Answers   27

Description of Name(s) of any new substance(s) How the change can be

the change formed by the change reversed
19. Milk going sour Sour milk contains lactic acid and other It’s impossible to make sour milk fresh
substances. again.
20. Picking up nails None. Pull the nails off again.
with a magnet
21. Rusting Rust (an oxide coating). In a blast furnace – not easy.
Results
1. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20.
2. 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 17, 19, 21.
Conclusions
1. The first list of changes in the results are physical changes.
2. The second list of changes in the results are chemical changes.

Reversible and irreversible changes (page 108)

Results

Colour before Colour when Colour after Colour after

Substance heating hot cooling water added
Zinc oxide White Yellow White White
Copper carbonate Green Black Black Black
Copper sulfate Blue White White Blue

Conclusions
1. This colour change is a physical change because the change reversed on cooling.
2. This colour change is a chemical change because the change did not reverse on cooling / the change was
permanent.
3. This colour change is a physical change because the change reversed on adding water.

Detecting chemical changes (page 109)

Results table
Colour of the Universal Indicator
Appearance of the limestone after mixing with limestone powder
Before heating White powder Green
After heating White powder Blue
Conclusions
1. The powder’s appearance stays the same.
2. The powder changes from neutral to basic.
Therefore, since new substances are formed, the change must be chemical.
Questions
1. Acidic.
2. CO2