

ُ‫أبث اٌٍح‬ٛ‫أٔخبج حي‬

Beef Cattle
 
In the United States there are more
than 80 recognized breeds of beef
cattle. ِٓ ٍٗ‫ عالٌٗ ِغد‬80 ِٓ ‫خذ اوثش‬ٛ‫ي‬
‫اليبث إٌخحذة االِشيىيت‬ٌٛ‫أبث اٌٍحُ بب‬ٛ‫حي‬
 
A breed is a group of animals of common
descent, possessing distinctive
characteristics that distinguish them from
other groups within the same species.
‫ب ٔفظ اٌصفبث‬ٌٙ ‫أبث‬ٛ‫عت ِٓ اٌحي‬ّٛ‫اٌغالٌت ٘ي ِد‬
ُ‫اْ اٌٍح‬ٛ‫اٌّّيضاث اٌخي حٕطبك عٍي حي‬ٚ
 
When you examine the characteristics of
any breed there are always some
advantages and some disadvantages.
‫ة اٌخبصت‬ٛ‫ب ٔفظ اٌعي‬ٙ‫عٍي‬ٚ ‫ب ٔفظ اٌّّيضاث‬ٌٙ
‫ببٌغالٌت‬
 British Breeds:
Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn

Advantages Disadvantages
Low birth weight Lower growth rate
High fertility ‫ ِٕخفط‬ّٛٔ ‫ِعذي‬
Moderate milk production
Moderate frame size
‫صْ اٌّيالد‬ٚ ‫أخفبض‬
‫بت اٌّشحفعت‬ٛ‫اٌخص‬
ٓ‫عػ ِٓ اٌٍب‬ٛ‫أخبج ِخ‬
ُ‫عػ ٌغالٌت اٌٍح‬ٛ‫صج ِخ‬ّٛٔ
 European Breeds:
Charolais, Gelbvieh, Maine-Anjou, Pinzgauer, Simmental,
South Devon, Tarentaise

Advantages Disadvantages
High growth rate Increased dystocia
Larger frame size Increased maintenance
High milk production.‫أبث‬ٛ‫صيبدة في االحخيبخبث اٌحبفظٗ ٌٍحي‬
‫ عبٌي‬ّٛٔ ‫ِعذي‬
‫صج حدُ وبيش‬ّٛٔ
ٓ‫أخبج عبٌي ِٓ اٌٍب‬
Shorthornْ‫س‬ٛٙ‫سح‬ٛ‫اٌش‬
PROFILE
  From
England
‫أدٍخشا‬

 Color
Red, red and white, or roan
‫االبيط‬ٚ ‫ االحّش‬ٚ‫االحّش ا‬
 Size
Mature Bulls: 1,000-1,300 lbsً‫صْ اٌزوش ببٌشغ‬ٚ
Mature Cows: 800-1,200 lbsً‫صْ االٔثي ببٌشغ‬ٚ

 Popularity Factors
Dual purpose breed for milk and meat
‫عالٌت ثٕبئيت اٌغشض‬.
Gelbvieh‫اٌدٍبيف‬
PROFILE

 From
Germany‫اٌّبٔيب‬

 Color
Red‫االحّش‬

 Size
Mature Bulls: 1,000-1,300 lbsً‫صْ اٌزوش ببٌشغ‬ٚ
Mature Cows: 800-1,200 lbsً‫صْ االٔثي ببٌشغ‬ٚ

 Popularity Factors
Fleshy under the throat. Good mothers
who have a calf a year.
‫ِت‬ِٛ‫يب –خيذة في غشيضة اال‬ٕٛ‫حٕخح عدً ع‬
Charolaisٗ‫ٌي‬ٚ‫اٌشبس‬
PROFILE
  From
France‫فشٔغب‬

 Color
White ٌٍْٛ‫ابيط ا‬

 Size
Mature Bulls: 2,800-3,300 lbs
Mature Cows: 1,400-2,500 lbs

 Popularity Factors
Long bodied large cattle. Heavily
muscled. ‫ثميٍت في اٌععالث‬ٚ ‫يٍت‬ٛ‫اسخً غ‬
Brahman
PROFILE
  From
India

 Color
White to grey, red to black.

 Size
Mature Bulls: 2,800-3,300 lbs
Mature Cows: 1,400-2,500 lbs

 Popularity Factors
Insect and heat resistant, able
to survive on little, poor feed.
Has sweat glands.
Texas Longhornْ‫س‬ٛٙ‫إٌٍد‬
PROFILE
 From
North America ‫اِشيىب اٌشّبٌيت‬

 Color
Diverse coloringْ‫ا‬ٌٛ‫حذاخً اال‬

 Size
Mature Bulls: 2,800-3,300 lbs
Mature Cows: 1,400-2,500 lbs

 Popularity Factors
Can eat very poor vegetation.
Lean beef…and really cool horns.
‫حعيش في ِٕبغك فميشة اٌغزاء‬
 Hereford


 Black and Red Angus

 Simmental
Hereford‫سد‬ٛ‫يشف‬ٌٙ‫ا‬
PROFILE
 From 
Hereford, England‫أدٍخشا‬

 Color
Red or Black with white head, legs, and underline.
‫د ِع سأط بيعبء‬ٛ‫ االع‬ٚ‫االحّش ا‬

 Size
Mature Bulls: 2,000-2,500 lbs ً‫صْ اٌزوش ببٌشغ‬ٚ
Mature Cows: 1,00-1600 lbs ً‫صْ االٔثي ببٌشغ‬ٚ

 Popularity Factors
Excellent mothers. Very adaptable to any environment, juicy tender meat.
Very easy to handle ٍُ‫ِت ٍعشيعت اٌخقل‬ِٛ‫ِّخبصة اال‬
Angus‫األٔدظ‬
PROFILE
 From 
Scotlandh ٖ‫اعىخٍٕذ‬

 Color
Black hair and skin or red hair and skin.
‫ أحّش‬ٚ‫د ا‬ٛ‫شعش اع‬

 Size
Mature Bulls: 1,000-1,300 lbs
Mature Cows: 800-1,200 lbs

 Popularity Factors
Excellent mothers. Naturally no horns, and natural marbling for tasty, tender
beef. Very easy to handle. ‫ْ عبٌيت في صفت اٌّشِشيت‬ٚ‫ي عٍي لش‬ٛ‫ِٗ الححخ‬ِٛ‫ِّخبصة اال‬
Simmental‫اٌغيّٕخبي‬
PROFILE
 From 
Switzerland, came to the United States in 1971
‫اليبث اٌّخحذة‬ٌٛ‫أخمٍج اٌي ا‬ٚ ‫يغشا‬ٛ‫ع‬

 Color
pale yellow-gold all the way to very dark red or black
‫ْ االحّش اٌغبِك‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٚ‫ْ االصفش اٌز٘بي ا‬ٌٍٛ‫ا‬
 Size
Mature Bulls: 2,200-2,800 lbs
Mature Cows: 1,100-1,500 lbs

 Popularity Factors
Gentle and large with heavy milk production. Very lean meat. Very easy to
handle. ‫ب‬ٙ‫ٍت اٌخعبًِ ِع‬ٙ‫َ إٌبعّت ِع أخبج عبٌي ِٓ اٌٍبٓ ع‬ٛ‫اٌٍح‬
‫معلومات اضافية عن االبقار‬
 Breeds of Beef Cattle

There are approximately 250 breeds of cattle recognized
throughout the world, and several hundreds of breeds that are
not recognized. The exact count is impossible to determine
because other breeds continue to be imported, and crossing
existing breeds continuously creates new breeds
ً‫ب غيش ِغد‬ِٕٙ ‫ي اٌعبٌُ اٌعذيذ‬ٛ‫ عالٌت عٍي ِغخ‬250ِٓ‫خذ اوثش‬ٛ‫ي‬
 Breed Characteristics

The major characteristics for beef producers:‫اصفبث اٌغالٌت‬ِٛ
 Mature body size‫صْ ٔعح عبٌي‬ٚ
 Milk productionٓ‫ِٕخفط في أخبج اٌٍب‬
 Age at puberty‫غ‬ٍٛ‫ِبىشة اٌب‬
 Environmental adaptability‫اٌّمذسة عٍي اٌخقلٍُ ِع اٌبيئت اٌخبسخيت‬
 Rate and efficiency of gain‫ ِشحفع‬ّٛٔ ‫وفقءة‬
 Muscle expression‫حعبيش ععٍي ِشحفع‬
 Cutability
 Marbling‫اٌّشِشيت‬
 Mature Body Size:
If various sizes of cattle are fed for the same length of time, cattle with a larger
body size will have faster, more efficient gains, lower marbling, less fat, and
improved cutablity.


Mature cows weigh less than mature bulls.‫س‬ٛ‫ٔعح االٔبد الً ِٓ اٌزو‬
Larger mature size results in: , ‫صْ ٔعح عبٌي‬ٚ
 Heifers being older and/or heavier at puberty ‫غ‬ٍٛ‫صْ عٕذ اٌب‬ٌٛ‫ا‬
‫عبٌي‬
 Heavier birth weights (often associated with difficult calving)
 ‫صْ ِيالد عبٌي‬ٚ
 Faster rate of gain‫ عشيع‬ّٛٔ ‫ِعذي‬
 Heavier weaning weightsَ‫صْ عٕذ اٌفطب‬ٌٛ‫ثميٍت ا‬
 Milk Production

The Main reason for increasing milk production in beef cattle is to
increase weaning weights of calves.َ‫صْ اٌفطب‬ٌٛ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ص‬ٌٍٛ ‫أخبج ٌبٓ وبفي‬
Heavy milk production can be bad—
 Heavy milking cows often produce milk at the expense of their
body functions (they get skinny)
 Thin females are less likely to come into heat and have a harder
time getting pregnant‫اٌشبك‬ٚ ًّ‫بت في اٌح‬ٛ‫صع‬
 Heavy milkers are slow to cycle which lengthens breeding interval
and reduces general reproductive efficiency.‫أخفبض في اٌىفقءة اٌخٕبعٍيت‬
 Muscle Expression

 Leaner meat means more muscle ِٓ ‫ِت‬ٛ‫حٕخح ٌحُ عبٌي إٌع‬
‫ععالث وثيشة‬
 Most breeds that are ranked above average in muscle
expression are also above average in size. ‫ق‬ٛ‫حٕخح ععالث ف‬
‫عػ اٌغالٌت‬ٛ‫ِخ‬
 One concern with beef producers is that muscularity
appears to affect reproductive efficiency (calving difficulties
with bigger calves).‫ ععٍي ِشحفع‬ٌّٕٛ ‫رٌه‬ٚ ‫ِٕخفعت اٌىفقءة اٌخٕبعٍيت‬
 Age at Puberty

 Age at puberty is important because cattle that reach puberty at an
earlier age conceive at an earlier age. These cattle have the
potential to have a long productive life (economically important to
cattle producers)‫ب‬ٙ‫ي خبِيطٗ في حيبح‬ٚ‫اٌمذسة عٍي أخبج ا‬
 Age at puberty is linked to body size, milking potential, genetic
classification, and environmental factors. ُ‫حد‬ٚ ْ‫ص‬ٛ‫غ ِشحبػ ب‬ٍٛ‫اٌب‬
‫ساثيت‬ٌٛ‫ا‬ٚ ‫اًِ اٌبيئيت‬ٛ‫رٌه وٍٗ ِشحبػ ببٌع‬ٚ ٓ‫وفقءة في أخبج اٌٍب‬ٚ
 Smaller cattle with higher milk yield have been known to mature
earlier.
 Cattle exposed to harsh environmental conditions, whose
nutritional requirements are not being met, reach puberty later.
 Cutablity and Marbling

 Cutability is the percent of lean in a slaughter animal and is
directly affected by an animal’s muscle structure and directly
related to nutrition. ‫الن‬ٙ‫إٌّبعبت ٌالعخ‬ٚ ‫حٕخح اٌععالث إٌبعّت‬
 Marbling (intramuscular fat) is often referred to as taste
fat.‫٘ي اٌخي حغّي ببٌّشِشيت‬ٚ ‫ْ بيٓ اٌععالث‬ٌٛٙ‫صيٗ ا‬ٛ‫ح‬ٚ ‫أخشبس‬
 Cattle that mature early and have high milk yields are usually
high in marbling. ‫رٌه‬ٚ ٓ‫عبٌيت أخبج اٌٍب‬ٚ ‫ْ ٔبظدٗ ِبىشا‬ٛ‫االبمبس حى‬
‫سيت‬ٚ‫ِشحبػ بصفت اٌّش‬