are heavy. Download maps onto
5 Yo
You
u — too many sweet drinks. your smartphone before you leave home.
6 You enough vegetables. And finally, you 8 early in the day -
before it gets too hot!
2 QE3 Complete the sentences with should, shouldn'
shouldn' t or
ought.
1 If you ’re always
alway s late for class, you _should get up earlier.
2 People who can’t g
get
et u p go to bed so late.
Ilona can ’t relax: I think sh e to do yoga.
4 Our teacher said
said we to eat our lunch outside
because it’s hot today.
5 Yo u give chocolate to dogs - it’s bad for them.
6 We eat more tofu because it’s full of protein.
5 □ □ □ Choose one of the topics in the box
3 on Underline and correct one mistake in each sentence. and write three pieces of advice. Use should/
1 You
You do n’t look well; perhaps you sho uldn’t
uldn ’t see a doctor,
doctor, ought to andshouldn't.
should
2 Our fridge
fridge is empty so we ought go
go to the
the shop
shops.
s. eating more healthily
preparing for an exam
You
You should wo rry so much about your exams.
exam s.
writing an essay
4 What shou
should
ld I to do
do to
to get fitter?
fitte r? \ _ ________________ J

5 He oughts to eat more protein.

6 Yo
You
u should
sho uldn’t
n’t to eat unhealth
unh ealthyy foo
food
d if you want to live to
be 100.
36 HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND | UNIT 4

WRITING 2 □ □ Read the post and response again. Answer

A post on a forum the questions.
1 W h y do e sn ’t Carl o s’s gran dm a wa n t a pe tt??
1 □ Read the post on a forum and the
She thin ks she’
she’s
s to o old.
response. ho does Carlos want to help
help?
?
2 How can pets help with stress?
hat does Tom suggest?

3 Where should C arlos fi

find
nd o ut abo ut a therap y pet
pet??

4 Why is a ttherap
herap y pet a better option for Carlos ’s grandm a?

Forum:
A ll th
th in g s a n ima ls
3 □ □ (£irc le)the corre ct optio ns in the Useful language
Posts:
phrases. Then check in the forum response.

Carlos: My grandma 1 You w o u l d / ( g o u l d ) always ask ..

....
lives alone now. She 2 Have y
you
ou ever tried s it
i t ttii n g / s i t . .... ?
sits and thinks about
3 T hi
h i s / T h a t way, your grandm a can relax ....
..
the past, and gets
stressed about her health. I think she 4 Why d o n ’ t / n o t you look ... ?

ought to
thinks get too
she’s a cat or What
old. a dog,
dobut
youshe
think? 5 Ican reco
omm m e n d t o t r y / t r y i n g . ....

rite you r own respon se to a post on a foru m.

Tom@the Den: Hey, g reat th at you ’ve
’ve
writte n to me - thanks! We all have '• PLAN
stress in our lives and especially old 4 □ □ rite notes on
on the prob lem below or use your
people living alone. Pets make people ; own ideas. Include a greetin g, than ks, advic e and
feel happier and more relaxed. In fact,
reasons for your advice.
did you know that they can also help
with stress? Have you ever tried sitting
• ‘ Pleas
Please
e help! I’m drin
drinkin
king
g two litres of cola a day!
with a cat or walking a dog when you’re
• I know it ’s bad for me, but I think
thi nk I’m addicte
addictedd to
stressed? It really helps! Why? Stress
• the
thesug
sugar
ar and caffeine! What can I do?’
often causes high blood pressure and I >
just being near an animal can help to
lower it. I think your grandma should : WRITE
definitely try having a pet. If she likes ; 5 HE3n rit
rite
e your response. Remem ber to u
use
se
dogs, for example, but doesn’t want to
should, sh ouldn ’t,
’t, ought to, quantifiers andUseful
keep a dog as a pet, I can recommend
language phrases.
trying a therapy dog. There are specially
trained dogs that can visit old people ; CHECK
with their owners or volunteers. Your
• 6 Do yo u...
grandma can enjoy the dog without
worrying ab out it! Why don’t yyouou look • have a gree ting?
online fo r a therapy pet centr
centree near you
you?
? • • give ad vice w ith reaso ns?
Or you could always ask at your local • • use an info rm al style?
vets
vets - the y oug ht to be able to help.
That way, your grandma can relax and
beat stress.
 UNIT 4 | HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND 37

EVIEW

VOCABU ARY

Look at the photos and (circle)the correct

options.

Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-8)

2 with the ends (a-h).
1 Nutritionis
Nutritionis the food we eat
2 Hamburgers,
Hamburger s, ice
ice cream and
and chocolate
chocol ate
1 sn e e ze / cou g h 5 warm up / sweat
3 The number of
ofcalories
calories in food
4 Carbohydratesgive
Carbohydratesgive us ,
5 Proteinhelps
Proteinhelps our bodies _
6 Fruit and veget
vegetables
ables contain
7 A balanced diet
8 Lots of
offibre
fibre is good for the stomach

a tells us how much energy it has.

b to grow and be healthy and strong.
c a lot of vitamins A and C.
d and how our body uses it. 2 sn e e ze / cou g h 6 have a fever/
get enough sleep
e the energy we need to move.
f have a lot of fat in them.
g and travels through the body quickly.
h is eating a good variety of healthy food.

ANGUAGE IN ACTION

(Circle)the correct options.

3 1 Is therelittl
little/ enough food for everyone or
e/ enough
should I cook more? 3 go jogg ing / warm up 7 s w e a t / w a r m up
2 We don’t use toom a n y / m u
ucc h milk
products in our restaurant.
3 Owen’s jus
justt gone out to buya few /a li
litt
ttle
le
eggs.
4 We all need to relax and havemu ch / a li
litt
ttle
le
fun.
5 My baby sister isn’told enough/ enou
enough
gh ol
old
d
to make her own breakfast.
6 This article gives you alittle/few ideas on
healthy diets.
4 re lax/ g e t il
illl 8 get stressed/
get enough sleep
38 HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND | UNIT 4

4 Complete the sentences with should, shouldn’t or

or ught.
o
ought.
1 What we eat to grow stronger?
2 The children to eat fewer crisps and sweets.
3 balanced
balanced die t to have a little of everything.
4 Yo u drink coffee
coffee at night - it stops you
you from sleeping.
5 How much exercise we do?
6 Yo u eat more than you need.

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete the conversation with the missing words. (^ircle)the correct options.

INTERVIE ER You’ve just comp leted a marathon, well done! I’m ure you’re tired, b u t1
I’m ssure
to answer
answe r a ffew
ew questions?
BERNADETTE Sure, Ijust need 2 water. OK, so yeah, it was a great run.
INTERVIE ER It was! You 3 a runner, did you? Tell us how it started.
start ed.
BERNADETTE Ioften got ill when Iwas younger and Iwasn’t 4 to do sport.
INTERVIE ER That’s hard to believe! You’ve 5 a mar
maratho
athon
n in record time!
BERNADETTE child Is pe nt6
s a child time in bed and I really was n’t fit at all.
enough young peo ple exercise as much as th e y 7
INTERVIE ER Not enough to. What changed
change d
for you?
BERNADETTE One day, my mother 8 a TV programme about foods that some people
9 eat because it makes them ill. We later discovered that 110
eat bread or anything with gluten in it
it..
INTERVIE ER nd what11 then?
BERNADETTE I changed my diet right then and 112 gluten since then. Ifelt
If elt better,
started doing spo rt and the rest is history!

1 a can you b will you be able c should you

2 a too much b a few c a little
3 a did n’t use tto
o be b used not to be c didn’t used to be
4 a enough strong b too strong c strong enough
5 a just completed b still completed c yet completed
6 a enough b too little c too much
7 a should b ought c shouldn’t
8 a is seeing b has seen c saw
9 a can’t b can’t to c can
10 a shouldn’t to b shouldn’t c ought to

11 a happens b happen c happened

12 a didn’t eat b haven’t eaten c still didn ’t ea
eatt
 UNIT 4 | HEALTHY ODY, HEALTHY MIND 39

SA V E O U R
5 P AN E T !

VOCABULARY
Planet Earth

n Complete the crossword.

Use the clues.
DO N 4/
1 We usually separate our paper, plastic and food
... into different bins.
bins.
2 □□ Complete the notes with words from Exercise 1.
2 It
Itry
ry to save ... at
at home - I always turn of
offf the
lights when I’m not using them.
3 Cycling or walkin g is better for th e ... than
trave lling by car
car.. _ n m gs y u wj --- ----- ----------------
• the a m o u n t of carb on _dioxide.
_dioxide... tha t we produc
produce
e

5 Governm
Governments
ents want to reduce the carbon ... (or
(or • 2 (e.g
(e.g.. air, wa ter a nd noise - less
less traffic!)
CO2) that their countrie
countriess produce. 3 _ (e.g
(e.g.. plastic an d foo
food)
d)
(e,g. rising
e

4
8 We all live on the ... Earth. • the effects of
temperatures and seas
seas)______________________
)______________________
ACROSS -» • the a m o u n t o f 5 th a t we use (e.g
(e.g.. electr icity

4 Tigers are an ... species. It’s poss ible they will

all die
d ie in a few years.
6 There used to be a lot o f ... near he
here,
re, like birds
V " r ----
_ (the
(the air, ou r water, etc.
etc.)_______
)_______ ____
• the!
and butterflies, but not now. (e.g
(e.g.. fis
fish
h a nd other sea animals)__ _____
e 7
Earth (our home - we only have 0ne! 0ne!))
7 Trees produce ... for us
us to breathe. • the 8 9
8 Traffic causes a lot of a ir ... in cities. • all animals, but especially
••• 1

9 ... change
change causes hotter weath er around the
world.
10 ... power from the sun produces a lot of
electricity in hot countries. 3 E3E3E3 (£irclq)the correct words.
11 Pla
Plastic
stic in the ssea
ea is
is bad for a l l ... life,
life,
from large whales to sm all fish.
We face many environmental problems, such as rising
levels of Kcarbon)/ oxygen dioxid
dioxidee in the air
air,, which cause
Explore it! 2
climate / plane t chan
change.
ge. Pl
Plastic
astic is also a big cause of
Guess the correct answer. 3
waste.. Every year,
pollution I waste year, we put lots of plas
plastic
tic^energy I
waste into our
o ur seas and oceans. This is a huhugege problem
How much of the plastic that
t hat we use
for endang ered/ marin
5
marinee life. It ends up in the stomachs
every year ends up in the seas and oceans?
offish, which bigger animals then eat, including us. Many
a 1% b 5% c 10%
10% animals are therefore becoming ^endangered / marine. But
Find an interesting fact about pollution in the plastic gets everywhere on the 7planet / environment
environment.. Even

sea and send the question in an email to a high mountains now have millions of tiny pieces of plastic
on them, carried there by the wind.
classmate or ask them in the next class.
40 SAVE OUR PLANET! UNIT 5

News Search

Home News Articles Sign in Regist(

READING Most of us have used straws. They are useful and 1 they can be fun To
A news story drink with . When we get a cola or juice from a cafe or restaurant, for
example, it often comes with a straw, 25
3
4 . We usually
J □ Look at the photos and read the use them once and then dispose of them immediately. In fact, people in
news story quickly.
quickly. (Circle)
Circle)the best the USA use 500 million every day. That's enough straws to go around the
title. planet 2.5 times!

a Why we should use drinking straws The big problem with straws is that many of them 3

b The history of drinking straws
c The end of drinking straws?
Europeans recycle only about 30% of their plastic, and straws are in the top
ten items of litter found on beaches every year.
The good news is that 4 . More and more big
companies are deciding not to use straws, or to provide them only
when customers have asked for them. The US city of Seattle has already
put a ban on straws, and the European Union wants to do the same
by 2030.
2030. Scotland plans to do this in 2019. Even
Even the ritish Queen
5

So, it is possible that plastic drinking straws will soon be a thing of the past.
Many people believe that we can continue to protect our environment
by also reducing all the other plastic objects that we only use once,
6

2 QD Complete the article with the missing

sentence parts (a-f).
a end up in the seas and oceans,
oce ans, as waste
such as bags, cups or bottles
C they<a4T^e4u4T4o-dTHM< ^
people are starting to do something about the

problem 4 □□ hat do these numbers in the news story

e including
includ ing when we haven’t
have n’t asked for one
describe?
f has decided not to have plastic straws in any of her
1 30 Th
The
e amount of the ir plastic, in percent,
percent, th a t
houses
Europeans recycle.
recycle.
3 nn Match the words in bold in the news story with 2 500 million
the definitions. 3 2.5
1 things on a list_items_ 4 2019
2 put someth ing in the bin after we have used it 5 10

3 an official law that stops some thing from 5 □ □ □ Apart from a ban, how can we reduce the
happening number of plastic stra
straws
ws people use?
use? rite three

4 use somet
something
hing again, or change it into something ideas.
different
5 small bits of rubbish in public places
 UNIT 5 SAVE OUR PLANET ! 41

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 □□ Complete the text with the verbs in the box.
The first
first cond iti
itiona
ona l
act continu e is might be
J D (Circle)the correct options. might not see will need
\ /
1 If Is e e /d o n ' t see
see any litte r on the beach, I’ll ^\\M11I I11III IIIII IIII I ll i IIIIII11
IIIIII111111
11111II
1II III IIIII111
IIIII111 I ll i IIIIIIIIII1111 III 111I
1II1
I111
111 III IIIII111
IIIII111 III III III II111
II111//
//^,
^,
pick it up. Ifyou drive so
somewhere
mewhere on a summe
summer’s
r’s night and check the
2 Iw on ’t use my bike
bike tomorrow u n l e s s / i f it’s front window ofyou
ofy ourr car after,, you 1 might no t see man
after many
y

raining.
raining. I do n’t wan t to get wet. dead insects
inse cts on it. This doesn’t soun
soundd like
l ike a problem. In fact,
3 Unless we u s e / d o n ' t u ssee alternative forms of if your ca r 2 clean, you will probably be pleased.
energy,
energy, we will create more air p ollution. However,
However, this is a worrying sign. Over the last 30 year
years,
s,
numbers of insects
in sects have fallen by 7
75%
5%. But if there are fewer
4 If you w i l l l e a v e / l e a v e your compu ter on all
future, the wor ld 3
flies and mosquitoes in the future, a
night, it will was te energy.
better place, right? Wrong!
Wrong! The problem is that if insects
5 Some cities m a y / m a y b e u nde rwa ter if se
sea
a 4
to disappear, we will all be in trouble. Many plants
levels ris
rise.
e. depend on them. s insects move from one plant to another,
6 I’ll trave l by train if Ig o / m i g h t go
g o on holiday they carry pollen, which helps plants to grow a
again.
gain. nd if the
this year.
year. number of people on the planet keeps on rising, we 5
more and more food. Unless w
wee5 quickly, insect
2 □□ Complete the sentences with the numbers could fall even more. This could be very bad news for
phrases in the box. both humans and the planet.
^//IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIW^
f \
climate change m ay get worse
if we stop u sing so much plastic 4 QE3E3 Rewrite the second sentence so that it has a
te-w944rel^4h€-p!a4^ similar meaning to the first. Use the words in brackets.
many types of plant will be in danger 1 If we do n’t do som ething soon, it’s possible that
there m ight be more plastic than fish by 2
205
050
0 endangered species will disappear.
unless we protect them Endangered
Endangered species coul
could
d disappear if we do n’t do
som ething soon, (could)
1 If we reduce ou r energy use,
use,
2 There w ill b
be
e huge problem s if we don ’t protect our
i t wililll help the
th e planet
planet..
environment.
2 Many animals could
could become endangere
endangered
d
our environment, there
will be huge problems, (unless)
3 If we lose lots of insect species,
3 If we do n’t stop using chem icals on farms, it’s
it’s possible
that insect nu mbers w ill fall
fall..
4 If we do n’t reduce the am oun t of carbon
if we do n’t stop using
dioxide,
chem icals on farms, (might)
(might)
4 If we do some thing now, we might stop climate change.
5 Unless we stop
stop p olluting our oceans,
Unless we do someth ing now, we
climate change, (migh
(might)
t)
6 It will help the planet

5 QE3Q Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

1 Unles
Unlesss we do som ething abou t climate change,

2 We might be able to help the plane t if

42 SAVE OUR PLA NET ! | UN IT 5

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING

Natural
Natural environm ents

Look at the photos and complete the natural environment words.

5 c

8 s 9 v 10 w___________

2 Q Choose the three most difficult A class discussion

words to remember from Exercise 1.
Then draw a picture of each one in your
notebook (see the Learn to learn tip in
the Student’s Book, p65).
n 4 Q Listen to the class discussion. hich four natural
5.01 . .
environments from Exercise 1 do the students mention?

3 HD (£ircle)the correct options. 5 HD Listen again and complete the notes.

5.01
1 A fst ream) / b a y i s a small river, usually
ream)
in the countryside.
countryside .
Ha ny talks
talks ab out caves in 1 New Zealand .
caves
2 You only find i ceb erg s/ cl fs in very
clii fffs
Inside the caves there isa small2
cold places like the rctic.
To travel through thecaves, you need to take
3 v a l l e y / c a v e is a big hole in a
a3 . If you look up a t the top o f the
the
mountain or under the ground. you can see thou sands o f 4
cave,, you
cave
4 /X clif f/v a lle y is a high area of vert
vertical
ical they look like stars.
stars.
rock, usually near the sea. sea.
5 st rream erfalll is where a river
eam / wat erfal Abbie
Abbie talks abo ut 5
talks in Papua New
falls from a high point to a lower Guinea - these are very difficult to get to.
point. There are also rainforests where scientists
6 v o l c a n o / b a y is a mountain w
with
ith a have found lotso f 6 . They have
hole at the top. Sometim es gases and discovered a colourful fish, a river7 and a tenkile tree
8
hot liquids come out. kangaroo. There are only tree kang aroos alive today.

7 r a i n f o r e s t / w a t e r f a l l is a hot place
with trees and lots of animals.
6 □□□ Think of three examples of natural environments from
8 b a y / v a l l e y is an area between hills Exercise 1 in your country. hat are their
their names?
names?
or mountains. There is often a river at
the bottom.
 UNIT 5 SAVE OUR PLANET ! 43

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 Q D Complete the blog post with the correct form of the
The second conditional verbs in the box to make second conditional sentences.

J D (Circle)the correct options. be (x

(x3)
3) can che
check
ck find
1 If I could travel anywhere in the wo rld ,... not continue not use try
\ >
a I’ ll visit a jungle
jungle..
(b) I’d vis it a jungle.
c Ivisite
Ivisitedd a jungle. HOME ABOUT ME ARCHIVE FOLLOW

2 Id on’t know what would happen ...

...
If 11 could do anything to
a if all the insects will disappear, help the planet, 12 wo
would
uld t r y
b if all the insects would disappear, to stop people buying so many
c if all the insects disappeared.
disappeared . things with palm oil in them. If
you 3 the ingredients
3 What would happen i f ... in the things you buy, you
4 palm oil in many
a we cut down all
a ll the rainforests?
of them - from biscuits ttoo
b we’d cut down all the rainforests? toothpaste. It’s a cheap form of
c would we cut down all the rainforests? oil, and our products
5 more expensive if
4 If Iwere yo u ,... companies 6 it.
a I’d find out more inform ation. The oil comes from trees which only grow in hot countries. This
b Ifound out more information. means that we need to cut down rainforests to grow them. This
c I’m finding out more information. is a problem for the animals that live in rainforests, including
the orangutan. If we 7 to destroy their natural habitat,
5 People wo uldn ’t buy plastic products ... orangutans wouldn’t be endangered. So, if there 8 one
useful thing everyone could do to protect the environment, it
a if they have a better alte
alternative,
rnative,
9 to buy things which don’t contain palm oil.
b if they had a better alternative,
c if they’d
the y’d have a better alternative.
4 QE3Q rite second conditional sentences about the
2 E3E3 Complete the second conditional
situations.
sentences using the verbs in brackets.
1 If I had__ a bike
bike,, Iwou
Iwould
ld use it 1 Peop
Peoplele use so much plastic
plastic.. There is is so much waste.
If pe
peopl
ople
e didn’t use so much
much plastic,
plastic , there
the re wouldn’
wouldn’t be so
to go to school, (have / use)
much waste.
2 I. out toda y if it cold,
2 I haven ’t got a recycling bin, so Ido n’t recycle my rubbish.
(go I not be)
If I my rubbish.
3 If th ey near the sea, they
to the beach a lot. (live / go) 3 People don ’t know abou t palm oil,
oil, so they buy product
productss
which use it.
4 Th
Thee wa terfall more interesting
to look at if it raining, (be / be) If pe op le products which use
it.
5 If we so much meat,
meat , we
so many rainforests, (not eat / 4 We don ’t use
use solar power in our country. Ther
There
e isn’t enough
not cut down) sunlight.

6 Houses
Houses ne
near
ar the coa st in If solar power in our country.
danger if sea leve ls higher, (be 5 Palm oil is cheap. That’s why compan ies use it.
it.
/get) If palm o il it.
44 SAVE OUR PLANET ! UNIT 5

RITING
An opinion essay

Read
Read the essay
essay.. hich environmental
environm ental problem iin
n the
photos (a-c) does the writer think is the most serious?

Our most serious environmental problem

There are many environmental problems nowadays and it is
difficult to know which one is the most important. Some people
1 believe that we should protect the rainforests. Other people
might think that we need to stop using plastic. Which is the most
important?

It would be good if we could solve both of these problems.

2 , in m y3 , the most serious problem is air
pollution. This is something that is getting worse in cities around rite your own opinion essay.
the world. 4 , it has an effect
eff ect on ever
everyone
yone as it is a
PLAN
major cause of ill health, especially in children.
4 hat do you think is the biggest
In m y 5 , the first step would be to reduce the number environmental problem
problem?
? Think of two ideas
of cars in cities, as this is one of the biggest causes of pollution.
to supp
support
ort your opinion
opinion.. rite notes.
In 6 to this, we need to make more people use public
transport or cleaner forms of personal transport like bicycles. Problem ________
We also need cleaner factories that don’t produce dangerous
gases which are bad for our health.
Solution 1 __________________________
To 7 up, if we have cleane
cleanerr citie
citiess with cleane
cleanerr air,
air, we
will all become healthier. We will also spend more time outdoors,
Solution 2 __________________________
exercising and enjoying our natural environment.

5 Decide what information to include in each

2 Q Q Completetheessay with the words in the paragraph. Use the information in Exercise 3
box. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. to help you.

addition believe Furthermore

WRITE
However opinion sum view 6 rite your opinion essay. Remember to
\_______________
\_______________ ____ _______
_____________
___________/
_____/
include four paragraphs, the first and second
conditional, and words and phrases from
3 H D (£ircle)the correct options.
the Useful language box (see Student’s Book,
1 The first paragraph include s an introduc tion and
p65).
a qu e s ti o n / th e w r i te r ’’ss m a i n o pi n i o n .

2 The second paragraph gives t he

he w r i t e r ’s m a i n /
CHECK
’s opinion.
o t h e r p e o p l e ’s 7 Do you...
3 The third paragraph offers r e a so
so n s f o r / p o s s iib
ble • have an introd uctio n with a questio n for the
reader to
to think a bout?
s o l u ti o n s to the problem.
• have ideas and examples to sup port your
4 The last paragraph i n ttrr o d u c e s / s u m m a r is
i s e s the
opinions?
writer’s opinion.
• have a conc lusion to sup por t your opinion?
 UNIT 5 SAVE OUR PLANET ! 45

5 R EV
E V IE
IE

VOCABULARY

Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-10) with the ends (a-j).
1 Too much carbon
carbo n a change.
2 It
It’s
’s importa
imp ortant
nt to save I b species.
3 Probably the bi
biggest
ggest environmental problem is climate c oxyg
oxygen,
en, which all animals need to survive.
survive.
* '
4 We all nee
need
d to recycle a
and
nd reduce waste to help protect the [_ _ d planet, so we should look after it.
* '
5 Plast
Plastic
ic is a big problem for marine e life, like fish, whales and sea birds.
* '
6 Plan ts produce
prod uce I_ f dioxide causes global warming.
* '
7 The white rhino is an endangered . g pollution in cities.
8 We all live on the same [ h energy, and not waste it.
* '
9 Cars are the main cause of air i solar power.
power.
* '
10 Sunny countries
countrie s prod
produce
uce a lot of en
energy
ergy from
from j environment.

2 Match the sentences with the words in the box. LANGUAGE IN ACTION
/--------
/---------------
cave--------------
cliff-------------
--------------
coast ----------------
---------------
icebergs -------------
------ \
rainforest 3 Tick (/) the correct sentences and correct five
stream volcano waterfall incorrect sentences.
\ ___ _________________ /
1 If I pass my e
exam
xam tomorrow, I am really happy.
1 We often have a picn ic here. It’s nice to sit by the
water and see the ducks swimming
swimm ing past.
2 My gra
grandp
ndparen
aren ts have a house there. It’s nice I might go ffor
or a walk along the coast tomorrow
because you can just walk o ut onto the beach and if the weather wil l be nic
nice.
e.
you can hear the sea at night.
3 You can walk into it and it’s really interestin
interesting.
g. It’s 3 Will you call me if you ’re late?
dark, but you can hear the sound of water deep
below you.
4 Unless Ido n’t do my homework now,
now, Iwo n’t have
have
4 Don’t stand too near the edge.
edge. I know it ’s nice to
look down at the se
sea,
a, but it can be dangerous. time to go out later.
later.

5 If Iw ill have money, I will go to the cinema on

5 They cut down a large area, unfortunately, and it
Friday.
will take hundreds of years for the trees and plants
to grow again.
6 Iwon’t buy a new phone unless this one breaks
6 They’ re very dangerous to b
boats
oats and ships.
completely.
Remember that you can only see 10% of them. The
rest is below the
t he sea.
7 Every second more than 150,000 gallons of water 7 If you lo ok in the stream,
stream , you will
wi ll may
m ay see
drops to the ground below at Niagara! some fish.
fish.

8 It’s still active and you can often smell the gases
- the heat and noise is incred ible sometimes! 8 You could have a rest if you feel tired.
46 SAVE OUR PLA NET ! | UN IT 5

4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1 If I time, I a trip to the bay.

2 The town in trouble

trouble if that
that vo lcan o active.
3 If yo u more
more sociable, yo u more friends.
4 You i 11i
1iff yo u bette r ca re of yo urse If.
5 If I a bike, I to use the bus.
6 More
More pe
peop
ople
le eating
eating meat if th ey about the effects on the environment.

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete the text with the missing words, ((gir

girde
de)) the correct options.

1 a have watched b watched c watch

I1 a TV docume ntary last month
2 a have put b used to put c put
about marine life and plastic. Every day,
w e2 lots of plastic waste in the 3 a ate b would eat c will eat
oceans and even a little drinking straw 4 a eats b would eat c will eat
can have a terrible effect
e ffect o
on
n an anim al. 5 a doesn ’t go
go b wouldn’t go c isn’t going
3
For example, if a fish one, it
6 a If b Furthermore c nless
could easily die. And if a sea bird ate the
fish, it 4 the plastic, too. Plastic 7 a have decided b am deciding c will decide
in the oceans is a big problem because it 8 a did b does c would do
5
away. It jus t breaks down into 9 a use to use b used to use c did use
smaller and smaller pieces! 6 we 10 a will use b am using c have used
do something about this problem,
p roblem, it will
11 a yet b already c since
get worse. So, 17 to make some
12 a couldn’t b can’t c won’t be able
changes
everyoneto8 my life. They’re small, but if
somethi
somethingng small, it
would add up to something big. In the
past, 19 a lot of plastic straws
10
and bags. 1 straws without
thinking about it in cafes. Now, I just
say I don’t need one when they offer.
They haven’t stopped using straws in
cafes in my city 11 , but I hope
they do soon. Anyway, we all need to do
something. If we don’t, then soon we
12
to enjoy the natural beauty
of the sea and its marine life.
 UN IT 5 | SAVE OUR P LAN ET! 47

T H IN K OUTSIDE
THE O BX

V O C A BU
Making LARY
things

□ (Circle) 12 more verbs in the word snake.

2 Q Q Complete the sentences with the correct fn/ 4 Q Q (C

(Circle)the
ircle)the correct words.

of the
the verbs from Exercise 1. 1 When
When the milk bo\\s pou r)/ pu ll it into your coffee
bo\\s,, ((pou
1 Increase the oven tempera
tem perature
ture from 150 °C
°C3
3 cup.
200 °C. 2 Reduce/ Increase the temperature so that it’s really
Increase
2 I want t o the time I spend watching TV cold.
from four hours to one hour a day. 3 Take a spoon
spoo n andre move / stir the butter, sugar
3 Water at 100 °C. and milk together for a few minutes.
4 Sh e her feet in the sea for a few seconds 4 A d d / C o v e r the glass with paper and put it in the
- it was really cold! fridge overnight.
5 the hot water into the cup and 5 I’llfreez
freeze/ presss any food that we don’t eat and we
e/ pres
sugar and milk. can have it next month.
6 the cake from the oven a n d it 6 Don’tdip/freeze your finger into the hot liquid!

on a plate to cool.
7 You
You sho uld the soup with a spoon so it
doesn’t burn and stick to the pan. Explore it
it!!
8 I my eyes so I couldn’t see the frightening Guess the correct answer
answer..
scenes in the film. A chef in the USA invented crisps
9 Lara collects flowers
flowers - sh e them flat and when he...
puts them in a scrapbook. a accidentally cooked some potatoes for too long,
10 We use our car to our caravan when we b cut potatoes very thinly for an angry customer,
go on holiday.
c poured hot fat over some frozen vegetables.
11 You should
You fresh fish a t -20 °C for at least
Find an interesting fact about an invention or
seven days before eating it.
discovery and send the question in an email to a
Q Choose one of the words from Exercise 1 and classmate or ask them in the next class.
think of an image to go with it. Write your ideas
in your notebook (see the Learn to learn tip in the
Student’s Book, p71).
48 THIN K OUTSIDE THE OX UNIT 6

READING 2 □ □ Match the words in bold in the

A news story news story with the meanings.
1 made safe from damage secured
□ □ Read the news
ne ws story.
stor y. Complet
Comp lete
e the parag
pa ragraph
raphss (A—
(A—D) with
2 stopping liquid from enterin
enteringg
the headings (1-4).
somewhere
1 What was the problem? 3 What do people use it for now?
3 the ability tto
o stay calm and ccontinue
ontinue
2 What was the solution? 4 Who was Vesta Stoudt? doing something difficult
4 view close ly tto
o check condi
condition
tion
The story of duct tape
5 a lo
long,
ng, narrow piece o
off mat
materia
eriall we
use to close things
A
6 the ffirst
irst example of something
In the early 1940s, the US army
was fighting in Europe in World
War II. Vesta Stoudt was a
woman from Illinois who had two
3 nn Read the new story again and
sons in the military. As part of the answer the questions.
war effort, she was 1 Where did Vesta Stoudt work?
factory back home in the USA. J JacijCTy
Jacij CTy Joih
JoihcdlS
cdlS A ._
Her job was to inspect and
equipment for the soldiers 2 Wha
Whatdid
tdid Vesta
Vesta do at the factory?
Europe.
3 What problem did Vesta want to
solve?
At the factory, they closed and secured the boxes of equipment
using a thin paper tape. However, the boxes were difficult to open 4 Why was Vesta’s prototype better
b etter than
quickly, especially when they were wet. Vesta was worried that the paper tape?
soldiers’ lives might be in danger because they might not be able to
get their equipment out fast enough.
5 How did Vesta show patience?

_____________________________
6 What examples does the w riter give of
Vesta suggested
waterproof tape. that
She they closed
designed the boxes
a basic with of
prototype a how
stronger,
she how people use duct tape now?
thought the tape should be. The boxes were easier to open quickly
with this new tape. Vesta’s managers in the factory didn’t listen to her,
but she didn’t give up. She decided to write to Franklin Roosevelt, 4 □ □ □ Can you think of any other ways
the president of the United States. people use duct tape? rite two ideas.

D _____________________
The letter worked and Vesta received a letter of thanks from
Rooseve
Roos evelt.
lt. The government then asked a compa
company ny to make the tape
based on Vesta’s idea. The tape was a great success and probably
helped to save lives! Nowadays, duct tape, as it is known, is used for
many different things and in many different industries. It is used by
NASA in its spaceships and clothes are even made from it. And it’s
all thanks to the patience of one inspiring American woman.
 UNIT 6 THINK OUTSIDE THE OX 49

ANGUAGE IN ACTION 4 Q Q Write questions in the present simple passive.

Present simple passive Then write the correct answers using the places in
brackets.
1 Q Complete the table with the past participle form 1 coffee beans / grow / Iceland? (South America)
of the verbs. Decide if the verb is re gular or irregular.
Are coffee beans grown in Iceland?
Ve rb P a st R e g u la r I r r e g u la r No, they aren't. Coffee beans are grown in South
participle
America________
add added J 2 most chocolate I produceI in Switzerland?
break (Germany)
catch
collect
connect
3 cars / manufacture / in Malta? (China)
design
develop
eat
4 insects / eat / in the UK? (Thailand)
manufacture
throw

2 Q Q Complete the sentences with the present 5 bananas / grow / in Denmark? (Ecuador)
simple passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1 How many
man y mobile
mob ile phones
pho nes _ aunejmadLe— every
ev ery year
ye ar
in Asia? (make)
2 Something new and exciting every day.
5 Q Q Q Completethetextwith the present simple
passive form of the verbs in brackets.
(invent)
3 The potatoes in very hot oil to make
crisps, (place) It’s difficult to believe, but glass
1
4 These new inventions enough, in my is made (mak
(make)
e) of liquid
opinion, (not test) sand. That’s right, the same
sand that 2 (find)
5 these materials online or
should we go to a shop? (sell) on the beach or in the desert.
When sand 3 (heat)
Q Q Complete the sentences with the present to about
ab out 1700
1700 °°C
C, it change
changess
simple passive form of verbs from Exercise 1. into a liquid. Other minerals
4
(add) and when
1 Food
Food waste
waste Jaw llec ted L fo
forr recycl
recycling
ing - what a
it cools to a much
much lowe
lowerr
great idea!
temperature, it changes
2 Sugar to chocolate to make it sweet.
into glass. To make glass
3 How many plastic bottle s in the rubbish containers, like jars or bottles, liquid glass
bin every day? 5
(pour)
(pour) into containers in a particular
4 Ne
New
w ide as here by brilliant young course, gla ss 6
shape, called moulds. Of course,
inventors. also (use) for windows and w e 7
(protect) by glass, for example in cars, but glass
5 by
your
you
a rcable
computer
or wi-fi? to the Internet breaks easily,
easily, too G las s 8
too.. Glas easily
(recycle), so manufacturers can often use the same
6 This system to help blind people use a
glass again and again in their products.
computer.
50 THIN K OUTSIDE THE OX UNIT 6

VOCABU ARY AN
ANDD ISTE
ISTENIN
NING
G
Materials and containers

1 Q Match the materials with the

conta iners in the box to make six obj
objects.
ects.
Then write the words in tthe
he correct
column. Use each word on ly once.

bag box can cardboard

case glass jar leather
rubber silk tin tube
X___________
______________________
__________________
_______ /

Material C o ntain e r
x
silk bag
2

4
A c o n v e r s a t io
io n
5

6 3 Q ook at the questions and think about possible answer

answers.
s.
1 What are jeans made of?
2 E3Q Complete the sentences with the 2 Who wears jeans?
object s from E xercise 1
1.. 3 ow much do jeans cost
cost?
?
1 Ju lia ’s dress hasn’t got p
pockets.
ockets. She 4 What are the best st
styles?
yles?
needs a lit tle __ si
silk
lk bag___
____
_ to p
put
ut
5 What effect do jeans have o
on
n the environment?
her phone and purse in.
2 A garden hose is a . Ci 4
6 01 1
isten to two friends shopping for jjeans.
eans. Which three
It’s long and thin. You use it to put water ques tions from Exercise 3 do the girls discuss?
on your flowers.
3 When Dad goes to work every morning,
he carries his laptop and all his important Ci 5 E3E3 isten again. Are the sentences T (true) or F (false)?
6 01
Correct the false sentences.
pa pers i n a .
4 Our new com puter came in a b
big
ig 1 Nicole prefers white jeans to blue jeans.
. We used it to put ol d F. Nicole p
pref
refers
ers bluejeans.
books and clothes in. 2 The word ‘den im ’ comes from the name of a F
French
rench ttown.
own.
5 Tuna, pea
peas
s an
and
d beans - wha t other
t h in g s c o m e in a ?
3 Camila says good jeans can cost about £100.
6 My grand ma used to have a
full of sweets and
4 Nicole says that some jeans factories use too much ene
energy
rgy..
chocolate for visiting children.

5 Nicole says Camila should find out information before she

buys jeans.

6 Camila doesn’t want to go to the shop that Nicole suggests.

 UNIT 6 THINK OUTSIDE THE OX 51

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 □ □ Match the answers in the box with

Past simple passive the quest
questions
ions in Exercise 2. rite
sentences in the past simple passive.
1 Q Complete the sentences with the
past simple passive form of the verbs in 1928 1971 1998 thens
the ns Germa
Ge rmany
ny
brackets. Giza Toy
Toy Stor y London
1 Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace was
1 Thefirstantibioticwasdiscoveredin1925.
published
published (publish)
(pub lish) in 186
1867.
7. 2
2 The wo rld ’s most expensive violins
3
(make)) by ntonio
(make nto nio
Stradivari. 4
3 F a c e b o o k (s ta rt ) b by
y Harvard 5
University stu dents in 20
2004
04.. 6
4 Is it true that some of Shakespear
Shake speare’s
e’s 7
p l a y s ( n o t write) by him? 8
5 Lots o f my p h o t o s ( l o s e )
when my phone broke.
broke. 4 E3E3E3 Read the text about Stonehenge. Rewrite the
6 P a p e r ( n o t invent) in Europe underlined sentences using the past simple passive.
but in China.
^ W l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l / / ^

2 □□ rite questions in the past simple Who built Stonehenge and why Someone built it continues to be a
great mystery.
mystery. It is one of the most famous prehistoric monuments
passive.
in the UK. 2Someone started the building of Stonehenge about
1 when
when / fir
first
st antibiotic/d iscover? 5,0
5,000
00 years ag
ago.
o. Some peop
peoplele believe t h a t3someone used
When
hen was the f irst
ir st a
antibi
ntibiotic
otic discovered? Stonehenge in a celebration of the sun. 4Someone designed it in
2 where / the world’s
wor ld’s first underground exact mathematical detail, as the stone circle perfectly matches
railway / open? the direction of the midsu
midsummer
mmer sunrise and the midwin
midwinter
ter sunse
sunset.
t.
There are two types of stone at Stonehenge. The larger stones
are called ‘sarsens’. The tallest sarsen stands nine metres high
3 where / the first modern Olymp ics / and weighs 25 tons - 5someone carried the stones 32 kilometres
hold? to Stonehenge! The smaller
smalle r ‘blu
‘bluestone
estones’
s’ weigh
weigh much less, but
6
someone brought these stones from Wales, a distance of 225 225

4 what / the first Pixar movie / call? kilometres. Nobody knows how 7someone transported such heavy
stones so far in those days.

5 where I the largest Egyptian pyramidsI

build?

6 when / the first email / write?

7 where / the first

fi rst CD / make?

8 when / Google/start? 1 it was built__

built______
________
________
____ 5
2 6
3 7
4
52 THIN K OUTSIDE THE OX UNIT 6

RITING B This smartwatch is light and comfortable. The strap

A review looks like silk, though it's actually made from soft rubber.
It looks cool and modern, and it feels like silk on your
□ Look at the photo and read the skin, too, so you won't know you're wearing it! It's also
waterproof, so you can walk straight into the shower after
review. Is everything about the
smartwatch positive?
your workout. The battery life is very good: it lasts up to
20 hours and it recharges very quickly.

C What I like about this smartwatch is that it's sporty and

strong, but it's also really comfortable so you can wear
A If you're serious it all day. However, I should point out that it's not cheap.
about your fitness Overall, I think it's a really cool invention and I'm really
training, you'll find this happy I bought this model!
smartwatch very helpful.
It counts the calories used
in every activity you do.
rite your ow
own
n review of a
an
n amazing digital
It also gives information
device or gadget.
on goals, such as distance
PLAN
you your heart rate. You can connect it to your
4 ESQ Think of an amazing digital device or
favourite fitness apps so that your performance
gadget. rite note
notes:
s:
can help improve your training.
ho the device or gadget is for

2 Q Q Read the review again. In which paragraph

hat it does
(A-C) can you find ...
1 a desc ription of wha t the inven
inven tion does
hat it looks like
2 wha t the reviewer likes
likes the most
3 a physical descriptio n
; The advantages _______________________
4 the reviewer’s general opinio n
5 a disadvantage
One disadvantage _____________________
6 who the invention is for
I Your opinion _________________________
3 □ □ Put the words in the correct order to make • --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the Useful language phrases. •
1 made from
from / sof
softt rub be r/is/ T he st
stra
rap
p * 5 Decide what information to include. Use the

Zh
Zh.e_s
.e_st_ra
t_rap_
p_Ls■
Ls■
ma
made
de fro
fr om s o f t rruhtz
rruhtzer.
er. •
• information in Exercise 2 to help you.

2 it’s a / really cool inv ention / Overall

Overall,, / Ith ink : WRITE
: 6 nnn rite your review. Remember to
3 it’s sporty and strong / about this sm artwatch / is
is I incl
includ
ude
e the
the ppar
arts
ts of the
the rev
revie
iew
w fr
from
om E
Exe
xerc
rcis
ise
e
that / What Ilike 2, the passive and phrases from the Useful
• la n g u a g e box (see Student’s Book, p77).

4 it’s not cheap / men tion tha t / Ishould / However, : CHECK

I 7 Do you ...
• describe the device/gadget and who it ’s for?
for?
5 Th e s t r a p / l o o k s / s i l k / l ik
ik e • • say wha t the advan tages/d isadvan tages are
are??
• give your general opinion?
 UNIT 6 THINK OUTSIDE THE OX 53

g R EV
E V IE
IE

V O CAB U LAR Y L A N G U A G E IN A C T I O N

Match the beginnings of the sentences 3 Complete the conversation with the present simple passive
(1-8) with the ends (a-h). form of the verbs in brackets.
1 If the fruit has stone s in iit,
t,
2 Yo
You
u should reduce the
the BEN Do you k now how
3 Don’t dip your fingers
fingers int
into
o much coffee
1
4 Palm oil boils (make)
every year?
5 dd the sugar to the water
HARI I’m sure it’s a lot.
6 We waited for tthe
he liquid to freez
freeze
e
I know that lloads
oads
7 Carefully
Carefully pou rthe li
liquid
quid
of coffee
8 Pull the paper off the 2

(use) in my house!
a tempe rature when the sauce gets too
hot. BEN Well, they
estimate that
b at about 300 °C.
over two
two billion
c solid before we ate the lollies. cups of coffee
d and stir both of them together. 3
(drink)
e into the moulds. worldwide every
f remove them before y
you
ou co ok it. day.

g ice lollies before the children eat them. HARI Wow

Wow!! That is amazing! nd w he re 432 all that
coffee (grow)?
(grow)? Sou th merica ?
h very hot water - it’s dangerous!
BEN Yes, well, most of the coffee wh ich 5
Yes, (buy) in
2 Underline and correct one mistake the
the U K 6
(produce) in Brazil.
with materials and containers in each HARI Igue ss the climate is just right there.
there.
sentence. BEN Yes, it’s perfect because co ffe e 7
Yes, (plant) in
1 The clothes and shoes were packed in the wet season,
season, but sun shin e 8
(need) late r
cardboard jars. in the process. Coffee beans 9 (dry
(dry)) in the sun
2 It’s better to use glass boxes for jam , so and 10 (tes
(test)
t) by exp erts .
you can recycle them. HARI Hmm, how a bou t a cup
cup right now?
3 We gave our mum a pretty silk tube for BEN Good idea
idea!!
her birthday.
4 We do n’t know what is in this tin bag
because there’s no label.
5 Our teacher always carries our
hom ewo rk and exam papers in a leather
can.
6 Hospitals have a lot
lot of rubber cases fo
forr
med ical use.
use.
54 THIN K OUTSIDE THE OX UNIT 6

4 Put the words in the correct order to make past simple passive questions.
Use the past participle form of the verb. Then write answers using the words in brackets.
1 was / When
hen / the / buil
build
d / Taj
Taj Ma
Maha
hall / ? (a
(aro
round
und 16
164
40) cave
cave paintings / were
were / those / Wher
Where
e / ol
old
d / fin
find
d /?
(in France)

2 open I wasI this / When / secondary school / ? (in

2010) was / Where / tea / grow / fir st / ? (in China)

were / Where / these / make / computers / ? (in 6 write / was / When / Macbeth / ? (in 1606)

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete the text with the missing words.(£ircl^ the correct options.

I1 an interesting article about important inventions the other day. 2________

________that
that
iping
iping ba gs ________
________inin the 1960s by a Swedish engineer? Before plastic was
invented, shoppers 4________
________paper
paper bags. These were much better for the environment.
5
Nowadays, governments ________________toto find ways to reduce the use of plastic bags. Ideas
6
include ‘Bags for Life’. These bags ________
________ofof cotton and are very strong, so shoppers can
use them again and again. Supermarkets have also 7________________charging
charging customers for their
plastic bags. The article also said that scientists believe they 8________
________a a special bacteria
9
t ha t ________
________eat
eat plastic. The bacteria was discovered in a Japanese recycling centre in
2016. While the scientists 10________
________the
the bacteria, they accidentally made it even better at
eating plastic! At the moment, the bacteria can only eat the plastic in drinks bottles, but in
the future, it 11________
________bebe able to eat all types of plastic! If scientists 12 a super
bacteria to eat all plastic, plastic bags would become a thing of the past!

a read have read did read

a Were you knowing Did you knew c Did you know
a was invented were invented invented
a used to use use to use use to using
5 a tried are trying
6 a are made is made c made
a begun
8 a invented are invented have invented
9 a can can to c can will
10 a investigated have investigated were investigating
a might can c may not
a would create could create c might create
 UNIT 6 THINK OUTSIDE THE OX 55

A ORLD OF
CELEBRATION 1 afpostumd)/ 2 an atmo sphere /
decoration a stall

V Otiva
Fes C AlsBU L A R Y
Q Look at the p hotos and ((circle)
circle) 3 a funfair/parade 4 a p a r a d e / ffll o a t 5 a l a n t e r n / f i r ew
ew o r k
the correct options.

2 QQ Complete the
article with the
correct form of tthe
he
words from Exercise 1. 6 a
d e c o r a t io
io n / 7 a p r o g ra
ra m m e / 8 a parade / 9 a firework/
loat funfair programme lantern

3 QQ (gi rd o)the correct options.

One of the biggest festivals in Japan is the 1 Th e re was al
alre
re ady^ c r o w d ) / o n a t m o s p h e r e o f
Gion Festival in Narita, a small town near
50,000
50,000 peo ple at ten o’clock!
Tokyo. It's a celebration of the summer.
There are colourful1 d e c o r a t i o n s all 2 The biggest c a r n i v a l/ e m o n y in
l / c e rre in the w orld is in
in
over the town and people dress up in Rio, Brazil.
traditional Japanese 2 .Visitors
3 Great music and lots of peop le usually make a
can enjoy food and drink at the many
3
go o d p r o g r a m m e / a t m o s p h e rree .
in Narita's narrow streets.The best
part
part of the festival is when de cor ate d 4
the festival with people on 4 f u n f a ir e r e m o n y is
ir / cce is usua lly a form al event with a
them are pulled through the streets to Narita's main temple.The long history.
streets of Narita are beautiful at night when they are lit up by
5
on the sides of the buildings. 4 QQ Underline the stressed syllable in eac
each
h word.

New Year's Ev
Eve
e is always spe cial in Sydney,
Sydney, ustralia. You can see Tw o s yl
yl la
la bl
ble s T hr
hr ee
ee s y
yll la
la bl
ble s Fo
ou
u r s yl
yl la
la bl
bl e
es
s
6
a beautiful
beautiful display o f in the night sky,
sky, with thou sand s c o s tu m e a tm o sp h e re ceremony
exploding over the Sydney Opera House.There are lots of things to
fir e w o r k c a r n iv a l d e c o r a tio n
do during the day, too. Children can enjoy fantastic rides at the
, like a 40-metre big wheel or a super-fast train. In the funfair
love th e 8
evening, people love of boats, travelling up and parade
down the harbour with special lights on them!

Explore it
it!!
Guess the correct answer
answer..
The famous Japanese
ce re m o n y be gan aro u n d 70
7000
years ago.
a te a b coffee c milk

Find an interesting fact about an ancient

ceremony. Then send the question in an email to
a classmate or ask them in the next class.
 The wolf
EADING and a baby boy
A folk tale

I
n the north of Wales,
Wales, there
1 Q Look at the pictures. hat do you think is a small
s mall village called
the folk tale is about? Read the story and Beddgelert. According to an ol oldd
(circle) the correct answer. story,
story, many hundreds
hu ndreds of years
ago, a prince lived in the area.
a A prince who lost his son. It was a place of forests and
b A very brave dog. dangerous wild animals. The prince loved hunting, so he had
c A brave prince who killed a wolf. lots of do
dogs
gs.. They spent a lot of time chasing animal
a nimalss through
the forests
forest s for sport. His favourite
favourit e dog
dog was called Gelert
Gele rt - a
2 E3E3 Match the words in bold in the folk faithful dog who the prince loved.
tale with the meanings. One day, the prince decided
1 very shocked ho
horrified
rrified to go hunting and called
2 a long piece of metal used for fighting
for Gelert. To the prince’s
surprise, the do
dogg came
came with
blood around its mouth. The
3 chasing and
and trying to
to catch
catch and kill an prince was horrified. Where
animal had the blood come from? He
4 a place in the ground
ground where dead bodies had a terrible thought. He

ar e _______ ran
ra
sawn to
anhis son’sight.
awful s bedroom and
His baby
5 strong and not
not changing in your
was missing and the floor
friendship with someone was covered in blood. The
6 put something
someth ing into a hole
hole in the ground prince realised what the dog
and covered it had done. With anger, he took
a sword and killed Gelert.
3 QE3 Rea
Read
d the folkta
fol ktale
le again. (Circle) the Second
Sec ondss later, the prince heard
h eard
correct answers. a cry from behind the bed.
1 Why did the prince
pri nce have dogs? There was his son, completely
safe. And next to his son was
a Because he was lonely. a wolf - killed by Gelert, ju
just
st
b To look after his castle. a few minutes earlier. The
Q To look for other animals. prince felt very sad. He carried
his favourite dog outside and
2 What did the prince think
thi nk when he saw
buri ed it under some stones.
blood on his dog?
a His son was hurt.
Beddgelert means
mean s ‘Gelert’
Gel ert’ss
grave’in the
t he Welsh language,
language,
b Something was missing. and you can see stones
c The dog was hurt. marking the grave in the village. However, the story might not
3 What did the dog do? be true. Some people say that a hotel owner placed the stones
there 20
2000 years ago and,
and, perhaps, invented the story to bring in
a Killed the prince’s son.
more tourists. And it worked! Now there are many events in the
b Killed a dangerous animal. town, from music festivals
festi vals to
t o firework displays
displ ays on New Year’s
c Hid behind a bed. Eve. In the summer, people in the town grow lots of flowers as
decorations and Beddgelert has won competitions for being the
4 What happened at the end?
most beautiful town in the country
country!!

■
a Everyone forgot
forgot about the
t he dog.
b The village was given the dog’s name. 4 □□□ Thi nkoff a folk tale from your country.
Thinko country. rite a
c The prince found
found another
a nother dog. paragraph about it in your notebook.
 UNIT 7 A WO RL D O
OF
F CEL E RATION 57

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 □□ Complete the sentences with the past perfect

Past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I hadn’t bo
bought
ught (not buy) a costum
costume,e, so
so Id idn’t
id n’t
1 Q Match sentences 1-6 with a-f. have anything special
spe cial to wear to the carnival.
1 Ifelt very tired. (7
2 T a l i a ( n o t hear) o f the festival
2 Icouldn’t go to the
the co
conc
ncert
ert.. I , before she went there.
* 1'

3 I already knew the story of the ffilm.

ilm. 3 He got to
to the concert
conce rt 20 minutes after it
* *
4 I said sorry for being late.
late. ___________ (start).
* '
5 Igot lost when Iwent to Londo
London.
n. (_ , 4 They went to London last year and
and they were also
* '
there 30 years ago. I t ( c h a n g e ) a
6 Id idn’t know what time the concert started
started..
lot.
a I hadn’t looked at the
the 5 We did n’t wa
want
nt to see the new B o n d film because
programme. w e ( n o t see) the previou s one yet.
b I hadn’t bought any ticket
tickets.
s. 6 When Igot home, Irealised that I
c I had read the book. (leave) my phone at school.
d I hadn’t finished
finished my work
on time. 4 HD (gircle) the correct options.

e Ihadn’t been there before.

f I hadn’t slept enough
enough.. PAULA Did you go)/ Had you been anywhere interesting
during the holidays?
2 □□ Read the sentences. MARCO Well, I ^vi
^visited/ had visited my
sited/
(£ircle)the action that happened grandparents in northern Italy
first, A orB. in September. They took me
1 She went to see the fireworks to a town called Marostica. I
because her friends had invited her.
er.
3
didn ’t go / h adn ’t been there
didn

A She went to see the fireworks. before.

® Her friends invited her. PAULA Was it nice?

2 When Isaw the programme, Iknew MARCO Yes, they have a chess
I’d seen the show before. festival there.
PAULA Chess festival? That doesn’t
A Isaw the programme. sound very interesting!
B I saw the show.
show.
MARCO But it was!
was! My grandparents
grandpar ents
3 They’d arranged to meet at the food
old me a lot
H ol d / had t old
stall, but Tom
Tom cou ldn ’t fi
find
nd Katy.
Katy.
about it before 15 w e n t / h a d b ee
ee n and I’d
A They arranged to meet. thought
thoug ht the same as you. But there was a giant
B Tom could n’t find Katy. chess setset in
in the middle of the town! nd people
4 fter he’d phoned his mum, he were dressed in costume s as chess pieces and they
ordered a pizza.
6
m oved/had move d around the board.
ed

A He ordered a pizza. PAULA Right,

Right, OK.
OK. nd do they do that every year?
B He phoned his mum. MARCO Every two years. It’s to celebrate
celebra te a famous
fam ous chess
5 Megan felt a bit upset after she’d said match that two princes p l a y e d / h a d p
7
pll o
oyy e d about

goodbye to them. 600 years ago. They H e l l / h a d f aalll en

en in love with the
same woman, but instead of fighting, they decided
A Mega
Megan
n said go odbye to them.
to play chess!
B She felt a bit upset.
58 A WO RL D OF CEL E RATION UNIT 7

VOCABU ARY AN
ANDD ISTE
ISTENIN
NING
G
Music festivals and live music A conversation

1 Q Complete the lists with the words in the box. O 3 E3 Listen to the conversation. hat is unusual
One word can go in more than one list. about the Secret Solstice Festival?

band mem ber campsite encoreencore

gig headliner
head liner stage support
supp ort act
tent track venue O 4
7.01 _ .. . Listen again. Are the sente
sentences
nces (true)
(true) or
_______________
__________ _____ .____
____ .___________
_____________ __ F (fa
(fa Is
Ise)?
e)?
1 Brandon ha sn’t bee
been
n to
to the Secret Solstice
1 where you can see a band:
Festival. T
2 The weath
weather
er isn’t very cold at the festival.
festival.
2 where you can stay the night:
3 Famous bands don’ t play at the festival.
festival.
3 a singer
sing er or musi
musicia
cian
n in a group: band
band member
member 4 One of the venues is in a dangerous place.
5 Brando n’s brother didn’t have tickets for the
volcan o gig.
gig.

2 QQ Comple tethetex
Completeth etextwith
twith the correct
correct fform
orm of the 5 QQ Look at Exerc
Exercise
ise 6. hat type of information
words from Exercise 1. (object, number or place) is missing in 1-7? (See the
Learn to learn tip in the Student’s Book, p86).

The 1 vevenu
nuee for Glasto
Gla stonbu
nbu ry Festival is a farm in
England. Thousan ds of m usic fans go there to see
6 □□□ Complete the summary about the Secret
their favouri te band s.2
favourite at Glastonbury
Solstice festival. Then listen again and check.
have included some of the biggest names in music,
like Radiohead and Katy Perry. There are also lots
of interestin
interesting, lesss fam ous 3
g, les to see. These
bands play on smaller 4 in front of smaller
crowds. Visitors to the festival usually
usua lly stay on a big
5_ with thousands o f 6 _. There’s
The re’s
always a great atmosphere at Glastonbury and the
The Secret Solstice is a festival.
bands always
alwa ys leave the fans shouting for an
7 It takes place each year in
1 Ic
Icela
eland
nd during
dur ing the summe
sum merr
solstice. Brandon
Brand on says the
festival feels like a 2
-hour day.
day. Wh
Whenen Brand
Br andon’s
on’s
brother went, there were about
3_______ bands. One venue

at the festival was inside a

volcano. You needed to fly in a
4_______ to get there and then

go dow n 5_______ metres to

reach the venue. Only 6

people could see the gig and

the tickets cost ab ou t 7
tickets cost
pounds each
each..
 U N IT
IT 7 | A ORLD OF CELEBRA TION

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 4 □□ Read the conversation. Then complete the

Reported statements reported speech below.

1 Q How do the tenses and verbs change in ME Hi, shraf !

reported speech? Complete the table.
ASHRAF Hi
Hi!! II’m
’m really hap py to see you! I have some
Direct speech Reported speech exciting news. I’m
I’m thinking of going to a
present simple ^ a s t si
sim
mple festival in the
the summer. I want you to come
2 with me.
past simple
3 ME Hmm , I’m not sure. Whe re is it? How muc h
present perfect
4
is it?
present continuous
5
ASHRAF It’s
It’s not far away. It’
It’ss in
in the c oun trysid e. The
will
tickets are about £30. I’ve been there before.
6
can
Ihad a great time.
ME OK, but where wou ld we sta
stay?
y?
2 Q Complete the sentences with said or
told.
told.
ASHRAF Well, ther e’s a cam psite. We can sta y in a tent.
1 My sist
sister
er _ s _ a id _ she went tto
o a real
really
ly
It w on ’t be expensive.
interesting music festival last y
year
ear..
ME OK, I’ll thin k abo ut it.
it.
2 George me that he had some new
tracks fo r me to listen to. ASHRAF Great!

3 I everyone tha t I had a spare ti

ticket
cket
for the concert.
Iw ent to the cafe to meet shr
shraf.
af.
4 Sa l l y that she cou ldn ’t go
go to the
He said that h e 1 was happy to
camp site because she did n’t have a tent.
2
see me and that he some
5 Laura us to m eet her in front of
exciting news. He told me tha t he
the stage. 3
of going to a festival in the summer, and then
6 I I d i d n ’t k n o w w h o t h e s u p p o r t he told me that h e 4 me to go with him. Isaid
act was. that 1 5
sure, and
and I asked where the festival
was and how much it
it was. shraf said that it
3 QQ Rewrite the reported speech as direct 6
far away,
away, in the coun tryside, and the tickets
speech. 7
about £30.
1 shra f said t ha t he was in a caf
cafe.
e. He said that h e 8 there before and that he
9
Tm in a cafe.__________
cafe._________________________
__________________
___ ’ a great
great ti
time.
me. He also said that w e 10
also
2 He told me that he was having lunch. in a tent, so i t 11 very expensive.
expensive. I said that I
12
C 9 abou t it.
it.

3 He said he wan ted to m eet me.

c 5 5 □□□ Think of a conversation you had with someone
4 He said th at he had been in the cafe for an recently. hat did you talk about? rite at least five
hour. sentences using reported speech.

Iwastalking t o Mumyesterday.Shetoldme____________
5 He told me he would leave in about 30
minutes.

6 He told me to come quickly.

60 A WO RL D OF CEL E RATION | UNIT 7

RITING
An email to a friend

1 □ Read the email quickly.

(£ircle )the ph oto that m atches it.

Home Inbox Sent

From Koren To Mott

^ello Matt,
2I just got your message,
message, thank
thanks.
s. 3lt was nice of you to write!
write!
You said you
you wanted
wanted to
to know all about thethe festival.
festival. I'd never been
been to
anything
anythi ng like
like it before, but it was great! I only spent a day there, but
I saw so many amazing things.
things. There
There were
were lots
lots of people
people dressed as rit
rite
e your own email about a festival.
characters
charact ers from
from film
film and
and TV I'I'm
m att
attachi
aching
ng a photo of some
some people I met. PLAN ;
That't's
Tha s Spiderman
Spiderman on the left!
left! He told
told me to say hell
hello
o to you!
you! I thi
think
nk I was
the only one not wearing a costume! I felt strange
strange walking
walking around in 4 Think of a festival you h
have
ave been •

normal clothes! to. rite notes.

•
In the after
afternoon,
noon, there
there was
was an
an event wit
withh some really famous actors hat kind of festival was it
it?
?
from St ar Wars. The
Star There
re were
were probably around
around 500 people in in the audience,
asking questi
questions.
ons. Unfortunately,
Unfortunately, I didn'
didn'tt get the chance to ask anything.
anything.
hat did people wear?
ut one of the guests
guests said th
that
at she had just filfilmed
med something really
really
exciting for the next film. Then
Then she
she told us!
us! I can't
can't say anything - it'
it's
s
a spoiler! • hat did people do?

OK, 4I must go now. 5I hope to hear frfrom

om you soon. *
6I'II be in touch later, ; hat did you s
see
ee and do?
do?

Karen
How did you feel? ________________

2 □ □ Put a-e in the order they appear in the email (1-5).

a (* ' requ est for a reply
* * 5 Decide what information to include.
b _ go o dbye Use the structure in Exercise 2 to help
* '
c ( des cription of the festi
festival
val you.

d (1 greeting
* '
WRITE
e [ th an ks fo r wri ti
tin
ng 6 rit
rite
e your email. Remem ber to
I in c lu d e th e p
pa
ast p
pe
e rrffe c
ctt , rre
e p or
or te d
3 QQ Match the underlined phrases in the email (1-6)
speech and phrases from the Useful
with the U s e fu
fu l l a n g u a g e phrases (a-f).
*--- ; language box (see Student’s Book,
a Write back soon. p : p89).
* '
b nyway, tha t’s all ffrom
rom me. __
* ' : CHECK
c Bye for now. I •7 D o y ° u •••
d Hi Matt, I • • have a gre etin g and a goo db ye?
* '
e It wa s grea t to hear from you. • desc ribe the ceremony?
* ' • • re qu es t a reply ?
f Th an ks fo r yo u r e m ai l .
 UNIT 7 A WO RL D O
OF
F CEL E RATION 61

€
VOCABU ARY
EVIEW

J Match the definitions with the

words in the box.
/--------------------------------------\
costume decoration
firework float funfair
lantern parade
programme stall
k_______________________ )
1 something you use to make
things look more interesting
or beautiful
2 Complete the sentences with words for music and live festivals.

2 a plan of all the activities and 1 There were

events at a festival
a big table on the street where
people can buy things
4 a big decorated lorry that
moves through the streets
at festivals
5 a light that people can hold or
hang up in public places
6 the clothes you wear for a
special activity ANGUAGE IN ACTION
were three b m in Clean Bandit: Grace Chatto,
and Jack and Luke Patterson.
2 At the end of the concert, the audie
audience
nce shouted for more and
and the band
came back for an e
It was a terrible v for a concert. I couldn
cou ldn’t
’t see the stage
because it was really far away.
4 I don
don’t
’t think
thin k this year’s festival will be very good. The h are a
band from the 1990s that no one has heard of.
5 We went to a small
sma ll g_______ last night
ni ght - it was one of the best live
events I’ve been to.
6 Did you know that there
ther e is a bonus t at the end of the album?
Most people don’t know about it.
7 Sometimes, the s a is better than the main performer.
8 The festival has a big c with space for nearly 500 tents.

7 something that makes 3 Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in
beautiful lights and noises in the box.
the night sky

8 a large number of people 1 I did

didn’t
n’t go to the festival because I that it was going to rain.
walking together, usually to
2 I’m glad that w e the tickets early, because they became really
celebrate something
expensive later.
By the time the headliners appeared, the support acts on
9 a place with games and stage for an hour.
machines you can ride on 4 My sister loved the concert. S h e anything like it before.
5 When
When you checked
chec ked the tick
tickets
ets online, they them all?
6 People the street with lanternsand it looked beautiful.
62 A WO RL D OF CEL E RATION UNIT 7

4 hat did Mike say? Change the direct speech into reported speech.
1 ‘I want to go home.’ 4 ‘I’ll take a taxi home’
Mike said that Mike said that
2 ‘I don’t feel well.’ 5 ‘I can’t find a taxi number!’
Mike said that Mike said that
3 Tve taken some medicine.’ 6 ‘I’ll ask my mum to collect me.’

Mike said that Mike said that

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete the text with the missing words. Cirde)the correct options.

^W llllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll//^
llllllllllllllllllllllllll//^
1 a happens b had happened c is happening
I live in a small town. It’s nice, but 2 a said b asked c told
nothing
noth interesting ev er 1
ing interesting . 3 a is being b should be c would be
So I was really surprised when my 4 a was b had c have been
dad 2 me that there would
5 a not want b didn’t want to c didn’t wanted
be a big celebration. He said that the
bridge in the town 3 200 years 6 a came b will come c come
old this summer and there would 7 a looks b looking c looked
be a huge party. At first, I said that I 8 a was b were c had been
was n’t int erested. 14
interested. over
9 a was learning b have learned c had learned
that bridge
bridge thousands
thousand s of times going
going
5 10 a is built b built c was built
to school and 1 see it in my
summer holidays. But then my dad 11 a was thinking b used to think c don’t think
said, ‘If yo
youu6 to the festival, 12 a festivals enough
enough b too festivals c enoug
enough
h festivals
fe stivals
you’ll have a great time’. So I went.
And it really was great! Everyone
Everyon e was
dressed up in costumes and they had
a parade through the town centre.
whole tow n 7__________ like a big
The whole
history lesson! And in the evening,
there 8__________ a big fireworks
display. Earlier that day, I 9
that the bridge was really important
in history. It 10__________
__________by
by a famous
11
architect. 1 __________ it was just a
boring bridge! It was a great day, but I
still don’t think there a re 12__________ ir
my town!
 UN IT 7 | A OR

3 Q Q Complete the sentences with the correct form of phrases

B A C K TO
8 ^SCHOOL
from Exercise 1.
1 I took an ex
2 If y o u
exam
am last week but I’m not sure how well Idid.
for bad behaviour, you won ’t be able
to go to rugby practice
p ractice after school!
3 He doesn’t alw ays for his school wo rk - last
week he got a D for an essay.
V
S cO
h oC
oAl BU L A R Y 4 Paula was very pleased when she all her
- she got s in the history
histor y and science!
science!
1 □ (Circle)the correct verbs to complete 5 Ica n’t go out tonight. Ineed t o on capital cities and
the phrases about school. Ihaven’t learned them all yet.
6 I on ancient histo ry - I got an F
F!! I need to
take it again.
7 Why
Why did the tea che r y o u ? What did you
do to make him angry?
8 Pleas
Please
e try t o on time, Sam! Th at’s the second
time y ou’ve given it to me late this week!
9 Someone in Miss Clarke’s class. They used
thei r phone to look for the answers!
10 Unless yo u and listen to everything he says,
you wo n’t know how tto
o do the project.

1 (phe
(phecrty/p a y v n a test
crty/p
4 □ □ □ Complete the sentences so they are true for you.

2 t e l l / f a i l an exam 1 If I saw someone cheating in a test, IIwould

would

3 g e t / p a y detention
2 It’s
It’s import
important
ant for me to get good grades because
4 r e v i s e / g e t good grades
5 h a n d / p a s s in homework
homewor k on time
3 The last time Ifailed
Ifa iled an exam was
6 c h e a t / p a s s an exam
7 p a y / g e t attention to the teacher
4 One importa nt exam Iw ill take this year is
is
8 revise / take fo r a tes
testt
9 t a k e / p a y an exam 5 I usually revise
revise for tests
tests
10 s a y / t e l l somebody off
11 write / revise a n ess
write essay
ay
Explore it!
2 Q Look at phrases 1-8 in Exercise 1.
Guess the correct answer.
rite them in the correct column.
The highest school in the world is calledcalled
Positi
itive thin
thing
gs Negative thin
ing
gs Phumachangtang in the Himalayas.
cheat in a te s t The school is more than 4 , 0 0 0 / 5 , 0 0 0 / 6 , 0 0 0
metres above sea level.

Find an interesting fact about education in your country

and send the question in an email to a classmate or ask
them in the next class.
64 ACK TO SCHO OL UNIT 8

Home Sign in Register

READING
A report

1 Q What do you think is happening in the

photo? Read the report and check your ideas.

SCHOOL
SCHOOL’’ S O T
Almost 50,000 people were homeschooled in the UK last year.
Reasons for homeschooling can include a child’s special
needs, b u lly in g o r a lack Of good school options in the
are
area.
a.We spoke to on e‘ homesc
homeschooler’
hooler’,,And rew Jam
James
es,, from
Cumbria in the UK, about his experiences of homeschooling.
‘I started homeschooli
homeschooling
ng three years ag
ago
o - I’m 14 now. N ex t year
year,, I want t o go to Amsterdam to visit the house
house of Anne
When I left junior school, I went straight to homeschooling, Frank because I’m learning about her famous d i a r y in my history
so I’ve never been to secondary school. My mum was also lessons.
homeschooled, so she was keen for us to have a similar It’s no t all
all holidays and d
day
ay trip s - we w or k rreally
eally hard a
and
nd study
education to hers. My parents believe that education is not a lot! ut I really love
love my home education. I wo uld n’t change
change it
just about getting good grade
gradess o r taking exa
exams
ms - they think for anything!’
a balanced education, including practical skills, is
also important.
My younger brother and I study at home with our parents 3 Q Q Read the report again. Are the sentences
fo r seven
seven hours a day.
day. oth ou r parents use
used d to be teachers T (true) orF (false)? Correct the false sentences.
- so tha t h
helps
elps!! ut h
havin
aving
g school at home doesn’t me mean
an 1 Andrew has never attended an ordinary school.
the re aren ’t any rules.W e’re no t allowed tto
o sta
stayy in bed a
allll day
day,
F He
He went
wen t to an ordinary u nio
niorr sc
schoo
hool.
l.
obviously, but we can
can also choose what we learn. O f course,
we study normal subjects, but we also frequently go to 2 Andrew started homeschooling because he didn’t
libraries, museums, exhibitions, concerts and sporting events like his school.
as part of our education.
We can also do other things that maybe you can’t do at
His parents taught at schools before they
an ordinary school. For example, each year my brother
homeschooled And
Andrew.
rew.
and I are allowed to plan a big trip to a place connected to
something we are studying. My brother studies geology, so
we we nt to Mo unt Ves
Vesuviu
uviuss in Italy to learn about volcanoe
volcanoes.
s. 4 Andrew and his brother do some studying outside
their home.

2 □ □ Match the words in bold in the report with the

5 Their trips to other places are part of their education.
meanings.
1 having equal amounts of something
6 Andrew would like to go back to ordinary school in
2 a book with
with som eone’s thoughts and feelings
the future.

the causes of an event or situation

4 very iinterested
nterested in 4 Q Q Q Think of two possible disadvantages of
5 not enough of something homeschooling.

6 when someone hurts or

or frightens someone els
else
e
 UNIT 8 ACK TO SCH OOL 65

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 4 □□ rite questions and short answers with the correct form
c an
an / c an
an ' t of be allowe d to
to..

1 you / cycle to sch ool? (yes

(yes))
1 Q hat do the sentences expre
express?ss? rite
re yo
youuallowed to cycl
cycle
e to sc
school?
hool? Yes. Iam
Iam,
permission, prohibition or
a bility.
ability.
2 your teachers / give detention? (yes)
1 Marcus can ’t leave yet because h e’s got
detention.
2 You had a very good grade for your essay 3 boys / wear any cloth es they like
like?? (n
(no)
o)
Can Iread it? ___________
3 Sonia can play two instrumen ts and 4 stu de nts /ta lk in e
exams
xams?? (n
(no
o)
she ’s a great singer, too.
5 you r best friend / sit next to you? (ye
(yes)
s)
2 □ (^irde)the correct options.
In my school, \Ne ($ a n )/c a n ’ t learn Latin if
6 your parents / help with hom ework? (n
(no)
o)
we want.
2 My sister c a n / c a n ’ t spea k Italian, but she
speaks German well.
5 □ □ Complete the conversation with the missing words.
3 Mrs Evans says I c a n / c a n ’ t leave until (£ircle)the correct options.
opti ons.
I’ve finished this exercise.
4 C a n / C a n ’ t I borrow your dicti
dictionary,
onary,
please?
5 We c a n / c a n ’ t understand you when you
speak clearl
clearly.
y.
6 You c a n / c a n ’ t stay in bed all day. It’s bad
for you.

be a llo
llo w e d to
Ith ink i t’s hard
hard to be the youn gest in the family. My big sister
3 □ □ Put the words in the correct order 1
to go to bed when she wants, but 12 .O n
to make sentences. Then tick (/) the 3
Fridays and Saturdays 1 stay up later, but not as late
sentences that are true for your school. as my sist
sister.
er. nd my big bro the rs 4 watch late shows
1 s c h o o l /a
/ a t / w e a r / a ll
ll o w e d / on TV!
TV! But th e y 5
to leave
leave the house withou t helping
Students / aren’t /jew ellery /t o our parents.
parents. Th ey 6
go to colleg e by car, but 17
St ud en ts aren’
aren’tt all
allow
owed
ed to wear ewel
ewellery
lery drive yet
yet so Icycle to school. ll the people in my family
8
a t sc
school
hool.. tell me off because I’m the young est - it’s so unfair!
unfair!

2 lunchtime/ al
allo
lowed
wed / phones/
We / at / use / to / are / ou r 1(a) is allowed b are allowed c can
2 a can b ’m not c isn’t
3 break time / football / play / 3 a can’t b can c ’m not allowed to
Studen ts / at / are / allowed / to
4 a can to b is allowed to c are allowed
allowed to
5 a aren’t allowed b can’t c not allowed
4 shout / all
allowed
owed / aren’t/th e/ Y o u / 6 a can b can’t c aren’t allowed to
teach ers/to / a
att
7 a ’m allowed to b can c can’t
8 a are allowe
allowe d to b is allowed to c aren’t allowed
allowed to
66 ACK TO SCHO OL UNIT 8

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Attitude and behaviour

A phone call
4 □ Complete the words with the correct vowels
1 Q You will hear an exchange student in the (a, e , /, o, u).
Netherlands talking about what she likes about the 1 rude 6 c _ r _ I—ss
country. rite two questions
question s you’d
you ’d like to ask. 2 c_ r _ f_ l 7 _ rg n_ s _ d
3 ch_ld_sh 8 n_ ghty
4 p_l_t_ 9 d_ s_ rg n _s_
_s_d
d
5 m t r 10 w ll-b h v d
O2 Listen to the phone call. Does it answer
8.01 ,
any of your questions from Exercise 1?
r

5 □□ Complete the sentences with the words from

Exercise 4.
1 Rohan is a very well-
well-beh
behav
aved
ed stu dent: th e teach ers
never need to te ll him off.
2 Patricia iiss a ve ry child. She never say
sayss
please!
3 Our teache r likes
likes u
uss to b e and keep our
desks clean and tidy.

4 Please be when you cycle in the rain.

5 Don’t be - you should check your
hom ewo rk for mistakes before you hand it in.
in.
6 Our parents teach us to be and thank
visitors for coming to the house.
7 Bella ’s pens a
and
nd p encils are all over the floor
floor.. She ’s
so with her things!
8 My l i t t le c o u s in is v e r y ! My a u nt
n t ’s a l w a y s
telling him off, but he never listens.
H 3 E3E3 Listen again and answer the questions. 9 Molly is nearly 1
16
6, but sometime s she is very
8.01
1 What is the subject o f the ph one call? - like a little girl
girl..

Studying andlMn^Jn anath 10 Paul is youn ger than his si

sister
ster Molly
Molly,, but he’s much
more and sensible.
2 How long will Julia be in
in the Netherlands?

6 □□ Match sentences 1-5 with a-e.

* *
3 Wha t’s her favourite
favourite thin g ab out lif
life
e in the 1 Jor ge is so care less. Ic
* <
Netherlands?
2 He’s usua lly very mature
mature..
3 Ben ’s a naughty boy at home. ___
* '
4 Why are Dutch
Dutch drivers u sually polite, ac cording to
4 Try to be more polite.
Julia? * *
5 Eymen isn’t disorganised. __

5 How did Julia travel to school this morning? a He hardly ever does an ything childish.
b It’s
It’s so rude not to say tha nk you.

6 Whic
Which
h cou ntry does Julia com pare with the c He shou ld try to be more careful.
Netherlands? d Hi
Hiss schoo lwo rk is always tidy and organised.
e But he’s well-beha ved at school.
 UNIT 8 ACK TO SCH OOL 67

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 4 Q Q Are the sentences about the school notices

have to, m st and
andnn e e d to (true) or F (false)? Correct the false sentences
with (don’t) have to or must (n’t). Sometimes
J D (^ircle)the correct options. there is more than one possible answer.
1 You(need to) / d on ’ t have t o/ m us t n’ t revise for exams.
2 He m ust / d oesn’
oesn’tt need tto
o / d oesn’ have t o be better-
oesn’tt have
behaved in class - he’s quite naughty!
3 Students d o n ’t
’t h a ve t o / d o n ’ t n e e d t o / m u s t n ’’tt wear
ve
make-up: it’s not allowed.
4 We d o n ’t
’t n e
eee d t o / h a v e to / m u s t n ’’tt ask if we do n’t
understand the questions.
5 You d o n ’t
’t h a ve t o / m u s t / h o v e t o finish the essay right
ve
now. It’s for next week.

2 □□ Put the words in the correct order to make the

Exam FAQs.

• •• <>
Home News Sign in Register
xa
xamm FAQ
FAQs
1 need
need / we / to / an optional
optional question
question I answer / Do / ?
Do we need to ans
answer
wer an optional question ?_______
?_______ 1 You don’t have to make an appointment to see
the nurse.
2 ha
have
ve / we / Do / to
to / a pen
pen / use
use / ?
F You have t o I m ust mak
make
e an
an appointment to
see the nurse.
nurse._______________________________________
_______________________________________
3 do/What/first/need/to/we/do/?
2 Students don’t have to switch off their phones
in the canteen.
4 if / we / Wha
Whatt / have
have / do / to
to / do / not
not sure / we’re
we’re / ?

3 Yo
You
u mu stn’t make noise outside the libra
library
ry on
5 do / need
need / What
What / to / we / do / before
before / finish
finish / we / ?
Monday morning.

6 ha
have
ve / we / to / Do / the
the exam
exam room
room / stay / in
in / ? 4 Students must wear a funny costume to the
leaving party.

3 Q Q Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. Then match the answers (a-f)
with the FAQs (1-6) in Exercise 2.

a Yo u jn
jnee
eedL
dLto
to check
chec k a 11yo ur a nswe rs b efo re yo u f n s h. e Yes,
Yes, yo u a black pen.
b Yo u in the room, but please leave quietly. f Yo u something, so if
c Yo u all the questions carefully before you
you answer.
answer. you ’re not sure about an answer,
answer,
do n’t leave it - guess!
d If a question is option al, y o u it.
68 ACK TO SCHO OL UNIT 8

RITING 2 Q Matc
Matchh the parts o f the essay
essay (1-4)
(1-4) with
An essay the correct paragraphs (A-D).
1 a conclusion with the write
wri te r’s opinio n J2_
□ Make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of
2 ba
bad
d things about digital technology
dig ital techn ology in school education. Then read
read the
3 an introductio n to the topic
essay. Does it have your ideas?
4 good
good things about digital technology

3 H Q Put the underlined words in the essay

essay
in the correct order to make the U eful
language phrases.

Should we reduce digital techno

Should technology
logy 1 Jn th is>
is >ess
essayJ
ayJ outb’ne 4
in the classroom? 2 5
3 ____________
A Most of us find it difficult to imagine schools without
laptops or tablets, but some people believe that using
electronic devices in class too much can be a bad thing.
1essay, / In / outline / I / this some of the advantages and Write your own essay.
disadvantages of technology and give my own opinion. PLAN
2
B hand, / the / On / one using digital technology in the
classroom can be more exciting than learning from 4 Think of two goo
good
d things and
and two
bad things about weekend homework.
books. Technology can also encourage more students Write notes.
to take part in group work through online activities. It is
also believed that using technology can help students Good things __________
to remember what they learn.
C 3other / On / the / hand, technology may cause students Bad things __________
to stop paying attention in class. 4that / Some / say
technology is also bad for social skills, as students
might speak to each other less during lessons. 5argue / 5 ook at the essay question. Make notes
that / Others technology can make cheating
cheating easier
easier for on your opinion and decide what to
students - both in classwork and
and homework. include. Use the information in
Exercise 2.
D In my opinion, there are more important advantages
than disadvantages, but there should be a balance Is weekend homework a good or bad thing?
between technology and traditional classroom work.
Computers can never take the place of the teacher!

WRITE
6 □ □ □ Write y our es
essa
say.
y. Remember to
include fou r paragraphs,
paragraphs, can/can’t, be
allo wed to, have to, mu t andneed to and
the phrase
phrases
s from the U eful language
langu age
box (see
(see Stu den t’s Book,
Book, plO l).

CHECK
7 Do yo u. ..
• have
have an introd
int roduct
uction
ion and conclusion?
conclusion?
• wr
write
ite about
abou t good things and bad things?
 UNIT 8 A C K T O S C H O O L 69

g R EV
E V IE
IE

VOCABULARY

Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) with 2 (£i

£ird
rde)the
e)the correct words.
the ends (a-f). 1 Jonty is verywell-
well-behaved/
behaved/ nau
naughty: he never gets
ghty:
* *
1 The teacher will tell you off if detention.
* '
2 If you revise
revis e well for a test, 2 It’spolite/rude to talk when your teacher’s
teac her’s talking.
* '
3 It’s
It’s always wrong 3 I’m soorganis
organised/
ed/ dis
disorga
organised that Ican never
nised
* '
4 If students don
d on’t
’t pay attention, find anything.
* '
5 We usu
usually
ally have to write
writ e an
an essay 4 She’s only ten but she’s reallymature/childish for
her age.
age.
6 If you work, you won’t
won’ t fail
5 Careful/Careless work doesn’t
d oesn’t usually get
get good
good
a when we take an English exam. grades.
b the exam - you’ll pass it. 6 You’ re sowell-
well-behaved/
behaved/ naughty.. You never do
naughty
c they won’t know what to do. anything Itell you!
d you’ll get a good grade. 7 Childish/
Childish/ Mat
Matur e people behave like someone a lot
ure
e to cheat in a test. younger.
f you don’t hand in homework on time. 8 Becareless/ careful with hmet - he’s very
careful
sensitive!
9 He’s veryrude/ pol
polite: he always says ‘please’ and
ite:
‘thank you’
you ’.
10 Veryorgani
organised/
sed/ dis
disorgan
organised people plan
ised
everything
everythin g they do.

LANGUAGE IN ACTION

3 Complete the sentences with can, can’t or the

correct form of be allowed.
1 In some countries, girls go to school
because their parents nee
need
d their help.
help.
2 Boys in that sc
scho
ho ol to wear long trousers.
They all wear
w ear shorts.
3 We to have smartphones
smartpho nes in the e
exam
xam
room:: tha
room t hat’s
t’s cheating.
4 You
Yo u use the libra
library
ry after lunch but not in
the morning.
5 If yo
you’
u’ re late for an exam,
exam, y o u to take it -
you have to do it another day.
6 Your parents
paren ts help you because they don’t
know Latin.
70 ACK TO SCHO OL UNIT 8

4 Complete the sentences

sentences with the wo rds in the box.

have
have to wear have
have to wo rry must be mu stn’t run nee
need
d to come nee
need
d to meet

1 You really quick. The test starts soon. 4 My paren ts my teacher after school.
2 We don ’t school uniform at the weekend. 5 We in the corridors. It’s dangerous.
3 S a lly d o e s n ’ t . Sh e’s revised w e ll f o r th e 6 Doi with you or can you go alone?
test.

C U M U AT IVE AN G U AG E

5 Complete
Complete the te xt w ith the missi
missing
ng words.(Circl
words.(Circle)t
e)the
he correct options.

HOME ABOUT ME ARCHIVE FOLLOW

Hello! In this week’s blog 11________

________at
at exam preparation. Now,
if you usually 2________
________my
my blog, you’ll know that I hate exams.
I ju st 3________
________do
do them! If 14________ make exams history,
I would do it! Anyway, 15________
________this
this subject a lot since my last
post and I think one important thing is planning: you 6

start revising well before your exams. You 7________start

________ start months
before, but at least a 8________
________weeks.
weeks. You9________ also study
at school as well as at home. Find a quiet place, like the library,
so you 10________concentrate.
________ concentrate. Little and often is the best way
to study; an hour a day is great. Also, do exercise between study
sessions - this helps you to relax
relax.. 111________
________for
for a run in my
local park. Finally, get a good night’s sleep before the exam! In my
last exam, 112________
________well
well the night before and I got a really bad
grade. OK, that’s all for now. More tips next week!

1 a look b ’m looking c had looked

2 a read b will read c have read
3 a can b can’t to c can’t
4 a could b can c would
5 a ’m studying b ’ve studied c ’d studied
6 a must b don’t have to c must to
7 a have to b haven’t to c don’t have to
8 a few b little c enough
9 a shouldn’t b should c should to
10 a need to b have to c ’ll be able to
11 a ’m going often b go often c often go
12 a hadn’t slept b haven’t slept c wasn’t sleeping
 UNIT 8 ACK TO SCH OOL 71

9 a holiday 2 □□ hat is the hidden word in grey in the

puzzle in Exercise 1?

ON THE MOON 3 Q Q Complete the text with the correct form

of the words from Exercise 1. Sometimes
more than one answer is possible.

V O C A BU L A R Y
Travel
HOME DESTINATIONS FAQS

If you enjoy going

□ □ Complete the puzzle. Use the clues.
1 abro
ab road
ad and visitin
visiting
g
exotic places, then Indonesia
is one of the world
world’s’s most
interesting 2

You can flfly

y directl
directlyy to the
capital, Jakarta. Flights can
be expensive, so it’s best to
make your3 early.
You ccan
an also arrive
arrive by
by 4 , but thi
thiss is a much
much longer
5 by sea through Singapore or Australi
Australia.
a. Jakart
Jakartaa is
a lively city, and it’s just a short 6 by plane to the
7
ancient
enjoy oldcit
city
y of Yogyaka
Yogyakarta,
buildings, rta, where
temples you can
and even go volcano. Many
an active and
tourists
touri sts go to the island of ali, which offers many many types o off
8 , from expensive hotels to cheap hostels. You
can, of course, stay in a large9 , some
some wit
with
h thei
theirr
own restaurants
restaurants and private beaches. Finally,
Finally, if
i f you have lots
of time, Indonesia is a popular place to go 1 0 : you
could spend
spend months travell
travelling
ing around the co
country,
untry, enjoying
enjoying
the local food and culture.

Explore it!
1 the place someon e is 7 when you travel
trave l from
Guess the correct answer.
travelling to one place to another, cruise ship creates the same
2 in or to a diffe
different
rent especially in transport
amount of pollution in one
one day
country from yours 8 a pla
place
ce to stay on
as... cars.
3 a fam
family
ily place with holiday,
holida y, e.g
e.g.. a hotel,
a 5,000 b 20,000 c 1 million
hotels, pools, restaurants caravan or youth hostel
and bars (two words) 9 trave lling with a large Find an interesting fact about tourism and
bag,, usually visitin g
bag the environment and send the question in
4 when y
you
ou travel
many places an email to a classmate or ask them in the
somewhere and go back
next class.
home in a short time 10 visiting famous or
5 a large
large boat that you can interesting places on
have a holiday on (two holiday
words) 11 a reser
reservation
vation you make
6 when you vis
visit
it a place to have a hotel room, or
and look around it, often a seat on a plane.
with a group of people
72 A HOLIDAY ON THE MOO N | UNIT 9

EADING
A magazine interview

J □ Look at the photos of drones. Then read the

interview and(circle)the best title.
a The dangers of drones T H E SKY ’S T H E LIM
IMIIT!
b Why drones will never so
solve
lve transport problems Computer scientist Jeremy May answers our questions
c How drones will change the way we travel about the future of transport.

2 Q Q Match the words in bold with the definitions. How will wo bo travelli
trav elling
ng in th
thee futu
future
re??
1 staying away from someone or something
some thing av
avoi
oidi
ding
ng I think driverless taxis will become common. Not only
that, but companies will soon be using trucks which
2 taking things like food or books to som eon e’s don’t have a driverThis will save companies a lot of
house money. Some companies have developed a kind of flying
3 work
working
ing quickly and in an organised way taxi, too. It works like a helicopter but it doesn’t need a
pilot - it’s
it’s actuall
actuallyy a drone. It’s possible
possible that ssome
ome citie
cities,
s,
4 arrive on the ground after moving down through
like Dubai, will have lots of flying taxis in the near future.
the air
B ____________________________________
5 not having a driver
Well, some people are worried that driverless taxis aren’t
6 big vehicles used to trans port things
safe.already
are Flying full,
taxissohave
oneto be even will
challenge safer
beofavoiding
course.The skies
objects,
3 n n Read the interview again. Complete it with the like other drones, buildings and birds. But most of us
missing questions (1-5). won’t need to worry. It’s likely that only the very rich will
1 Isn’t
Isn’t this going to create lots of problems? be able to travel
trav el by flying taxi - in the beginn
beginning
ing anyway
anyw ay
2 Won’t this make people lazy? C
3 What other changes will there be
be?? Firstly, these taxis will use electricity, so they will be more
environmentally
environme ntally friendly.
friendly. Secondly,
Secondly, they will be able to
4 How will
wi ll we be trave lling in th e future?
travel up to I 80 kilometr
kilometres
es per
pe r hour This
This,, plus
plus the fact
5 What a
are
re the advantages? that they and land anywhere,
th ey will be able to take off and
means that they will be much more efficient than
4 ESQ Read the interview again. Answer the questions. normal taxis.
1 How will compa
companies
nies save
save money with new D ____________________________________
technology? Companies will soon start delivering things by drone.
They will use driverless
driverle ss trucks.
tru cks. In Dubai, a company tested a service for people who
2 Where
Where might we see flying taxis soon?
soon? wanted a coffee but didn’t want to travel to a cafe.
The people just ordered online and got their coffee
in a few minutes!
3 What might be the biggest danger for flying taxis?

It might! But the technology has a more serious use.

4 What three things make flying taxis better than We will be using drones to send quickly medicines or
normal taxis? food to difficult-to-reach places like mountains or islands.
This will be very useful in
emergencies.
5 How will drones help people
p eople in danger?
 UNIT 9 A HO LIDAY ON THE MOO N 73

LANGUAGE IN ACTION
be going to and present continuous for future

1 Q Complete the sentences with the phrases in the

box. Then write A for the arrangements and P for the
predictions.

aren ’t going to find is going to make

’m going to ’ re trave lling ’s leaving
4 E3E3 (Circle)the best options. For one
1 Next week, I’m goin
going
g to _ Spain on holiday.
answer, both options are possible.
2 He for the airport
airp ort in an hour by taxi
taxi..
^wimi
^wimi iiiiii iuimu iiiiui
i iiiui ii in iiinii uni iiinii
ii iiinii mu iniiiiii iuin
i i i i h/4^
3 Technology travel more environmentally
friendly. I rea
read
d the other day that we are living /(w ill be) be)
(living)on Mars in the next 30 years. Well, you
4 We to Bali by plane, not cruise ship.
and I ^a
^are n’t goin g to live /a re n ’t living on Mars
ren’t
5 They a way to trav
travel
el which is 100%
100% safe.
- they 3are only sending/ are only going to send
theirtop astronauts in the nearfuture! Normal
people ^are n’tt livin g/ won’t be living there for
^aren’
2 □□ Decide if the sentences are arrangements or
a long time. The famous scientist Professor
predictions. Then complete them with the best form of the Stephen Hawking said that tha t we 5are going to
verb in brackets.
nee d/are needi
needing ng to find a new planet in 100
1 I ’m mooting
mooting (mee
(meet)
t) my friend at four o’c lock on
years because we &are having/a re going to
Saturday.
have more problems with climate clima te change and
2 S h e ( n o t enjoy) the jo u rn e y by cruise ship next other things in the future. 17 ’m g ivin g /’m going going
week - she hates boats. to give a presentation on space travel next
3 W e ( g o ) ca m p in g in Greece in July. week at school, so I’ve I’ve done some research!
4 T h e y ( l i k e ) M adagascar next summer. The Hawking had previously said that in 1,000
wildlife there is incredible! years,, people re n’t living/ won’t b
years bee living o
onn
the Earth at all. I’m not sure Iagree - a lot of
5 Todd and L a u r a ( h a v e ) lunch at the a irp o rt
things can happen in 1,000 years!
tomorrow befo
before
re their flight.
^//iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim^

Future
Future continuou s
5 QE3E3 rite three predictions in the future
3 Q Q Put the words in order to make sentences in the future continuous. Use the ideas in the box or your
continuous. Then tick (/) the sentences you agree with. own ideas.
1 abroa
abroadd / in / I/ 20 / living / be / years / will
communication houses music
JjM.LIJ2eJ.Mng_ahroadJri_2O_years_._
relationships work
2 wil
willl / by 2025
2025 / be
be / tra
travel
velling
ling / by flying
flyin g taxi / Everyone \_____________
\________________
___ ___________
_______________>
____>
5y 2O5O, people won’t be communicating
communicating
3 doing / all
all / Ro bot s/jo bs / in / will / be /te n yea
years
rs face-to-fa
face -to-face
ce any
anymo
more.
re.

4 50 years / living / other / wo n’t /\Ne / be / planets

plan ets / on / in

5 using / wo n’t / be / 1
15
5 years / petrol
petro l / We / in / cars / in
74 A HOL IDAY ON THE MOON UNIT 9

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING Conversations

Travel phrasal verbs
3 Q You will hear two people planning a holiday.
Complete the phrasal verbs in the sentences. Use Look at the map and answer the questions.
the words in the box.

around away back in off out

<_____________________________________/
1 fter we ’ve checked in to our hotel, Iw ant to rest
and then have some lunch.
2 We didn ’t g o this summer. We stayed at
home for our holidays.
3 I always feel nervous when the plane is taking

4 We have to check of the hotel early - at 9

o’clock - but we can leave our bags.
bags.
5 Our plane is at 2 pm, so we need to set for
fo r
the airpo rt at around 11 a
am.
m.
1 Which part of tthe
he wo rld are they going to visi
visit?
t?
6 Iw ent to Madrid for a short business trip, but Id idn ’t
have time to loo k the city.
7 It’s
It’s ni
nice
ce to g e t on ho liday once a year and 2 Wh at’s the best way to travel around and see all
see a new place. these places?

8 Our train
train was delayed, so we didn ’t ge t until
late at night. 3 How much time do you think you would need?
9 What time is you r plane expected to get ?

2 QQ Complete the email with the correct form of the dTii 4 Listen to the conversation and check your
9.01 . r- . I .
answers to Exercise 3. Do Emma and Mason
k

phrasal verbs from Exercise 1.

have the same ideas as you for questions 2
and 3?

5 E3E3 Listen again. Are the sentences 7 (true) or

90 1
F (f
(fa
a Ise)?
Ise)?

1 Emma and Mason can travel anywh ere iin

n
Europe with their train tickets. T
2 Mason wan ts to go to the beach fi
first.
rst.
3 Emma would like to visit museums.
4 Mason doe sn’t wan t to g
go
o to Finland because
it’s cold.
5 Mason would like to visit some European
capitals.
6 Emma do esn ’t wan t to g
go
o to large
large ci
cities.
ties.
 UNIT 9 | A HO LIDAY ON THE M OON 75

LANGUAGE IN ACTION 3 □ □ Complete the text with the clauses in the box
Relative pronouns and relative clauses and the correct relative pronouns.

1 Q Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. brings you has travelled to lots of countries
1 The town wher
wheree we went on holiday last year I can see I got a parcel in the post
was quite cheap. Iw ant to visit Japa n opinio n 11ru
11rust
st

2 Th
The
e pla ne Itook was two hours
hours late.
late.
3 Spring is the time of year you can see The reason J wh
whyy Iwant t o visit Japan
Japan is my broth er
beautiful pink trees in Japan. Jonathan. He’s
He’s som eon e 2 , including
4 The reason Iw ant to go to Turkey is to try the US
US and ustralia,
ustralia , but he always says that JapanJapa n
the food. is his
his favourite place. He was working
work ing there when
5 The
The wom an suitcase was damaged was Iwas quite young and he often used to send me
very upset. presents. Iloved the moment 3
6 New York is a good place for peo ple like and there was somethin
som ethin g inside, like a cool toy,toy, food
sightseeing. or a maneki-neko (this is like like a little
litt le cat
4 good luck).
2 Q Q Correct one mistake in each sentence. So, Jona
Jonathan
than is the person
5
1 I remem ber where we went to London to see
see the the most about
travelling to different countries
Houses of Parliament. - I always ask him
him for advice.
advice. I
Iremember whe
when nw
we
e went to London
London to see the
hope I can visit Tokyo one da day,
y,
Houses o f Parliament.
Parliament. and also other sm aller towns
2 This is
is the holiday resort IIwill
will be sstaying.
taying. 6 traditional
Japanese life.
3 Is tha
thatt the g
girl
irl bag got lost?
4 □ □ □ Join the sentences using a relative pronoun.
4 Ilost the camera Ibrought it with me. 1 These are
are the people. I met them on holiday.
Zheao
Zhe ao a
are
re tthe
he pe_ople
pe_ople_w
_whcZ
hcZme
met-on
t-on holiday.
5 I have a
an
n app on my phone tells me abou t all the 2 France is the country. It has more tourist
tou ristss than any
best tourist attractions. other country.

6 Mark is the person who I’m going to visit him in 3 The departures lounge is a place in an airport. You
London. wait for your plane
p lane there.

4 Drones are a new invention. They might replace

norma l taxis.
taxis.

5 Norway is the place.

place. I will be travelling
trav elling there next
next
summer.

6 We left early. The reason was bad weather.

7 Linda is the person. Her brother

brothe r is a pilot.
76 A HOLIDAY ON THE MOO N | UNIT 9

RITING 2 E3 Put a-e in the order they 3 □□ Complete the email with
An email to a host family appear in Bedour’s email (1-5). the U s e fu
fu l l a n g u a g e phrases.
a Best wishes
□ Read the email quickly. Tick (/)
b __ qu e sti o n s a bo u t th e tri
trip
p Dear
the information that Bedour wants to * '
c J J greeting C Do you know
find out.
!*■
I’m w riting to
where C ardiff iiss
2 wh at she will study on the course e th an k yo u ve ry m u ch fo r

3 where she can find a place to stay

4 when the course starts
rit
rite
e your own email tto
o a schoo l abroad.
5 when the course finishes
PLAN
6 how to travel to Cardiff
4 K3E3 Decide what you are going to study and
where. rite question s to ask your course
Home Inbox Sent New organiser about these things.

Your travel plans and when you arrive

From: bedour2004@mymail.com

Subject: Summer course

1 Dea r Mr Hamilto
Hamilton,
n,
Your accommodation
I hope y
you're well. 2
ou're check
some details of my visit to Cardiff this summer. I'm looking
forward to starting the course and I hope I'm going to
really improve my English! Your course content and timetable
s you may know
know,, this is going to be my fi
first
rst time in
the UK.
UK. Is
Is iitt possib
possible
le to ask som e que stio ns? I received
your welcome pack which gives information about
acco mmod ation. Unfortu
Unfortunatel
nately,
y, the
the plac es which were 5 Decide what information to include. Use the
listed all look a long way from the centre of Cardiff. information in Exercise 2 to help you.
3 if Icould find somewhere
closer? I'd prefer not to spend too much time travelling WRITE
each day.
I'd also like to ask about the exact dates of the course. I 6 □
be□ □
going
rite your email. Remember to include
to,
to, the present continuous, the future
know the cours
coursee will be starting on 25 June, but do IIhave
have continuous and phrases from the Useful
to arrive earlier? Could you also tell me when the course language box (see Student’s Book, pll3).
ends, exactly? I'm asking because it's important for me to
book my flights.
Finally, 4 accepting me on this 7 Do you ...
course. My family are all so happy for me! • use a gree ting at the beg inning and say
5 go o dbye at tth
h e e n d?
• say wh y you are writing ?
Bedour
• say tha nk you?
 UNIT 9 | A HO LIDAY ON THE M OON 77

g E V IE W

VOCABU ARY

Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-8) with the ends (a-h).
1 We arrived at our final a trips to local towns.
2 I didn’t stay in my own country for my last b abroad.
holiday; I went c accommodation is OK for me.
3 People like to visit the old market in my city - d holiday resort and my room looked out
it’s a popular over the beach.
4 I stayed in a big e destination on time.
5 We went on several day f go backpacking across the country.
6 I went online and made all the g tourist attraction.
7 If I had lots of time, I’d like to h bookings for my trip next week.
8 Hotels, hostels or villas: any

2 Underline and correct six travel phrasal verbs in ANGUAGE IN ACTION

the sentences.
1 You nneed
eed to check
chec k on at the
the airport
air port two hours 3 Complete the sentences
sentenc es with the correct form of
of the
the
verbs in the box. Use the tense in brackets.
before
before your
you r flight.
2 Please check in of
of the hotel directly after breakfast,
have live meet not learn study visit
no later. \________________________________________________________J
3 My plane gets in at five o’clock in the morning.
mornin g. I’ m 1 Next week, I lunch with my grandparents,
going to be so tired! (present continuous)
4 We’re going
going out oonn holiday
holida y next week.
week . Can you 2 This time next year, I hope I science at
look after our cat? university, (future continuous)
5 My dad is on a business trip right now, but he’ ll get
get 3 Some people think that w e on other
away tonight. planets in the future, (future continuous)
6 I looked o
on
n the city, but everythin
ever ythin g was closed.
close d. 4 We lots of intere
interesting
sting places on holiday,
holiday ,
I’m sure, (be going to)
7 After the plane took out, I had an amazing view 5 My host family me at the airport at six
from the window. o’clock, (present continuous)
8 What time are you
you setting off for the airport 6 Emma much Spanish; she’s only staying
tomorrow morning?
morning? in Madrid for two weeks, (be going to)
78 A HOLIDAY ON THE MOO N | UNIT 9

4 rite sentences using the correct relative pronoun from the options in brackets.
1 The person was sitting near me on the plane is a famou s actor! (who / whi
which)
ch)

2 I stayed at a ho liday resort is one of the best in the country, (why / which)

3 Th at’s the passenger father is the pilot, (who / who

whose)
se)

4 Cam bod ia is a coun try you can visit lots of interesting old cities,
cities, (where / that)
that)

5 The ma in reason Iw an t to visit Italy

Italy is all the great food, (which / wh
why)
y)

6 Jun e and J uly is a time th ere ’s a lot of rrain

ain in Japan , (when / wher
where)
e)

CUMULATIVE LANGUAGE

5 Complete the text with the missing words. Circle) the correct options.
4

X KSZEIZ
Usually, it only takes abo ut 12 hours to
fly from the UK to Thailand. T ha t’s not
1
, NEAflPA r
, but so far it ’s been 32 hou
hours
rs
2
I lef
leftt home! I had set off for E
NEW IME GA E REMARK
the airpo rt ear
early.
ly. Iwan ted to relax after
after
in.. fter 13
check ing in
thing Isaw on the screens was that my
in, the first
15 1800 Delay
flight 4 ! t first, it was on ly two
hours, then four, then eight! 15
that there were problems with the n 1930 0e1aV
a e r op l a ne . l t 6 in Lond on yet.

It was still in M oscow - abo ut five hours

away! The airline told me 17 stay
in a hotel near the airpo rt and they would 1 a long enough b enough long c too long
pay for it. t 3 am, 18 a pho ne 2 a since b for c from
call saying that my plane had arrived, and
3 a have checked b check c had checked
t h a t9 Iwe nt immed iately to the
airport, I wou ld m iss the flight!
flight! I got on 4 a was delayed b delayed c is delayed
the plane and many hours later it landed 5 a was told b was said c told
at a new destinatio n - Dhaka, the capital 6 a hasn ’t arrived
arrived b didn’t arrive c hadn’t arrived
of Bangladesh! My plane needed 7 a can b could c would
10
some other passenger
passengers.
s.
8 a get b got c was getting
n Dhaka n ow ! 11
I’m still iin here
ar! 112
for four hou rs so ffar! think 9 a if b when c unless
tha t travelling was fun
fun,, but now I’m not 10 a to pick up b picking up c pickup
so sure! 11 a Iwas b I’ve been c I’d been
12 a used to b use to c did use to
 UNIT 9 A HOL IDAY ON
ON THE MOON 79

EXAM TIPS: Reading skills

Reading: Multiple matching

Matching people with activities and things
You will read short descriptions of five people and match them with the best options. The options typically give
information about places, services, entertainment, restaurants, etc.

There are eight options

options for five
five people, so there will be three extra. These extra options usua
usually
lly fit only partially.

Exam guide: Multiple matching

• To ans
answer
wer this question,
quest ion, you should first read through the short description
descrip tion of each person
person.. Y
You
ou should then
decide what the most important information about each one is and underline it.

• Before reading through the options, think about what

wh at sort of thing you
you would recommend for ea each
ch person.
For example, if they
they like eating fish, you
you might recommend a restaurant
resta urant that
tha t specialise s in ffish
ish dishes.

• Then read through each

each option
option and underline the important information.

• Always double-check
double-che ck and read
read the
the information carefully.
care fully. Are there any traps? For examp
example,
le, a young man
might be looking for a summer job on an organic farm and one of the options offers this. But beware! The
young man also says he want s to improve his French and the job is in Spain, so it is not the perfect match.

• Be careful not to ‘word spot’

spo t’.. If the same word is in the descriptio
desc riptio n and in one of the optio
options,
ns, it might be a
trap and not a match.

REMEMBER!
Make
Make sure tthe
he text you choose matches all the requ
requirements
irements in the person’s
per son’s description.

Reading practice: Multiple matching

Synonyms
The descriptions and the
Read the text and match the words in bold with the words in the box. texts often have the same
information, but they are
written using different words.

I can really recommend the holiday Apartment in Pocos where we spent spe nt two weeks. The
T he owner
own er is a
2 4
TV celebrity who has a popular late-night kh at show and is very well-known in Brazil. We didn’t
meet her, but her Assistant was waiting for us when we arrived. We Apologised for being so late, but
he was very friendly and 7not at all difficult. We promised to write a good review when we left!
80 EXAM TIPS AND PRACTICE

Unknown words

2 Look at the word in bold in each sentence and choose the option you Sometimes you have to
think has the closest meaning. guess the meaning of a word
1 That actor played the lead in a film we went to see last week. you don’t know. Look at
the context by reading the
A director B hero C role
sentences which come before
2 Parents shouldn’t be too harsh with teenagers at exam time. and after the word.
A strict B proud C miserable
3 This restaurant offers a wide range of vegetarian and vegan options.
A variety B line C sort
4 He works with a team of exciting and innovative young designers.
A athletic B creative C gentle
A useful way to check if your
Look out for traps answer is correct is to think about
why the other options are incorrect.
Read the
the de scriptions of two
two people. Answer the questions.
Gabriela wants to study English at a language school in Cambridge, where she has
an aunt she can stay with. She loves football and wants to play in a team. Her language
level is not very advanced, but she is very keen to learn. She wants small classes
of mixed nationalities so that she has to speak English with her classmates.

Winston is 25. He is very good at football and has played professionally. Now he wants to
be a sports teacher, so he needs a teaching qualification in different sports. He is looking
for a college outside a city with good sporting facilities and cheap college accommodation.

1 Which description mentions accommodation: A, B or both?

2 Which description mentions student accommodation: A, B or both?
3 Which person likes sport, especially football? Gabriela, Winston or both?
4 Which person wants to teach sport? Gabriela, Winston or both?

4 Read the
the de scriptions of two
two colleges. Answer the questions.
Grey tone College was built in 200 in attrac
attractive
tive open countryside
countrysid e jus
justt outside Oxford
Oxford.. Places
Place s are available
avail able for
our language learning courses, which are taught in small numbers or intensively, one-to-one. Students stay with
local families, to give them the greatest opportunities to practise their language skills. There are good sporting
and social activities all year round.

Hinton College is located in one of the UK’s oldest and most beautiful university cities and has a high level of
success in English language learning. Our beginner classes are taught in groups of three
three or four by qualified
native speakers. Social activities are arranged as part of the course and team sports are encouraged. All our
courses are from one to six months in length.
1 Underline four important
important facts about each coll
college:
ege:
• where they are • how big the classes are
• what courses they offer
offer • what other activities they offe
offerr
2 What information
informat ion tells you Greystones
Greystone s College is not suitable
suitab le for Gabriela?
3 What information
informat ion tells you
you Hinton College is suitab
suitable
le for Gabriela?
 EXAM TIPS AND PRACTICE 81

EX A M TIPS: riting sk ill

illss

riting
riting an email in
in response to
to an ann otated m essage
You will see a short message from an English-speaking friend. You have to respond to the message in
around 100 words. This tests your ability to understand a message with notes and to write a clear response.

Exam guide: riting an ema il

• Read
Read the instructions carefully so that you
you understand who you are writing to and
and why you
you are writing.
• Your answer
answer should be around
around 100
100 words.
words. Don’t write
write much more or
or much less than
than that.
• Begin and end your email correctly.
correctly. Use
Use::
- your friend’s name
- an opening phrase
phrase
- one sentences for
for each point from the original
original email
- a phrase to close
- your name at the end.
end.
• Start your sentences in different
different ways to
to make your email interesting.
interesting.

• Don’t copy too much language from the quest

question:
ion: try to think of synonyms
synonyms where possible.

REMEMBER!
The message has handwritten notes which give you ideas about how to respond.
You must use all the notes in your answer: you will lose marks if you don’t!

riting
riti ng practice: riting
riti ng an em ail

Read the
the instructions
ins tructions and the statements that follow. Are the
the statements T (true) orF (false)?
You
You are planning to visit yo
your
ur friend Robin in Canada. R
Read
ead Robin
Robin’’s mes sage a nd the notes you have made on it.
it.
Then write on email to Robin.
True False
1 Your friend Robin is in
in Canada.
2 The message is from Robin.
3 Robin is planning to visit you.
4 The notes o
on
n the message are Robin’s
Rob in’s..
5 You answer using the no
notes.
tes.
6 Your answer should be iin
n email form.
82 EXAM TIPS AND PRACTICE

Read the sentences from two emails from the same boy. One is to his
teacher, the
the other to h
his
is friend. rite them in the correct order under Make sure you use the
the right heading, formal or informal. appropriate style: it should
Formal Informal not be formal if you ’re
writing to a friend.
friend.

I hope to be back at school on Monday. Cheers, Mike

I have a very bad cold and a high temperature. See you next week with any luck.
Dear Mr Jacobs, I’ve got an awful cold - I’m coughing and sweating.
Yours, Michael Fanshaw Hi Pru,
Please can you send me this week’s homework? Let me know if there’s
the re’s any homework, OK?
I apolog ise for my absence from
from class yesterday. Sorry I wasn’t there yesterday
yesterday..

3 Change the words in bold to make the sentences more interesting.

Use the words in the box or your own ideas.
Use a range of vocabulary:
make sure you don ’t use the
amazing boring brilliant colourful cool
same word too many times.
freezing great hate love pleasant prefer rainy
k___________
____________________
__________________________
___________________________
______________
____ J
1 Ther
There’s
e’s a good skate park
p ark with a good cafe near my home.

2 We had a nice camping holiday but the weather was not nice.

3 I like swimm
swimming,
ing, but if you
you don’t like it we
we can do someth ing you ’d like more.

4 The art galleries in my town are not very interesting, but the Museum of Tomorrow is very interesting.

5 We could go to the carnival: it’s very nice and the costumes are usually nice.

4 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1 Don’t forget switch off the lights when you leave.
leave. Check your writing for any
mistakes in spelling or grammar.

2 re you
you scared thun der and lightning?

3 The weather forecast says it ’s going snowing tonight.

4 I can ’t sing because I’ve got a very hurt throat.

 EXAM TIPS AND PRACTICE 83

EXAM TIPS: Listening skills

Listening: Multiple choice

You will listen to short unrelated extracts and choose from three options. This tests your ability to listen
for specific information and answer a question about what you hear.

Exam guide: Multiple choice

• Use the time before you listen to read the questions. Read
Read them carefully
car efully because they tell you what you
need to listen
list en for.

• ll the possible answers may be in the recording, but only one will answer the question.

• Focus on the genera

generall mea
meaning
ning of wha
whatt you he
hear.
ar. Yo
You
u may have to listen for the pe rso
rson’s
n’s opin ion, which
wh ich is not
necessarily a single word or phrase
phrase..

• If you ’re not sure,

sure, mark the answers you
you think are pos sible and check on the second listening.

• lways
lway s give an answer, even if yo u’ re still
stil l not sure. guess migh
mightt be right.

• Use the second listen

lis tening
ing to check, even if yo u’ re sure you are right.
right. Don’t
Don’ t stop listen
listening!
ing!

REMEMBER!
Yo
You
u will hear the instruction s on the recording. Listen
carefully and read the question at the same
same time because
this will help yo
you
u und
understand
erstand the top ic and the context.

Listening practice: Multiple choice

Underline two key words or phrases in each question.

1 What time does the girl ’s exam st
start?
art? Unde rline the key words in the
Underline
2 What is the man going
goin g to buy?
buy? question. Then listen for the words
3 Which evening activit
activityy is for beginners?
beginners? which mean the same as the key words.
words.
4 Why did Caroline
Car oline leave her job?
5 Where ar
are
e the teacher
teac her ’s keys?
6 What did Hari do this morning?

You
ft 2 hear a teenage girl speaking to her mother about
an exam. Read the question below.
If the recording is a dialogue,
What time does the g irl’s ex
exam
am start?
listen for the right person:
person: who
A It starts at 11.30. does the question
quest ion refer to?
B Four o’clock.
C It begins at nine.

Now listen to the conversation. hy are options

option s A and B not correct?
84 EXAM TIPS AND PRACTICE

3 You
You will hear ttwo
wo people talk ing about a play th ey’ve just seen. What words do you expect to hear in
connection with the three options? Choose from words in the box or use your own ideas.

too long too short boring interesting

intere sting bad
great impressive old-fashioned
\_______
_______________
______________________
_____________________
_______________
_____________
_____ 7

t h e le n g t h t he a c t in g the costumes

O 4 Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.

E.02
1 What did the woman think about
ab out the play?
play?
A She thought the play was too long.
B She thought it was very disappointing.
C She liked the actors.
2 What did the man think of the
the costumes?

A He thought they were old-fashioned.

B He likes fifties fashion.
C He thought the clothes were terrible.
3 When is the play sup
suppos
posed
ed to be set?
A the 1950s
B It’s not mentioned.
C nowadays
 EXAM TIPS AND PRACTICE 85

LANGUAGE REFERENCE STARTER

Adverbs of frequen
frequen cy Past simple: regular and irregular verbs
Adverbs of frequency A f f ir m a t iv e Negative
always usually often somet imes hardly ever never
never
1/ He / S h e / It c a l le d me. d i d n ’t c a l l me.
100% 0% W e /Y o u/ The
They
y

• We use
useadverbs
adverbs of frequency to say how often
something happens
happens.. Question
• We put them before the main verb, but after the verb Did 1/ he / s h e / it / we / you / th e y c a l l yo u ?
to be.
I often me ssag e m y fr
friends.
iends. Short answers
Th e re
re a r e a l w a y s m u s i c fe s ti
tivvals in summer. Yes, 1/ he / sh e / it / w e / yo u / t h e y did.
• Often, sometimes a nd usu ally ca
Often, can
n a lso come at tthe
he No, 1/ he / sh e / it / we / yo u / t h e y d i d n ’t.
beginning of the sentence.
• We use the past simple to talk about completed
S o m e ti m e s , m y fa m i l y a n d I l iiss te n to m u s i c .
events and a ctions in tthe
he past.
I w a t c h e d t h e b a n d p l o y l a s t n ig
ig h tt..
Expressions of frequen
frequen cy
Th r ee
ee y e a r s a go , s h e h a d a gr e a t pa r tty
y.
every day / week / weekend / year • To form the affi
affirmative
rmative of the past simple, we add
once / twic e / three time s a day / a wee k / a month / a year -e d or -d to the infiniti
infinitive.
ve.
help - helped organise - organised play - ployed
• We also use
useexpressions
expressions of frequency to say how • For verbs ending consonant + -y, remove the -y and
often something happens. add -ied.
• We usually place them after the verb phrase
phrase,, but they study - studied c r y - c r ie
ie d t r y - t r ie
ie d
can also come a tth e beginning or end of a sentence. • For verbs ending consonant +vowel +consonant,
I see m y fri
friend
end s tw ice a week. we double the final consonant and add -ed.
E v e r y w e e k e n d, th e y gi
giv
v e a c o n c e r tt.. drop - dropped chat - chatted
• We can use an expression of freque ncy and an adverb • Many com mon verbs are irregular in the past simple.
of frequ
frequ ency in the same sentence. get-got put-put
I u s u a l l y go o n h o l i da y o n c e a y e a r.
r. have - had moke - mode

Present
Pres ent simple and present continuou
continuou s • Question w ords always g
go
o at the beginning of the
question.
• We use the present simple to talk about facts, habits H o w di d th e fi rre
e s ta r t?
and routines. W h e re
re w a s y o u r br o th e r l a s t n i gh t?
M y s is
is te r l iik
k e s r o c k m u s ic
ic . I u s e m y ph o n e e v e r y day
day .

• We use
useadverbs
adverbs of frequency (always, often, etc.)
with the present simple and at the mom ent and no w
with the present continuous.
M y d a d o f tte
e n p l a y s c o m p u t e r g a m e s w i tth
h me.
M y te a c h e r is
is w a l k i n g i n to th e c lla
assroom now.

• We also use the present simple to talk abou t futur

future
e
planned events if a future time expression is used or

understood.
M y m u m s ta r ts w o r k a t 0 a m o n F rrii da
day
y.
H a n n a h c a n ’ t c o m e s h o p pi n g w i th m e th iiss a fte
fte r n o o n .
86 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

LANGUAGE PRACTICE STARTER

Present simple and present continuou
Present continuou s Present simple for future
with adverbs of frequency
3 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences
Put the words in brackets in the correct place in about the future.
the sentence. 1 eightI English / at / start
startss / lesson / past / OurI half
1 Do you play in a band on Saturday
Saturd ay night? Our Engl
English
ish llesson
esson st a rt s a t half pa st ei
eight
ght..
(always) 2 begi
begin
n / ti
time
me / the / does / tomorrow
tomorr ow / What
What / con cer t/ ?
Do you always play in a band o
on
n Sa tu
turda
rda y nigh
night?
t?
2 We see our friends at the
the jazz club in town.
3 arrive
arrivess / at / train / My / 6.40
6.40 / gran dpare
dp arents
nts’’
(sometimes)

4 six / This / phone / shuts / tonight / mob

mobile
ile / at / shop
3 My mum gets angry with me when I’m late,
(never)
5 the trip
tr ip / We / for / mornin g / leave / our / in / early

4 Itext my teacher when I can’t do my

homework, (hardly ever)
ever) 6 back I teacherI wee
weekk / We / our / nextI essaysI theI
get/from

5 My brother’s
brothe r’s football
foot ball team wins the cup. (often)
(often)

Past simple
6 re those music apps free or not? (usually)

4 Use the prompts to make questions and answers in

the past simple.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form
1 When / you see that film? / last week
of the verbs in the box.
When
When did yo
you
u se e th a t film? I/
I/W
We saw it la st week.
eek.
do go have post spend study 2 What time / the girls go to bed?I after 11

1 Does
Does your sister usually pos t photos
on social media? 3 Where / your parents meet? I at college

2 I’m on holida y at the mom

moment
ent and I a
great time! 4 What / he buy yesterday? I a new bike
3 How much m one y you usually
each week?
5 H ow /th e visitors get here?
here? / by boat
4 What your parents when
you get good grades at school?
6 Wh en/th e last bus
bus leav e?/a t ten
ten
5 We by bus today because
b ecause it ’s too cold
to walk.
6 She for exams this weekend, so sh
she
e
hasn’t got m
much
uch free ti
time.
me.
 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 87

LAN GU AGE R E FE R EN C E U N IT 1
P a st
st c o n t i n u o u s Used to emp hasises that past states, habits and
actions are now fi
finished.
nished.
A ffi r m at i v e Negative It used to be a library, b ut now it's a museum .
1/He/She/It was crying. wa sn’t cryi
crying.
ng. l/l/e u s e d to w a l k to s c h o o ll,, bu t n o w w e c y ccll e.
e.
We/Yo u / The
They
y were crying. were n’t cryi
crying.
ng. \Ne do not use used to to talk abou t things that
Questions only happened once
once,, how many times something

W as 1/ he / s he / it crying? happened o r durati

duration.
on.
Th e y w e n t to th e c i n e m a y e s tte
e r da y .
W er e w e / y o u / th ey
T ey-u s e d to go to t e-Gme ma y e s terdayz
Short answers
M y br o th e r l i v e d th e r e fo r fo u r y e a r s .
Yes, 1/ he / sh e / it was. M y br o th e r u s e d to l iiv
v e th e r e fo r fo u r y e a r s .
we you they w e re .
Used to does not have a present fform.
orm. For present
No, 1 he / she / it wasn’t. habits and states, we use the presen t simple.
w e / you / th e y w e r e n ’t. My cousin drink s coffee iin
n the morning .

• We use the past continuous to talk about actions in

progress around a time in the past.
At seven o'clock, I was w aiting for the bus.
bus.
Ch l o e w a s w e a r i n g j e a n s y e ste
ste r da y .

• We also usewhe
when,
n, while and as to mean ‘during that
time ’ or to conn ect two events happening at the
same time.
W h e n m y pa r e n ts w e r e s tu dy i n g, th e y di dn ' t h a v e th e
internet.
While he was eating, the pho ne rang.
As H e a th e r w a s w a l k iin
n g, s h e w a s s i n gi n g a s o n g.

used to

A f f i rm a t i v e Negative
1/He/She/It used to play did n’t use to
We/Yo u / The
They
y football. play football.

Questions and short answers

Did 1 you / he / she / it / we /
you / they use to be scared?
Yes, 1/ he / s he did.
i t / we /you /
No, d i d n ’t.
they
88 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT1
Past simple and past continuous with 4 Complete the conversation with the correct past
w h e n , w h i le
le anda s form of the verbs in brackets.
Le n a ! 1
KARIM H , Le Did y ou fi
finn is
ishh (yo u / f n s h)
Complete the sentences with the past continuous your history
hist ory essay yesterday?
form of the verbs in the box.
LINA No, 12 (work)
(work) on it after
afte r scho ol
cook look snow not study wear when my mum 3 (stop) me.
KARIM W hy 4 (she/ do) that?
1 It was snowin
snowing__
g__ all day yesterday,
yesterda y, so we
LINA Because she 5 (want) me to
did n’t play football.
help her with dinner. Then my brothe r and
2 We for you after class. 16 (watch)
(watch) a wildlife
wildl ife film
fi lm on TV.
TV.
Where were you?
KARIM Oh yeah, I 7 (see) that! So then I
3 Y a n i s - he was reading guess you 8 (be)
(be) too tired
tired!!
a magazine!
LINA Correct!
4 Nina her new shoes for the
first time.
u s e d to
5 What you
in the kitchen earlier? It did n’t sm
smell
ell very nice! 5 Make sentences with the correct form of used to and
and

2 rite sentences with when, while oras and the the verbs in the box.
correct form of the verbs. Some sentences can have noteat have live play
more than one answer.
1 Our neighbours use
used
d to have a horse.
horse .
1 Her fath er/ wait /sh e arrive
arrive home
Her fathe r was waiting when sheLamved home.
waiting 2 We in a smaller apartment.
3 Children outside until it got dark.
2 The
The do orb ell/ring /I make
make tea
tea
4 Ollie vegetables, but he does now.
3 The boys / cycle home / their teac her drive past
6 Make questions to match the answers.
1 Did y
you
ou use to go to school
school by bus_______
bus______________
_______ ?
4 Our friends / arrive / we prepare lunch
No,
No, not by bus. Iwent
I went to scho ol by bike.
bike.

5 I/ listen to music / Ido my homework 2 ?

No, my sister’s never eaten meat.
3 ?
3 Circle the correct option.
No, my sister played with me, but not my brother.
1 What did they d o /(yjere th
/(y they
ey doin
doing)
g)when
4 ?
( we caiiertywere calling them?
Olives? No, and Istill hate them!
2 She watched I was watching a film when her
computer broke / was breaking. 7 Circle the correct options.
3 I did n’t see I wa sn’t seeing yo
you
u while Ishop p ed / British schoo lteach ers in the 1950s
1950s Y(pse
(pse d to w rite)/ used
was shopping in town.
writing on chalkbo ards because, of course, they
4 The police stopped / were stopping her when she
stopping 2
did n’t have / weren ’t having today’s technology. They
drove / was driving to work. 3
used to talk / did talk a lot the ch ildr en4 were
lot while the
5 We w al ked / we
were
re wal king to school when the rain
king sitting / did n’t sit qu
quietly. School books nev er5 did n’t use
ietly. use
started I was starti
starting.
ng. look / look ed very interesting
to look intere sting and there weren’t
were n’t any
6
6 They shouted I were shouting for ages,
shouting ages, but nob
nobody
ody videos to watch.
watch. Many tea che rs used to be / were being
 heard I was hearing them. stricter
strict er than they are now
now,, too.

LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 89

LAN GU AG E R E FE R E N C E UNIT 2
Present p erfect: regular verbs

Affirm ative / Negative Questio ns

have walked /
1/ W e/Y ou / They H a ve 11 we /you / the
they
y
haven’t walked
to school. walked to school?
has walked /
He / She / It Ha s he / she / it
hasn’t walked
Short answers
1/ w e / y o u / th e
ey
y have. 1/ w e/ yo u / they haven’t.
Yes, No,
he / s h e / i t h a s. he / sh e / it h a s n ’ t.

• We use the present perfect to talk about actions, Present perfect with j u s t
experience s and facts in the past
past,, when the exact time • We usej u st with the present pe rfect to talk abo ut
is not mentioned or important. very recent events and actions.
Th e o r c h e s tr a h a v e p l a y e d m y fa v o u r i tte
e s o n g. I ’’v
v e j u s t h e a r d th e go o d n e w s . I t’s
t’s fa n ta s ti c !
H e h a s v i s ite
ite d th e a r t e x h i bi ti
ti o n . D a d ’s j u s t go t h o m e a n d h e ’s
’s fe e l in
in g tir
tir e d
d..
• We form the affirmative withsubject
withsubject +have/has +
Present perfect with a l r e a d y , s t i l l andy e t
past participle.
I’ve
I’ve talke d to Danielle. Sh e’s ask ed me for help. • We often usealready, still andy e t with the prese nt
perfect.
• We form the negative with subject +haven’t/hasn’t +
Ja c k h a s a l r e a dy be e n to th e e x h i bi ti
tio
o n tw ic
ic e .
past participle.
l/l/e s ti l l h a v e n ’ t c h o s e n a fi lm
lm to w a tc h
h..
M a x h a s n ’ t a u d i t i o n e d f o r th
th e p o r tt..
I h a v e n ’ t h o d ti m e to go s h o pp i n g y e
et.
t.
Th e y h a v e n ’ t pe r fo r m e d i n fr o n t o f o n a u di e n c e .
• We use alre ady to explain that something happened
• We form question s iin
n the present perfect with have/
before we expected or tto
o emp hasise it has happened.
ha s +subject +past participle.We often use ever in
We normally put alre ady between have and the past
present p erfect questio ns to ask about your who le lif
life.
e.
participle.
H a s s h e e v e r h a d dr u m l e s s o n s ?
S h e h a s a l r e a dy bo u gh t a ti
ti c ke
ke t. I h a v e a l r e a dy s e e n
H a v e y o u e v e r be e n to th
thee th e a tr e ?
the show.
• We often usenever to
to say ‘not at any time ’ when
• We use still in negative sentences to express that
answering these questions.
A: Has he ever m et a ffam
am ous person? B: No, never.
never.
something we expected has not happened but we
imagine it will ha ppen in the ffuture.
uture. We put still
• Regular past participle s end iin
n -ed, -d or-ied.
directly after the subject.
wont - wanted b e l ie
ie v e - b e l i e v e d worry - worried
M y u n c l e s ti l l h a s n ’ t s e
eee n th e n e w pl a y .

Present p erfect: irregular verbs • We usey e t in

in negative sentences to empha sise that
• Many comm on verbs have irregular past participles. som ething we expected has not happened. We put yet
go-go ne pu t-put be-been m o ke
ke - m o de
de after the com plete verb phrase.
see - seen hear - heard J o h n h a s n ’ t a r r iiv
v e d y e tt..
I h a v e n ’ t a s k e d m y pa r e n ts fo r pe r m i s s i o n y
ye
e t.
• We usego (gone) to say som ebo dy has not returned
from a place or from doing an activity. We use be • We use
useyet
yet in questions to ask if som ething has
(been) to say som ebo dy has returned from a place or happen ed before now. It comes at the
the end of the
from do ing an activity.
activity. question.
The y’ve
y’ve gone to Rome. (They are in Paris now.) H a v e y o u b o u g h t th e bu s ti c k e ts y e t?

The y’ve been to Rome. (They have returned.) • In sh ort answ ers in the negative, we sayNot yet.
A: H a v e y o u s po k e n to th e dr a m a te a c h e r ? B : No t y e t.
90 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 2
Present perfect with regular and irregular Present perfect with j u s t , a l r e a d y , s t i l l ,
verbs and y e t

Complete the sentences with the present perfect 4 Put the words in the correct order.
form of the verbs in brackets. 1 written
writ ten / I’ve / some I lyrics / just / cool
1 TV celeb
ce leb rity
rit y has opened (open) a new Ivejus
Ivejus t written
written some cool lyric s.
supermarket in ourtown. 2 H a m l e t/ seen / a / just / of / She
She’s
’s / per
perform
formance
ance
2 This Chinese c i r c u s ( n o t
perform) in Europe before.
3 songI \Ne / just / our / first / recordedI have
3 I ( l o o k ) everyw h ere, b u t I c a n ’ t
find my phone.
4 theI started / just / They’ve / rehearsal
4 t he DJ ( p l a y )
your favourite song?
song?
5 auditi
auditioned
oned / a /fo r/ sh o w / a /ju st / Mi
Mina
na / has/
5 O ur t e a c h e r ( w o r k ) as
as a
part / in
film-maker.
6 t h e y ( i n v i t e )
you to their exhibition? 5 Circle the correct sentences.

2 Complete the sentences with

been
been or
gone. 1 <She sti
stillll hasn’
ha sn’tt played in
in a professional orchestra*
B She yet hasn’t played in a professional orchestra.
1 We’ve been
been on holiday.
holiday . We came home yesterday.
2 The concert tickets haven ’t arrived yet.
2 Fel
Felix
ix ha s to Brazil
Bra zil three times. B The concert tickets haven’t arrived still.
3 The children have out, but they 3 Have you read this review? No
No,, alre
already
ady not.
wo n’t be late. B Have you read this review? No, not yet.
4 I’ve shopping. Please help me 4 Jan ek has already seen that film twice.
with my bags. B Jan ek has still seen that film twice.
5 Where’s Jared? Has h e to bed?
g Put the words in brackets in the correct position in
6 My mu m’s not here. She ’s to work.
the sentences.
3 rite questions with the present perfect and the 1 Esma has heard from the film director,
direct or, (just)
(just)
phrases in the box. Then write true answers. Esmahas
Esma has ju st heardfrom
heardfrom the filmdirector.
filmdirector.

be to a science museum take music lessons 2 Has she had her aud ition ? (yet
(yet))
make a sculp ture
tur e see a ball
ballet
et win a prize
\____________
\_____________ _ ___________
_____________________
___________________
_________ J
3 Yes,
Yes, she’s
she ’s had an aud
auditio
ition
n and an inte
intervie
rview
w (already).
1 Have you evedzeenJx>a science_muae_um^
science_muae_um^
Yes, Ihave. / No, Ihaven’t. 4 Has she heard what
wha t part she’s
she ’s got? (ye
(yet)
t)
2
3 5 No
No,, the directo
dire ctorr hasn’t
hasn’ t told her.
her. ((still)
still)
4
5

6
 LANG UAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 91

ANGUAGE REFERENCE UNIT 3

c an, c o u l d , w i l l b e a b l e t o Pre ent perfec t and pa t imple
• We often usecan to talk about ability to do something • We use thepast simple when the moment in which
in the
the present.
p resent. something happened has ended. Whe When n it happened
She can spe ak English and Polish. isn’t always mentioned, usually because it is clear.
• We often useco ld to talk about ab ility to do I went to Liverpool in June, (it’s now July)
something in the past. They began the exam two minutes ago. (it’s now 10.02,
l/l/e could visit the pyramids when we went to Egypt. not 10.00)
10.00)
She w anted to ask you a question, (when
(when I spoke to her)
her)
• We often usewi ll be able to to talk about a bility to do
something in the future. • We use thepresent perfect when something started
I will be able to translate this document tomorrow. or happened in the past and continues to be true until
now. We can say how long something has been true,
but not when it starte d.
P re
r e s en
e n t p e r f e c t w i th
th f o r / i n c e a n d
Ho w lon g ... ? I ’ve been to Liverpool, (when
(when isn’t specified, but it
continues to be true)
Fo
Forr and since
They’ve begun the exam, (and the exam hasn’t finished)
• We usefo r andsince with thepresen
presentt pe rfect to say Sh e’s wonted to ask you a question fo ra few days, (she
how long something has been true. continues to want to)
She ha sn’t lived in Manchester for three years.

I ’ve lived here since I was seven.

• We usefo r with periods of time.
Liam ’s had a new bike fo forr three days.
My paren ts have been married for 21 21 years.
• We usesince with a reference to a specific time.
We’ve been best friends since 2009.
Emma and nno haven’t
hav en’t seen each other since June.
How
How lo n g . . . ?
• We useHo w lo n g . . . ? +present perfect to ask about
How
the duration of a state or activity.
: How long have you known Greg?
B: I ’ve known him since 2012.2012.
92 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 3
can, c o u l d , w i ll
ll b e a b l e t o Present perfect with for/since andHo w lo n g ... ?

Are the sentences about the P (past),

Pr (present) or
F 4 Complete the sentences with for or
or
since.
(future)? 1 I have known my friend Victoria for four years.
1 We wo n’t be able to wave goodbye when they leave. 2 She hasn’t see
seen
n he
herr gran dpar ents a long
F time.
2 Ican translate th
the
e instructions for you.
you. 3 We’ve lived
lived in this
thisapartment
apartment_______
_______ 2010.
3 He will be able to come to the meeting. 4 Have you been athome
athome lunchtime?
4 My parents could n’t understand their Turki
Turkish
sh
guests. 5 Make questions
quest ions with
withHow long and the correct form
of the verb.
5 She could
couldn’t
n’t hear her phone, so she didn ’t answer.
answer.
1 you / be at this school?
6 We can’t wait or we’ ll miss our bus
bus.. How lon
long
g have
have yo
you
u boon
boon at
a t tthi
hiss sschool?
chool?
2 she / know her best friend?
2 Complete the text with the correct form of can,
could or
will be able to.
will
3 they / live near you?
Beatriz comes from Sao Paulo, so sh e *1___ can_
speak Brazilian
B razilian Portuguese very well. S She
he speaks 4 Lucas / have
have that phone?
English fairly well, but she 2 always
understand if people ta lk too fast. When
When she was
younger, she 3 speak Spanish, but she
she
studied it at school and
and now she 4 . Next
Present perfect and past simple
year, she’s going to stay with an aunt
au nt in Luzern.
5
6 Circle the correct options.
She learn Swiss German there, but she
6 1 My mother(bos worked ) worked at this museum
understand people
pe ople in
in the French
French and
since 2004.
Italian speaking regions of the country.
2 He has to ld / told me the same joke yesterday.
3 Circle the correct options. 3 They hav en’t begun I d idn ’t begin the exam yet.
1 We hear the speaker because he’s talking 4 Has she eve r told I Did she ever tell lies before?
quietly.
could B couldn’t C (can’t) 7 Complete the conversation with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets.
2 Hamza is so good at languages. He speak
a lot of
o f them! LUIS Sorry I’m late, Vlad. How lo n g 1 have you been
late, Vlad.
will be able to B could C can (be) here?
3 My parents choose to learn Greek or Latin VLAD No problem, 12 (just get) here.
when they were at school. LUIS 3 the teacher
could B can C can’t (arrive) yet?
4 Ihope I help you later. I’ll be free this evening. No,, not yet. Sh e 4____________
VLAD No ____________(tell)
(tell) us
can’t B will be able to C could yesterday
yesterda y that she might be late.
late.
5 We see the video if w
we
e miss the next class. LUIS Oh, did she? 15 (not hear) that
that..

couldn’t B won’t be able to C canto Your English is very good!

6 visit the Briti
British
sh Museum when you ’ re in VLAD Thanks! 16____________
____________(stu
(study)
dy) it since
sinc e 5th
London next week?
week? grade.
 ble you to B Can you able to C Will you be
able to

LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 93

LAN GU AGE R E FE R EN C E U N IT 4
Quantifiers \Ne useshould to say what we th ink is a good
idea or impo rtan t to
to do - to give advice and
C o u n ta b l e U n c o u n t a b le recommendations.
a few a little Yo
ou
u s h o u l d s ta y i n b e d i f y o u h a v e a fe ve
ve rr..
e nou gh eno u gh L a u r o s h o u l d n ’ t u s e h e r p h o n e b e f o re
re b e d .

to o m any t o o m uc h Should is
is the same in all forms. We us
use
e an infin itive
without to aftershould.
• We use
usequantifiers
quantifiers to talk about the amount of Jo h n s h o u l d ge t m o r e s l e
eee p. (Jo h n s h o u l d to go t
something. mo re sleep.
sleep.))
• We use a few and a little to express small quantities. \Ne useought to when talking ab out things whic
which
h are
are
I ’v
’v e go t a fe w m e s s a ge s th a t I n e e d to r e pl y to.
to.
desired o r ideal
ideal..
I hove a little time to w atch TV, bu t not much.
W e o u g h t to e a t l o ts o f fr u i t a n d v e ge ta b l e s e v e r y da y
y..
• We use too many/too much to say
say that a
an
n am oun t
is excessive.
Th e re
re w e r e to o m a n y o pti o n s . I di d n ’ t k n o w w h a t to
choose!
Th e re
re w a s to o m u c h n o i s e a n d I c o u l dn ’ t s le
le e p.

• We use enough to say that a quantity is sufficient and

not enough to say that a quan tity is insuffi insufficient.
cient.
W e ’ ve
ve go t e n o u gh pl a y e r s to m a k e tw o te a m s .
I di d n ’ t h a v e e n o u gh ti m e to a n s w e r a l l th e qu e s ti
tio
ons.

h o u l d / h o u l d n ’t
’ t /o
/o u g h t t o

A f f ir m a t iv e Negative

1/ He / She / It
s h o u l d he l p . s h o u l d n ’ t h el p.
We/Yo u / The
They
y

Questions
1/ h e / s h e / i t /
Should help?
we / you / they
Short answers
Yes, 11 h e / s h e / i t / should.
No, we / you / they shouldn’t.
94 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 4
Quantifiers s h o u l d / s h o u l d n ’t
’t / o u g h t t o

Match the beginnings of the sentences with the ends. 5 Complete the sentences with should, shouldn’t
1 Please be quiet, there’s a too much time, do they? or ought.
2 Too many students b too many late nights. 1 You
You shouldn
shouldn’’t worry about the test -
it’
it ’ ll be easy
easy!!
3 Yoga
Yoga exercises
exerci ses c too many hours sitting
don’t
don ’t take
take at a desk! 2 Melody to go to bed early
and get more sleep.
4 You’ll be tired if d too much noise in here.
you have 3 Paula stay a att home if she’s
e are worried about
feeling ill?
5 Do you
you think
thin k there’s
there ’s their exams.
exams.
4 I to have more fish, but I
6 Muscles get weak if f too much stress in
don’t really like it.
you spend your life?
life?
5 We buy too many sweet
2 Complete the sentences with a little o
or
ar few. things - they’re bad for our teeth.
1 I do a few yoga exercises every morning
morn ing at 7 am
am..
6 Correct
Correct the mistake in each sentence.
2 Jorge can give yo u help in the gym if you need it.
1 We sho shouldn
uldn’t
’t take
take our coats today because
3 There
There are
ar e adjustable desks in our classroom.
it’s
it ’s really cold.
4 You
You should take exercise during long study
We sh
should
ould take our coat s tod ay because it ’s
sessions.
really cold.
5 Karla needs
need s more time to finish her homework.
2 Bella oug
ought
ht be more e
easygoing:
asygoing: she worries
worr ies
6 Stop working fo r minutes and take a walk.
too much.
3 Put the words in the correct order.
1 the / time / didn’t
did n’t / We
We / to / testI haveI enough / finish 3 You should to stay in bed if you have a fever.
We d d n’t have enou
enoug
g h t i me
me to fl n sh tthe
he te st .
2 bike / enough / buyI Gis
Gisela
ela’s
’s / to / a / money / new / got 4 Who should Ito ask when Ineed advice?

3 team / m
make
ake / ThereI stu
student
dentss / a / are / enough / to 5 We shouldn’t all drink enough water.

4 driv
drivee / old / you / car / re / a / enough / to / ?
7 Complet
Completee the text wit
ith
h the phrases in the box.
box.

5 me / adjustable
adjust able / enough / This / high
high / isn’t
isn’ t / desk / for
ought to ask ought to do should find
should listen should read
read should speak
shouldn’t star
startt shouldn’t worry
4 Circle the correct option. <___________
<______ __________
_________
_________
__________
_________
____ >
1(A few/A little new students joined our swimming class.
little
Top tips for improving your English
2 I’ve got time
time enough/ eno
enough
ugh time to help you.
time
You 1_ should read__English language magazines
3 These desks costtoo
too m uch /too many money. or websites. You 2 this as often as
4 There werea little/a few problems we couldn’t
coul dn’t solve
solve.. 3
few possible. If you like reading, you
4
5 Has everyone gottoo stress in their lives?
too mu ch/to o m any stress English books or stories, but you
your teacher for recommendations. You
6 Emilio takesa little/a few exercise but not much.
few
5
with something that’s
tha t’s too difficult.
6
 You to as much English as possible
too: podcasts, radio and TV are all good.

LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 95

ANGUAGE REFERENCE UNIT 5

First conditional Second conditional

if- cllause
c Main clause if- cllause
c Main clause
(if+ present simple) (will/won’t
(will/won’t,, ma y/m ight (if+ present simple) (would/could/might +
(not), could) infinitive)
If 1p as
ass al
all m
my
y exam ss,, my pa
pa ren ts
ts will / may / If 1knew him, 1would / could / m ig ht a sk

might buy me a present. him.

If 1don’t pas
passs all my exams, 1won’t / may not / might If 1didn’t know him, 1wouldn’t / couldn’t /
Unless 1pass all my exams, not go on holiday. might not ask him.
Main clause if- clause Main clause if- clause

(will/won’t
(will/won’t,, ma y/m ight (if+ present simple) (would/could/might + (if+ past simple)
(not), could) infinitive)
My parents will / may / if 1pass my exams. 1would / could / might ask if 1knew him.
might buy me a present him
My parents won’t buy me if 1don’t pass all my exams, 1wouldn’t / couldn’t / if 1didn’t know him.
a present unless 1pass all my exams. might not ask him
Question Question

Will my parents buy me a if 1don’t pass all my Would you ask him if you knew him?
present exams?
• We use the second conditional to talk about
• We use first conditional sentences to talk about imaginary situations in the present and their possible
possible situations in the present or future and say consequences.
what we think the result will be. • We use i f +past simple(affirmative or negative) to
• We often use i f +present simpleto describe the describe the imaginary situation and would, could or
possible action or event. m igh t for the
the consequen ce.
We’ll
We’ll pa ss the exam if we work hard. If h
he
e d idn ’t like you, he w ouldn ’t talk to you.

• We can use unless +present simpleinstead of if not. • We use would (not) when we are sure of the
Unless we hurry up, we’ll miss the train. consequence.
He w ould do better in school if he
he did n’t spe nd a ll his
• We use will/won’t+ infinitivewhen we are sure of
time
time playing computer games.
the result and m a y orm igh t +infinitivewhen we
are less sure. • We use could (not) to express a possibility or ability as
If we don’t leave now, we won’t catch the 8:30 bus. a consequence.
If my gra nd fath er do esn’t feel bett
better,
er, he m ay not visit If it was Saturd ay, we could go o ut for pizza.
this weekend. I could do some volunteer work if I didn ’t need to study
I m ight go the beach if it ’s worm enough. so much.

• When we use i f to start the sentence, we use a comma • We use m igh t (not)) to show we are less sure about the
(not
between the two parts. consequence.
If I’ve
I’ve got eno ugh money, I ’ll go on ho lida
liday.
y. If I had m ore free time,
time, I m ight take up the guitar.
guitar.
Madison
Madison m ight lend you her laptop if you asked he
her.
r.
• We normally use will to make first conditional
questions. It is unusual to use m a y ormight. • We can use wa s or were in theif- part of the sentence
Will
Will you cha t with me online this evening if you have time?
time? with I, he/she and it.

If it wa sn ’t/weren ’t so spicy, I could finish it.

I wo uldn’
uldn’tt say an ything if I were/was you.
96 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 5
First conditional 4 Complete the second conditional sentences with the
correct form of the words in brackets.
J Circle the correct option. 1 If1 had (have
(have)) the answer
answ er to the problems
proble ms of
1 If l(?7ovg)/will have enough time, I’ll help you pick
p ick climate change, I would tell (tell) you.
up litter. 2 S h e ( n o t ask) you to come if she
2 Unless Jenn y calls, we d on’ t kno w/ won’ t know (not like) you.
where she is. W e ( n o t endanger) an an im a ls so much iiff we
Many more fish will die if they e a t / w i llll e a t o u r (not destroy)
destroy) their habitats.
plastic waste. 4 If w e ( l i v e ) near the sea, I th in k o u r home
4 If/ Unl ess we use solar power, we will reduce air (be) in danger.
pollution. 5 I ( n o t eat) meat if I ( b e ) you.
5 We might go swim
swimming
ming lat
later
er if the su
sun
nc o m e s / w i l l
come out. 5 Correct the mistake in each sentence.
1 What would you do ifif you had won a million euros?
2 Put the phrases in the correct order.
Wh at would you do if you won a mil
million
lion euros?
1 I might / 1have enough money, / IIff / buy a new phone
2 If you di
didn
dn ’t work so hard
hard you would get so stressed.
If I have enough money, Imig
I mig ht buy a new phone.
phone.

2 come to schoo l la
later
ter / you
you feel better / if / Will you / ? Would those anima ls safer if they lived in a zoo?

if / Henry w ill / he leaves last / switch off the lights

4 I di dn ’t eat fish unless I lived near the sea.
sea.

4 climate change, / our planet I Unless / we stop /

will get hotter
g rite second conditional sentences about the
problems.
5 we’ ll miss / w
we
e do n’t leave soon, / the beginning
beg inning of
1 I haven ’t got enough money to buy a new phone
the film / If
have more money / buy a new phone
If Ihad mono money, Iwould buy a now phono.
6 we collect all the plastic I The ocean / if / might get
cleaner 2 This coffee isn’t sweet enough.
this coffee / be bette
b etterr / if / you add / a little sugar to it

Second conditional
We’re not healthy because the air is polluted,
3 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. we all / be
be healthier / if/t h e air / not polluted
1 Our planet would be in danger if all the ins
insects
ects
wou ld disap pea r /(
/(di
disappe
sappe ared)
ared)..
4 There are enough insects to feed everybody,
2 Whatw o u l d y o u d o / d i d y o u d o if someone gave
you a plastic straw? if / we all / eat insects / nobod y / be hungry

Where woul d you t rave l / wo ul d you t ravel

ravelll ed if you
had enough money?
4 There would be more oxyg oxygen
en if they woul d n’ t
d est roy/ d i d n’ t d estroy rainforests.
estroy
 5 We could reduce the effects effects of clima
climate
te change if w
we
e
w o u l d u s e / u s e d solar pow
power.
er.

LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 97

ANGUAGE REFERENCE UNIT 6

Present simple passive

A f f ir m a t i v e Negative

This bottle is isn’t

made of plastic. made of plastic.
These toys are aren’t
Questions Short answers

Is this bottle it is. it isn’t.

made
made of plas
plasti
tic?
c? Ye
Yes,
s, they No, they
Are these toys
are. aren’t.

• We use the passive form to describe actions and processes when we are not interested in, or don’t know, who is
responsible for the action or process.
English is spoken in man y countr
countries.
ies.
Many plastic bottles are n’t recycl
recycled.
ed.
• To form the present simple passive, we use is/are (not)
passive, +past participle.
The streets are clea ned on Sund ays after th
the
e ma rket finish
finishes.
es.

• We form questions with Is/Are +subject +past participle.

Is the
the main squ are dec orated during the festival?
When
When are the results sen t to students?

Past simple passive

A f f i r m a t iv e Negative

The rubbish was wasn’t

thrown away. thrown away.
The old chairs were were n’t
Questions S hort answers

Was the rubbish it was. it wasn’t.

thro
throw
wn away? Yes, they No, they
Were the old chairs
were. weren’t.

• We use the past simple passive to describe actions and processes in the past.
The competition
competition winners were given books a nd a certif
certificate.
icate.
• To form the past simple passive, we use was/were (not) +past participle.
The first CD was mode in 1982.
Some of us we ren’t invited to the party.
• To form questions, we use was/were +subject +past participle.
Were the instructions written in Spanish or Portuguese?

Passive + b y
• We use by with the passive to show who or what was responsible for the action.
The ‘Merchant of Venice’ was written by Shakespeare.
 A lot of houses were destroye d by the fir
fire.
e.

98 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 6
Present simple passive Past simple passive

Complete the conversation with the present simple 4 Complete the sentences with the past simple
passive form of the verbs in brackets. passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1
ANA How much waste is recylcled (recycle) 1 The frisbee was inve
invented__
nted__ (inv
(invent)
ent) by
in your home? merican college students.
BEN Well, glass and m et al 2
Well, 2 Th e S h a r d ( b u i l d ) n e a r th e ri v e r in L o n d o n .
(collect)
(collect) every week. I’m not sure wha t 3 My f a vo
vo u
urr i te p i c t u r e ( p a i n t ) by F rida K a h lo
lo .
3
________________ (do)
(do) with othe r mat erials we
4 T h e f a c to ry
ry w o r k e r s ( n o t p a
ay
y) v e r y m uc h.
recycle. Some w ast e 4
recycle. (burn).
5 E n g l i s h ( s p e a k ) in m an
an y h ol
ol i d ay
ay res orts.
ANA Ye
Yes,
s, but burning
burn ing waste is n’t great
great.. The air
5
___________(pollute)
___________(pollute) because dangerous 5 rite questions using the past simple passive.
gases like methane 6________________ (create).
1 what clothes I wear / by teena gers in the 195
1950s
0s
BEN True,, but you can do sim ple things to help. I
True
What clothe s we
were
re wo
worn
rn b
by
y teen agers in the 19 50 s?
fruit th at 7___________ (pack) in
neverr buy fruit
neve
2 who / that amazing building / design
design by
plastic and very little en erg y 8
(waste
(waste)) in our apa rtmen t.
3 wh ere/the meri
merican
can soldiers
soldiers/send
/send
2 Complete the text with the present simple passive
form of the verbs in the box.
/--------------------------------
/-------------------------------------------------
----------------------
----- \ 4 wha t / those old w oode n boxes / use
use for
eat fly not grow pack process
produce sell send
x_______________________
x______________________________________
____________________
_____ /
6 Answer the questions in Exercise 5.
5. Use the
1
lot of the food th a t _____is eaten_____in the UK information given.
2
there. Oranges, for example,
1 blue jeans and T-shirts
3
in California . They
4 5lue eans and T-sh irts were worn
worn by teen agers in
_______
__________
_______
______
__ there and then they
5
to airpo
airports
rts in Europe. Lorries _theJ_95Qs.________________________________
_theJ_95Qs.________________________________
transpo rt the fruit to towns, where they 2 Frank Lloyd Wright
6
in superm arkets. Incredibly, some
f ood 7________________ by ship to China, wh
where
ere it
3 to Europe
8
before returnin
returningg to Europe.

3 Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 4 packing equipment

1 Where BM W c a r s ?
d i d . . . p r od uc e B (are ... produc ed)
C produced ... by 7 Rewrite
Rewrite the question
questionss using the past simple passive
with by.
2 The equipm ent in a sm all facto
factory
ry near here.
is pack B packed C is packed Who found those b eautiful cave paintings?

3 very strong ta pe these boxes. Who were tho se beautiful cave painting s found by?
is secured B secures C are secured 2 What destroyed the city of Pompe ii?

4 Thei
Theirr w ork eve ryda y by tthe
he managers
managers..
inspects B is inspecting C is inspected 3 Who wrote R o m e o a n d J u l iiee t ?
5 The end prod uct for man y different things.
 uses B is used C has used
4 Who built Machu Picchu?

LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 99

LAN GU AGE R E FE R EN C E U N IT 7
Past perfect

A f f ir m a t iv e Negative

1/ You / He / Sh
Shee / It 1/ You / He / She
Sh e / It hadn’t
had forgotten.
W e / Y o u / Th ey We / Y o u / T h e y (had + not) forg otte n.

Questions S ho rt answers

1 you / he / she / it Yes, 1 you / he / she / it had.

Had forgotten?
w e / y o u / th e y No, w e / y o u / th e y h a d n ’ t.

• We use the past perfect with othe r past tenses to talk abo ut actions or states tthat
hat hap pened before tthe
he main past
action or state.
state.
l/l/e h a dn ’ t s e e n th e n e w s , so
so w e d i dn ’ t k n o w a b o u t th e s tto
orms.
I c o u l dn ’ t c a l l y o u o n F r i da y b e c a u s e I h o d l e ft m y ph o n e a t h o m e .

R e p o r te
t e d s t a te
te m e n t s

Direct speech Reported speech

P r e s e n t s i m p le ‘ 1want s o m e n e w j e a n s ’. He s aid (that) he wanted some new jeans.
Present continuous ‘ e’re making o u
urr ow n c lo
lo tth
h es
es ’.’. He s aid (t
(that) th ey
ey were making their own clothes.
Past simple ‘ 1had a g r e a t t i m e ’. S h e s a id (that) s h e ’ d had a great time.
Present perfect ‘ e’ve just seen a live c on
on cce
e rrtt ’. S h e s a id ((tthat) t h ey
ey ’d
’d just seen a live concert.

• When we report som eb od y’s words, we of

often
ten have to change tthe
he verb forms - see the table above for how tthe
he verb
forms change.
• We often n
need
eed to change pronou ns in reported speech.
‘ Y o u h a v e to a r r i v e be fo r e 7 p m ’. - H e s a i d (th
(thaa t) w e h o d to a r r iiv
v e be fo r e 7 pm .
100 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 7
Past perfect 4 rite the direct speech in reported speech.
1 ‘ I had an interesting
interestin g holiday.’
Complete the sentences with the past perfect form
He sai
said
d (that) he’d had an int
intere
erest
stin
ingg holiday.
holiday.
of the verbs in brackets.
2 Tve
Tv e already re
read
ad the film review.’
review.’
1 I couldn
cou ldn’t
’t go to the performance because
because I
Maria said (that)____________________
(that)____________________
had bee
been
n (be) ilill.l.
2 S h e ( n o t sleep) ve
very well, so she felt tired 3 They
‘We’re making
said (that)pizzas for dinner.’
(that)__________________
__________________
all day.
4 ‘Juan
‘Jua n can’t leave before eight.’
3 Iw
Iwa
as happy because my t e a m ( w in ) .
Itold them (that)
4 We rea
realise
ised th
that
at w e ( m e e t ) once before.
5 H e ( k n o w ) about the event for a long time. 5 rite the reported speech in direct speech.
1 She said
said she’d
she ’d booked tickets for the exhibition.
2 Circle the correct option.
‘Ive^oo^edt\c^ete>-?orty] e_e
_exh
xh biti
bi tien
en.. _
1 When we arrived, the street party
2 He told me he didn’t watch any daytime TV.
already was started. B has already started.
C (had already started)
3 Jack
Jackyy said she was waiting for her friend to arrive.
2 Id
Ididn’t
idn’t want to
to see
see the movie until I the book.

A was read B had read C hadn’t read

3 Whe
Whenn we heard
heard the noise, we knew something
somethi ng 4 We told them we had never heard that band.
had happened. B happened. C happens.
4 They w
were
ere so
so late that the performance
6 Read
Read the email
email.. Then complete the reported speech
has nearly finished. B nearly had finished.
below.
C had nearly finished.
5 Yolanda ran to the station but the train
train
had just leave. B had just left.
C was just left.
Hi Diana,
Reported statements Bernie and I are having a brillia nt time in R
Rio!
io! We're
staying near the Copacabana beach, so we've swum
3 Circle the correct option. every day.The carnival has been amazing. I've never
1 They(sa^te//that
They(sa^te//that it’s the
the biggest carnival in the world. seen so many fabulous cost umes. We've lov
loved
ed ever
every
y
minute! ctually, we don't want to le
leave!
ave!
2 Edwinsaid/told everyone that he wasn’t coming.
Love, Susie
3 Did anyone
anyon esay/tell yo
you
u what
wh at time the film began?
began?
4 I have alreadysaid/told yo
you
u not to do that.
I've just had an email from Susie, who's in Rio with
5 The ticketsays/tells that costumes are optional. Bernie. She said they 1
were having_
having___
__ a brilliant
brilliant
time. She said they 2 near the
Copacabana beach, so they 3 every
day. She wrote that the carnival4
She said that s h e 5
amazing. She so
many fabulous costumes. She told me that they
6 every minute. ctually, they
7
to leave!
 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 101

LAN GU AGE R E FE R EN C E U N IT 8
c a n / c a n ’t
’t, b e a ll
ll o w e d t o n e e d t o / d o n ’t
’t n e e d t o

Affirmative/Negative A f fi r m at i v e Negative
I’m (not) 1/We/You/ need
need tto
o wo
work
rk.. don’t n
nee
eed
d to wor
work.
k.
You
You / We / They’re (n
(no
ot) allowed to run.
run. They

He / She / It’s (not) He / Sh e / It

It n ee
ee d s to doe sn’t need to work.

Q u e s t io n s S hort answers work.

m 1 Yes, 1am. Questions
No, I’m not. Do 1/ w e / y o u / th e y n e e d to w o r k ?

re you/ Yes, you / we / they are. D o es he / s h e / i t

we / allowed No, you
you /w e/ th ey Short answers
they to run? aren’t. Yes, 1/ we / you / do. No, 1/ we / you / don’t.
Is he / Yes, he / she / it is. they they
she / No, he / she / it isn’t.
he / s h e / i t d o e s. he / s h e / it d o e s n ’ t.
it
• We use
useneed
need to say that there is an
an ob ligation to do
• We use e allowed to to say that we have
something.
permission to do something.
W e 'r
'r e a l llo
o w e d to u s e m y a u n t' s l a pto p. I nee d to go ho me after cl
class.
ass.
You're
You' library. •
re not allo we d to take these bo oks o ut of the library. We use don’t need to to say there
there is no obliga tion to do
something.
• We often con tract e in negative sentences.
I do n't need to take the bus. I can walk.
Th e y a r e n ' t a l l o w e d to h o v e ph o n e s i n c l a
ass s .
H e i s n ' t a l lo
lo w e d to go to th e pa r tty
y.
h a v e t o / d on
on ' t h a v e t o
m s t / m s t n ’t
’t Affirmati
Affir mative
ve / Negative
1/ We/You / T
They
hey hav
have
e to lea
learn
rn / don’t have to lear
learn.
n.
A ffi r m at i v e Negative
He / She / It has to learn / doesn’t have to learn.
1/ H e /S
/S h e
e// IItt m u s t go. m u s t n ’t go.
Questions
We/Yo u / The
They
y
Do 1/ w e / y o u / th e y have to learn?

• We usemust to say what we think it iiss necessa ry D o es h e / s h e / it

to do, to talk abou t obligation and to giv
give
e strong
Short answers
recommendations.
Yes, 1/ w e / you / th e y do. No, 1/ w e / you don’t.
I m u s t s ta r t s tu dy i n g m o r e .
/t he y
Yo
You
u mu st listen to this song. It's fantastic!

• We use
usemustn’t
mustn’t to say what we think it is necessary he / s h e / it d oe s . he / s h e / it d o e s n ’t.
not to do,
do, tto
o talk abo ut pro hibition and to gi
give
ve • We use have to to say what it is
is necessa ry to do.
strong advice against something. Yo
You
u have to answ er all the question s in the e
exam.
xam.
W e m u s tn ' t fo r ge t to b u y h e r a pr e s e n tt.. H e h a s to w e a r a u n i fo r m a t s c h o o ll..
Te llll tth
h e m th a t th e y m u s tn ' t be l a te to m o r r o w . • We use don’t have to to say that it is not ne cessary to do
• Questions with must ar
are
e not very comm on as they someth ing, but that you can do it If
If you want.
sound quite formal. We tend to use have to instead. Yo
ou
u do n ' t h a v e to h e l p m e w i th m y h o m e w o r k .

Mu st I go to bed so early? Do I have to go to bed so E l s ie

ie do e s n ' t h a v e to ge t u p e a r l y to m o r r o w .
early? • Question wo rds go at the beginning of the question.
• Must is the sam e in all forms. How m uch hom ework do you have to do every da
ayy?
 • We use an infinitive with out to aftermust. When do we have to ma ke a decision?

102 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 8
c a n / c a n ’ t,
t, b e a l l o w e d t o h a v e to
t o , m u t an
a n d n e e d to
to

rite posit
positive
ive [+] or negative [-] sentences
sentenc es w
with
ith 4 Correct the mistake in each sentence.
can or can’t. 1 She donfr have to sit at the front of the class.
class.
1 Susanna / come with us tomorrow. [-
[-]] Sh e doesn’t have
have to si t a t the front
fr ont of the class.
Susannacan’t c o m e withus tomorrow. 2 Yo
You
u have be
be well-beha
well-behaved
ved on the school bus
bus..
2 we / write in our English books. [+]

Luis and his friend needs to finish

finish the
their
ir homework.
Jam es / use his broth
br oth er’s
er ’s bike. [[+
+]

4 Must we
we to come into scho ol at the weekend?
4 they / play in a professional
professiona l orchestra. [-
[-]]

5 Circle the correct option.

2 rite sentences with be allowed to and the verb in 1 It isn’t
isn ’t necessary to write a thank-you
thank -you letter.
brackets. ttej).. B You mustn’t
<% u do n’t have to write a le ttej)
1 We ir e allow
allowed
ed to wean (wear)
(wear) boots in the winter. write a letter.
2 n d r e a ( h a v e ) he
her lap top in class. 2 I can go to the gym by bike.
bike.
F r a n k l i n ( n o t /drive) hi
his fa th e r’s car. I need to take the bus
bus.. B Idon’t need to take
the bus.
4 C h i l d r e n ( n o t I be) rude to their parents.
It
It’s
’s important
impor tant for me to revise for exams.
exams.
3 Make questions and short answers with be allow ed to. Idon’t need to revise. B Imust revise.
1 your
your teachers/give detention/yes 4 We’re not allowed to run in the corridors.
re yo
your
ur teac hers all
allow
owed
ed to give detention? We do n’t have to run, but we can.
can.
B We mustn’t
mustn ’t run.
Yes,, they
Yes th ey are
are..
5 Yo
Youu must watch this video!
2 your little sister / wear make-up / n
no
o
Istrongly recommend it it.. B Ido n’t thi
think
nk you’ll
like it.

6 Complete the swimming pool rules with the phrases

they / use
use online dictiona
dict ionaries
ries / yes
yes in the box.
/ ---------
-------------------
--------------------
--------------------
-------------------
-------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
-----------\
-\

do n’t h
have
ave to use do n’t need to bring
have to have have to wear mu stn’t come
4 we /ea t all
all the
these
se cakes/no must remember
remem ber mu stn’t run need to pay
\____________________________________________)

You 1 mustn’t
mustn’t come
come into the pool area in outd oor
shoes. You 2 rubber shoes round the
5 Carlos/p lay football
football wi
with
th us/y es pool. You 3 attentio n on wet surfaces
surfaces
and yo u 4
and at any time. There are
lockers in the changing rooms, but you
5 t h em . Yo u 6_______________ your

own towel, because tow els are provided. However,

However, if you
do use ours, you 7 to leave them in the
basket provided. Finally, swimmers under the age often
 8 an accompanying adult.

LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 103

LAN GU AGE R E FE R EN C E U N IT 9
b e g o i n g to and present continuous • We can use the future continuous to talk about
actions in progress at a point in time in the
A f f i r m a t iv e / N e g a tiv e Q u e stio n s future.
1 ’m / ’m m 1 My sister will be living
living in London next y
year.
ear. Next
not Saturday, w e’ll be sitting on the beach.
He / She / IItt ’s/ isn
isn’t
’t going to Is he she / it going to • We use w i i l / w o n ’ t when we feel sure abou t the
tell him.
him. tell him? action in progress, and m ay (not)/might
(not)/might (n
(not
ot))
We / You ’re re we/you /
when we’re less sure.
They aren’t they
They’ll be answ ering qu estions online at 7 pm.
Short answers We migh t be having dinn er at 9 pm.

1am. I’m not. Relative pronouns and relative

Yes, he she / it is. No
No,, he / she / it isn ’t. clauses
we /yo u / th
they
ey are.
are. we / you / they a
aren’t.
ren’t. • We use relative clauses to make the person,
place or thing we are talking a bout clear.
• We useb e g o i n g to to talk about future actions
a ctions we have
My aunt has a fri
friend
end who m akes bea utiful ba
bags.
gs.
decided to do.
This is the song t ha t I told yo u abo ut.
After we finish school, I’m go ing to trav el to Aus tralia.
• We use relative p ronouns at the
relative the beginning
be ginning of
My grandp aren ts ore going to stay with us this summer.
• We use the appropriate
appropr iate present form ofbe (not) + go in g + to relative clauses. We do not rep
repeat
eat the subject
pronoun when the subject
subje ct of the pronou n and
+verb.
following
follow ing clause are the same.
I’m
I’m going to wear my new ean s an d my red T-s
T-shi
hirt
rt..
We know a lot o f peo ple who live in the vill
village.
age.
We’re
We’re not goin g to take the bus.
W o k n o w a l o to
t o f p e o p l e w h o t h e y l iiv
veinthe
• We form questions with b e +subject +
go ing + to + verb. village.
When
When are you going to sta rt studying for the exams?
• We use w h o ort h a t to talk about people.
people.
Is she go ing to get here before 9 o ’clock?
The
The mon who /that li
lives
ves next doo r works at night.
Present continuous for future Sh e’s
e’s the scientist who’s/tho t’s
t’s moving to
Antarctica next yea
year.
r.
• We use the present continuous to talk about future
arrangemen
arrang emen ts when they have a fixed date. • We uset h a t orwhich to talk about things.
things.
They’re
They’re getting m arried this
this summer. I do n’t llike
ike books which/th at have sad endings.

What are you doing this

this weekend ? II’’m going sh opping I won t boots which/tha t I con we ar all ye
year.
ar.
with m y parents. • We use where to talk about places.
That’s the office where my uncle works.
F u t u re
re c o n t i n u o u s
Try
Try th
the
e restau rant where we had m y party.
Af fi
firm
rm at iv e / Ne|gativ
gativee • We use when to talk ab out time.
1/ You / He/ will won’t be lying on the beach That was the day when we were late fo r school.
She / It / We I may / may not this time next week. It’s
It’s the holida y when everyone is happiest.
You / They might / might not • We use why to talk about reasons.
Q u e s tio n S h o r t a n s w e rs Yo
You
u studied a lo
lot.
t. Th at’s
at’s why you p assed!
Will 1/ you / he / be lying on the Yes, 1/
1/ you / he / I lost m y pas spo rt. Th at’s why I’m so sod.
she
she / it/ w e / beach this time she/it/we/you • We use w h o s e to talk about possessions.
possessions.
you/they next week? /the y will.
will. Do you remem ber the name o f the
the guy whose
No, 1/
1/ you / he/
he / phone charger I borrowed lost week?
she it/we/you
/they won’t.
won’t.
104 LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE

L A N G U A G E P R A CTICE UNIT 9
b e g o i n g to and present contin uou s Relative
Relative pronou ns and relati
relative
ve clauses

Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Circle the correct option.
be going to and the verb in brackets. 1 Id idn
idn’t
’t know the person(y/ho)/which sat next to me
1 We are go
going
ing to v isit
is it (visit) our old neighbours
neighbou rs at on the train.
the weekend. 2 She’s the girlwho/whose moth
mother
er is from Chile.
2 S h e ( n o t come) with us to Peru. 3 Is ugust the time which/when it rains a lot in
3 H e ( l e a v e ) for the station at nine. Scotland?
4 T h e y ( d e l i v e r ) the products by 4 This is the bookthat/whose was banned in the 1940s.
drone
dron e next year. 5 That’s
Tha t’s the placewhy/where they used to meet.
5 F li g h t s ( n o t be) cheaper in 6 It’s
It’s the holidays and that’s
that ’swhere/why I’m happy!
future, are they?
6 yo u ( b u y ) 5 Correct
Correct the mistake in each sentence.
the train tickets online? 1 Do you know who bags these are?
Do you know whose bags th
thes
ese
e are?
Present continuous for future 2 She can’t remember when she wanted to buy.
buy.

2 Put the words in order. 3 That is the language school

schoo l she will be studying.
1 train / travelling
travellin g / on / to / the / night / Madrid
Madrid / We’re
We’re
We’re travelling to Madrid on the night train.
4 I’ll never forget the time which I met dele.
2 meeting / the / friends / their / They’ re / on / bu
buss

5 Is there a reason where you don’t want to fly?

3 on / summer / going
going / I’m
I’m / tr ip /t h is / scho ol/ a

4 for
for/you
/you / re/birthday/having/a
re/birthday/having/a /your/party/? g Complete the conversation with the clauses in the
box and the correct relative pronoun.
<■ >
5 tonigh
tonightt / isn’t
isn’ t / our / Stella / to / concert / coming father was the artist told us she recommended
was the artist we could wait you took
\ /
Future
Future continuou s ALEXIA rethosethephotos 1 t hat/wh c hyo u too k
on holiday?
3 Complete the text with the phrases in the box. KARL Ye
Yes,
s, Itook
I took this one in Paris, remember?
will
wil l be building
build ing will be cyclin
cyclingg will
wil l bo driving
dri ving ALEXIA Of course! It was our first
fi rst day
day.. W
We
e found a
2
will be making will be using wowon’t
n’t be doing museum for the rain to
stop.
More peop le 1
More willll bo driving__
driving__ electri
elec tricc cars in the
KARL That’s
Tha t’s righ
right!
t! nd look - this w
was
as the girl
future, in my opinion. Transport companies 3
2
about the exhibition.
driverless trucks, too. But I
teenager s3
wonder how teenagers their ALEXIA Was she the person 4 ?
daily journeys
journey s in 20 years?
years? Many believe that they KARL No, but she knew the man
4______________ more, but they 5 5 andthat’s
6
that unless road conditions are improved. Today’s the exhibition.
keen cyclists hope that town planners
6
more cycle lanes
l anes by the time
their chi
children
ldren are teenag
teenagers.
ers.

LANGUAGE REFERENCE & PRACTICE 105

10
106
6 LANG UAGE ANK
L ANGUAGE ANK 107
108
108 LANG UAGE ANK
L ANGUAGE ANK 109
110 LAN GU AGE AN K

IRREGU AR VERBS

Infinitive Past simple Past participle Infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was/were been let let let
beat beat beaten lie lied lied
become became become light lit lit
begin began begun lose lost lost
bite bit bitten make made made
blow blew blown mean meant meant
break broke broken meet met met
bring brought brought pay paid paid
build built built put put put
buy bought bought read read read
catch caught caught ride rode ridden
choose chose chosen ring rang rung
come came come rise rose risen
cost cost cost run ran run
cut cut cut say said said
do did done see saw seen
draw drew drawn sell sold sold
drink drank drunk send sent sent
drive drove driven shine shone shone
eat ate eaten shoot shot shot
fall fell fallen show showed shown
feel felt felt shut shut shut
fight fought fought sing sang sung
find found found sit sat s at
fly flew flown sleep slept slept
forget forgot forgotten speak spoke spoken
got got spend spent spent
get gave given stand stood stood
give
go went gone steal stole stolen
grow grew grown swim swam swum
hang hung hung take took taken
have had had teach taught taught
hear heard heard tear tore torn
hide hid hidden tell told told
hit hit hit think thought thought
hold held held throw threw thrown
hurt hurt hurt understand understood understood
keep kept kept wake woke woken
know knew known wear wore worn
leave left left win won won
 lend lent lent write wrote written

LAN GU AG E AN K 111

Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright anouchka/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Vasily Pindyurin; Image Source; Muriel de Seze/
material and are grateful for the permissions granted. hile every effort has DigitalVision; asiseeit/E+;
asiseeit/E+; mihailomilovanovic/E+; U5: Steve Clancy Photography/
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RF; FotoDuets/iStock/Getty Image
Imagess
material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to Plus;Thanatham Piriyakarnjanakul/EyeEm;
Piriyakarnjanakul/EyeEm; Herianus Herianus
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our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on Westend61; linaYudina/iSto ck/Getty Images
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Plus; paul mansfield photography/
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Key: SU= Starter Unit; U = Unit. Open; Timothy Mbugua/EyeEm; zhuzhu/iStock/Getty Images Plus; JLR/Moment; Ippei
Naoi/Moment; Milton Cogheil/Ey
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Paola M oschitto-
Text ssenmacher/Ey
ssenmacher/EyeEm;
eEm; Matteo Colom bo/Momen t; Marko Konig; Ricardo Funari/Brazil
U1:Text about Derek Rabelo. Copyright © Derek Rabelo. Reproduce with permission; Photos/Ligh tRocket; Ma tt Cardy/Getty Images News; GREG B KER/ FP; Se
SeaTops;
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Deutscher. Copyright © lma Deutscher
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Vision; U2: David_ hn/iStock/Getty Imag
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Plus;
us; JOE KL M R/ FP; KidStock/Blend
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