NATIONAL MOVEMENT

I. Key points:

1. 1878: Arms Act was passed.

2. 1883: Illbert Bill was passed.

3. 1885: The Indian National Congress was formed.

4. 1905: Partition of Bengal

5. 1906: The All India Muslim League was formed.

6. 1909: A provisions made for separate Electorate for Muslims

7. 1914: First World War was started

8. 1915: Arrival of Gandhi to India from South Africa

9. 1916: Lucknow Pact was signed

10. 1917: Russian Revolution

11. 1918: First World War came to an end

12. 1919: Rowlatt Act was Passed/Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

13. 1920: Non-cooperation Movement/Khilafat Movement

14. 1922: Chauri Chaura Incident was happened

15. 1927: Appointment of Simon Commission

16. 1930: Salt March/Dandi March/Civil Disobedience Movement

17. 1935: Government of India Act

18. 1937: Provincial Legislature Elections were introduced

19. 1939: Second World War Began

20: 1942: Quit India Movement

II. Assertion and Reason:

1. Assertion(A): The All India Khilafat Conference held at Delhi in November 1919 in the leadership of Ali
Brothers Muhammad – Ali and Shaukat-Ali.

Reason( R): Gandhiji was the head of Khilafat Committee.

Answer: Both A and R are True but R is not the correct Explanation of A

2. Assertion (A): The controversial Ilbert Bill incident took place in 1883.

Reason (R): which allowed Indian judges to try Europeans (whites) accused of crimes.
Answer: Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A

III. Short Answers:

1. What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?

 The Muslim League resolution of 1940 asked for “Independent States’ for Muslims in the north-
western and eastern areas of the country.
 The resolution did not mention partition or the name Pakistan.

2. How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?

 The Radicals within Congress cherished different opinions.

 They had a deep faith in action and wanted to drive away from the foreigners as soon as
possible.
 They criticized the Moderates for their “politics of prayers’ and gave emphasis on self-reliance
and constructive work.
 They argued that people must fight for swaraj.
 Unless they fought against the British rule unitedly, they Would not bring independence to their
country.

3. Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?

 Gandhiji was very much worried about the salt law.

 According to this law, the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.
 Gandhiji thought that it was sinful to tax salt because it is an essential item of our food And is
required equally by the rich and the poor.
 Hence he decided to break this law in anticipation that people from all walks of life would extend
their support.
 Needless to say that Gandhiji’s Salt March became very successful.

IV. Long Answer:

1. What were the demands of the Congress in its early years?

 In its early years the Congress was moderate in its objectives and methods.
 It made several demands; which are given below:
 The Congress demanded a greater voice for Indians in the government and in administration.
 It demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government. For this purpose it
called for Civil Service examinations to be held in India as well, not just in London.
 The Congress demanded for the separation of the judiciary from the executive.
 The repeal of the Arms Act and the freedom of speech and expression was also a major demand
of the Congress.
 It also demanded reduction of revenue, cut in military expenditure and more funds for irrigation.