Blue print and FAQs

Unit – 5: Surface Chemistry

Total Marks from the chapter 06 (1+5)

Question numbers Part A (MCQ) : I - 6th, Part D: V – 41st

2023 Annual Exam Paper

6. Which of the following is not applicable to the phenomenon of adsorption? (1)
a) ∆G = -Ve b) ∆GS= -Ve c) ∆H = -Ve d) ∆H = +Ve

option d) ∆H = +Ve

41. a) Explain Bredig’s Arc method for the preparation of metal sols. (3)
b) Write two steps involved in the mechanism of enzyme catalysed reaction. (2)

a) The two gold electrodes are dipped in water containing a little of alkali to stabilize the sol and an electric
arc is struck between them. The intense heat produced vaporises the metal and the vapours are
immediately condensed by the surrounding ice to give particles of colloidal size. Sol of metals like gold,
platinum, and silver can be prepared by this method.

b) Step 1: The reacting substance(S) binds to the enzyme to form a complex. This lowers the energy of
activation.

Step 2: Enzyme – Substrate complex breaks into products releasing the enzyme.

The high specificity of enzyme catalysts is compared to a lock and a key.

Model Question Paper for 2023 ( New pattern)

6. In the process of adsorption (1)

a) ΔH = 0, ΔS = 0 b) ΔH = +ve, ΔS = +ve
c) ΔH = -ve, ΔS = -ve d) ΔH = +ve, ΔS = -ve

Option c) ΔH = -ve, ΔS = -ve

41. a) Give any two differences between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids. (2)
b) Explain heterogeneous catalysis with a suitable example. (2)
c) Why do colloidal solutions exhibit Tyndall effect? (1)
a)

Lyophilic Colloids Lyophobic Colloids

b) .
1. Prepared easily by direct mixing of dispersed 1. Cannot be prepared easily, but can be
phase and a dispersion medium prepared by special methods.
2. These are stable. 2. These are unstable.
Eg: Starch dispersed in water Eg: Sulphur dispersed in water
3. Reversible 3. Irreversible
4. Dispersed medium and dispersed phase 4. Dispersed medium and dispersed phase
have affinity for each other have no affinity for each other
Heterogeneous catalysis: A chemical reaction in which the catalyst and the reactants are in the different
phases is termed as Heterogeneous catalysis.
Example: Oxidation of sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide in the presence of Pt.

c) Colloidal particles scatter the light so they exhibit Tyndall effect

Questions from 2022 Final Board Exam (Pattern was different)

6. What is meant by selectivity of a catalyst? (1)

The ability of a catalyst to direct a reaction to give a particular product is called selectivity of
a catalyst.

41. a) Give any three differences between Lyophilic and Lyophobic Colloids.
b) Write the expression for Freundlich adsorption isotherm. What is the value of 1/n to show that
adsorption can be independent of pressure? (3+1+1)

a) Difference:

b)
c) 1/n = 0 or Zero
Frequently Asked Questions in last 5 years.

1. Explain electrophoresis.
The movement of colloidal particles under an applied electric potential is called electrophoresis.
When an electrode potential is applied across two platinum electrodes dipped in colloidal solution, the
colloidal particles move towards one or the other electrodes. Positively charged particles move towards
the cathode and negatively charged particles move towards the anode. By noting the direction of motion,
we can find the charge on the colloidal particles.

2. Explain Bredig’s electric arc method for the preparation of Gold sol.
The two gold electrodes are dipped in water containing a little of alkali to stabilize the sol and an electric
arc is struck between them. The intense heat produced vaporises the metal and the vapours are
immediately condensed by the surrounding ice to give particles of colloidal size. Sol of metals like gold,
platinum, and silver can be prepared by this method.

3. State and explain the Hardy Schulze rule.

Ion of opposite charge is effective in coagulation of a sol. Higher the valency of the flocculating ion
added, greater is the coagulating power of the ion.
Eg (1): In the coagulation of negatively charged sol, the coagulation power is in the order:
Na+< Ba+2< Al+3.
Eg (2): In the coagulation of positively charged sol, the coagulating power is in the order:
[Fe (CN6)4-]>PO43->SO42->Cl-
 Higher the charge on the flocculating ion, lesser is the amount of the electrolyte required to coagulate a
sol.
4. Give two differences between physisorption and chemisorption.

PHYSISORPTION
1. It arises due to Van der Waal’s forces
2. It is not specific in nature.
3. It is reversible.
4. Enthalpy of adsorption is low.
5. Decreases with rise in temperature
CHEMISORPTION
1. It is caused by chemical bond formation
2. It is highly specific in nature.
3. It is irreversible.
4. Enthalpy of adsorption is high.
5. Increases with rise in temperature

5. Explain the Brownian movement.

Continuous random zig-zag movement of colloidal particles in a medium is called Brownian movement. It
is due to the collision of moving molecules of the dispersion medium with the colloidal particles.
Particles of the medium are very small and are moving randomly in all directions. They collide with the
colloidal particles and transfer their kinetic energy. Colloidal particles move slowly and randomly due to
unequal bombardments by the particles of the medium. This is seen as “Brownian Movement”.
6. Explain Dialysis.
It is a process of removing true solution particles from a colloidal solution by means of diffusion
through a suitable membrane. Particles in a true solution can pass through the animal membrane or
parchment paper or cellophane sheet but not the colloidal particles. The apparatus used is dialyzer.
A bag of suitable membrane containing colloidal solution is suspended in a vessel through which
freshwater is flowing. The molecules and ions diffuse through the membrane into the outer water and a
pure colloidal solution is left behind.

7. What is a) Gel b) Emulsion c) Sol? Give an example for each.

a) Gel is a colloidal solution in which a dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is solid.
Eg: Butter, Cheese
b) An emulsion is a colloidal system in which the dispersed phase and dispersion medium are liquids.
Eg: Milk, Cod liver oil.
c) Sol is a colloidal solution in which dispersed phase is solid and dispersion medium is liquid.
Eg: starch solution, paint
8. What is peptization? Give example.
The process of converting a freshly prepared precipitate into a colloidal sol by shaking it with dispersion
medium in the presence of a small amount of electrolyte is called peptization.
 Eg: When freshly prepared ferric hydroxide is treated with a small amount of ferric chloride, ferric
hydroxide sol is formed.

9. What is the Tyndall effect?

Scattering of light by colloidal particles present in the colloidal sol is called the Tyndall effect. When a
beam of light is passed through the colloidal solution, the path of the beam gets illuminated with bluish
light viewed at right angles to the direction of the passage of light. The path of the beam becomes visible
due to the scattering of light by colloidal particles.

10. Differentiate between lyophilic and lyophobic sols

Lyophilic Colloids Lyophobic Colloids

1. Prepared easily by direct mixing of dispersed
phase and a dispersion medium
2. These are stable.
Eg: Starch dispersed in water
3. Reversible
4. Dispersed medium and dispersed phase
have affinity for each other
11. Differentiate between absorption and adsorption.
1. Cannot be prepared easily, but can be
prepared by special methods.
2. These are unstable.
Eg: Sulphur dispersed in water
3. Irreversible
4. Dispersed medium and dispersed phase
have no affinity for each other

Absorption Adsorption
1. It is a bulk phenomenon 1. It is a surface phenomenon
2. The absorbed substance is uniformly 2. The adsorbed substance is retained only on
distributed throughout the body the surface of the adsorbent.
12. What is homogeneous catalysis? Give an example.
When the reactants and the catalyst are in the same phase, the process is said to be homogeneous catalysis.
Example: oxidation of sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide with dioxygen in the presence of oxides of

nitrogen as a catalyst.

13. What is heterogeneous catalysis? Give an example.

The catalytic process in which the reactants and the catalyst are in different phase is known as
heterogeneous catalysis.
Example: Oxidation of sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide in the presence of Platinum.

14. Give an example for shape selective catalyst.

Zeolites or ZSM-5

15. Name the adsorbent used for the removal of colouring matter from the solution.
Animal charcoal or activated charcoal.

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