CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY – ZAMBIA

ASSIGNMENT BRIEF AND FEEDBACK FORM

STUDENT No. 077-936

LECTURER: CEPHAS ZULU

MODULE: INFORMATION SYSTEMS

MODULE CODE: ICT113
ASSIGNMENT NUMBER:
DATE HANDED OUT:
DATE DUE IN:

ASSIGNMENT BRIEF

STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS
1. This form must be attached to the front of your assignment.
 2. The assignment must be handed in without fail by submission date (see assessment
schedule for your course)
3. Ensure that submission date is date stamped by the reception stuff when you hand it in.
4. Late submission will not be entertained unless with prior agreement with the tutor
5. All assessable assignments must be word processed.
This assignment is intended to assess the student’s knowledge in all of the following areas.
However, greater emphasis should be given to those item marked with a

(Tutor: - please tick as applicable)

SL ASSESSMENT SKILLS Please Tick
No
1 Good and adequate interpretation of the question

2 Knowledge and application of the relevant theories

3 Use of relevant and practical examples to back up theories

4 Ability to transfer and relate subject topic to each other

5 Application and use of appropriate models

6 Evidence of library research

7 Knowledge of theories

8 Written business English communication skills

9 Use of visual (graphs) communication

10 Self-assessed ‘time management’

11 Evidence of field research

Tutor’s Marks contribution

(Administrative only)
LECTURER’S FEEDBACK
++

Table Of Contents
 HOW CAN SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING BE COMBINED WITH OTHER DIGITAL MARKETING METHODS?

Chances are that you may be running social media and content marketing campaigns separately as part
of your marketing scheme. But have you considered combining them?

Combining your content marketing and social media campaigns increases the number of people you can
reach, while enabling you to connect with people across multiple touchpoints. This can increase brand
awareness significantly.

But how exactly do you seamlessly combine your social media and other digital marketing campaigns?
Consider the following tips:

1. ESTABLISH A COMMON TONE AND IDENTITY

Ensure your business has a solid and consistent brand identity , you need to ensure you merge that with
your social media and other digital marketing campaigns. Both of these domains need to have a
common ground in terms of your brand voice.

However, if you do not have a cohesive business identity, to begin with, you need to develop it before
you combine your social media and other digital marketing strategies. A customer or audience persona
can help you with this. The following image demonstrates what it should look like ideally:

Your customer persona is the perfect representation of your ideal customer.

Your customer persona will help you understand the type of content you should be creating, and is an
important reference point for branding. If your target audience consists of a younger age group, for
instance, you might need to have a casual, pop-culture-influenced brand voice.

Social media proposals can help your customer loyalty and make the relationship more personal. You
see, people are more likely to buy from you if they like what you're selling and browsing through social
channels gives them that opportunity for discovery.

Nike is a perfect example of a brand whose brand identity shows across its content marketing and social
media campaigns. The brand’s content focuses on regular people, athletes and sports teams.
The Instagram channel is filled with interesting content. Often, this content is about regular people who
are physically active - that aligns with their core demographic. They often reshare images from their
audience.

 They also share content featuring well known sports stars.

 The content on the Nike blog covers similar topics. That, alongside content featuring their products,
of course.

The content they share through their social and content channels nicely overlaps. They also run cross
channel marketing campaigns. They do this to get engaged users to jump between marketing channels
according to their digital marketing funnel. It’s an effective way to engage a core audience.

2. MAKE USE OF CROSS- PROMOTION

Cross-promotion doesn't necessarily have to mean delivering the exact same message across all your
social media and content marketing domains. As long as your brand message is the same, the rest will
follow.

Speak to your team and get your employees on board with your brand messaging goals. Use scheduling
software to divide the work once that’s done. There are ways you can promote content across your
content marketing and social media platforms.

If you have new blog posts, share a link on your Facebook or Twitter page so that people can view them
easily. You may even post screenshots of your social media posts in relevant blogs and articles, You can
also incorporate your social media posts onto your website.

Your viewers can help you in cross-promotion, too. Just make sure you make it easy for them to do that.
For example, you can include social media sharing icons on your blog posts like the one in the
screenshot above so viewers can share the content with their network.

CONCLUSION

Combining your social media and content marketing strategies wisely can help your business reach its
potential. So many people globally access both social media and content marketing platforms. When you
connect them, it's only a win-win situation, not just for you but also for your target audience.
Establish a common tone and identity, cross-promote, repurpose your content across channels, and link
your social media account to your website.

Follow these tips, and you’ll optimize the use of your content marketing and social media platforms. The
result? You’ll reach your marketing goals (or even exceed them) and, by extension, your business goals.

Compare and contrast knowledge management systems and expert systems.

A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to
solve complex problems. The term is broad and is used to refer to many different kinds of systems. The
one common theme that unites all knowledge based systems is an attempt to represent knowledge
explicitly via tools such as ontologies and rules rather than implicitly via code the way a conventional
computer program does. A knowledge based system has two types of sub-systems: a knowledge base
and an inference engine. The knowledge base represents facts about the world, often in some form of
subsumption ontology. The inference engine represents logical assertions and conditions about the
world, usually represented via IF-THEN rules.

An expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning about knowledge, represented
primarily as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural code. An expert system is also
divided into two sub-systems: the inference engine and the knowledge base. The knowledge base
represents facts and rules. The inference engine applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new
facts. Inference engines can also include explanation and debugging capabilities.

Contrast between a knowledge based system and an expert system?

Technically an expert system would be a kind of knowledge based system. I think the real difference
would be that expert systems specifically target the knowledge of one or more human domain experts;
whereas, more general knowledge based systems might utilize heuristics other than those specifically
emulating the processes of human domain experts.
WHY WOULD YOU RECOMMEND THE USE OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS) AND DATABASES TO
BE USED BY TOURISM AND PASTORAL FARMING BUSINSSES?

IN TOURISM

1. OPTIMISED ROUTE ALLOCATION

GPS tracking system provides optimised or the most efficient routes for reaching the destination.
This can save unnecessary fuel costs & enhance customer’s satisfaction while also providing a safe &
calm journey in some cases. GPS tracking system saves trip history, and from the data stored, one can
select the most efficient route while avoiding the ones with most obstacles.

2. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

The system displays & stores every details of journey like stops, travel time, fuel stations, garage etc on
the particular route. This data is helpful for managers to predict the Estimated Time of Arrival to a
particular location & inform the tourist the same. Furthermore, it provides details regarding
accommodation, medical services, food places, etc. on the route so that tour manager can inform their
tourist customers, if needed.

3. IDENTIFY UNAUTHORISED USAGE OF VEHICLES

‘Geo-fencing’ feature alerts managers when a vehicle crosses a virtual perimeter, set by the
manager. Thus, if a driver utilises the tourist vehicle without permission, managers receive instant
notification and safety of asset and the tourists can be maintained. Also, the managers receive
notifications each time the vehicle’s Engine Starts/Stops, thus safeguarding the vehicles even more.

4. VEHICLE ALLOCATION
The GPS tracking system provides ‘Live Location’ & ‘Live Tracking’ of every vehicle in the owner’s fleet,
simultaneously. By knowing the location of vehicle, its expected time of arrival to a certain location,
managers can recognise the vehicle that is nearest to specific tourists & allot them
the vehicle. This can save time, enhance customer satisfaction & optimises the productivity of fleet.

5. ACCURATE AND DETAILED TRIP HISTORY

Managers receive detailed trip history including number of stops, number of time driver applied harsh
brakes, over-speeding of vehicles, route taken for journey, etc. The entire journey can be ‘played back’
by the system which enables managers to assess driver behaviour and take decisions accordingly to
ensure productivity of business & safety of tourist customers & assets.

6. REAL TIME DATA AND ALERTS

Tourist vehicle managers receive real time alerts & notifications like ‘Power Cut’, ‘low fuel’ alert,
vibration alert, etc. An SOS button too is provided for drivers to alert the manager in case
of any emergency. Managers can take immediate actions on these notifications to ensure safety of
assets, tourists & drivers. Managers are also alerted for vehicle’s maintenance due date, so that vehicles
are properly serviced to avoid any mishap or difficulty during journey and the customer’s satisfaction is
maintained.

IN PASTORAL FARMING BUSINSSES

The development and implementation of precision agriculture or site-specific farming has been made
possible by combining the Global Positioning System (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS).
These technologies enable the coupling of real-time data collection with accurate position information,
leading to the efficient manipulation and analysis of large amounts of geospatial data. GPS-based
applications in precision farming are being used for farm planning, field mapping, soil sampling, tractor
 guidance, crop scouting, variable rate applications, and yield mapping. GPS allows farmers to work
during low visibility field conditions such as rain, dust, fog, and darkness.

In the past, it was difficult for farmers to correlate production techniques and crop yields with land
variability. This limited their ability to develop the most effective soil/plant treatment strategies that
could have enhanced their production. Today, more precise application of pesticides, herbicides, and
fertilizers, and better control of the dispersion of those chemicals are possible through precision
agriculture, thus reducing expenses, producing a higher yield, and creating a more environmentally
friendly farm.

Precision agriculture is now changing the way farmers and agribusinesses view the land from which they
reap their profits. Precision agriculture is about collecting timely geospatial information on soil-plant-
animal requirements and prescribing and applying site-specific treatments to increase agricultural
production and protect the environment. Where farmers may have once treated their fields uniformly,
they are now seeing benefits from micromanaging their fields. Precision agriculture is gaining in
popularity largely due to the introduction of high technology tools into the agricultural community that
are more accurate, cost effective, and user friendly. Many of the new innovations rely on the integration
of on-board computers, data collection sensors, and GPS time and position reference systems.

Many believe that the benefits of precision agriculture can only be realized on large farms with huge
capital investments and experience with information technologies. Such is not the case. There are
inexpensive and easy-to-use methods and techniques that can be developed for use by all farmers.
Through the use of GPS, GIS, and remote sensing, information needed for improving land and water use
can be collected. Farmers can achieve additional benefits by combining better utilization of fertilizers
and other soil amendments, determining the economic threshold for treating pest and weed
infestations, and protecting the natural resources for future use.

GPS equipment manufacturers have developed several tools to help farmers and agribusinesses become
more productive and efficient in their precision farming activities. Today, many farmers use GPS-derived
products to enhance operations in their farming businesses. Location information is collected by GPS
receivers for mapping field boundaries, roads, irrigation systems, and problem areas in crops such as
weeds or disease. The accuracy of GPS allows farmers to create farm maps with precise acreage for field
 areas, road locations and distances between points of interest. GPS allows farmers to accurately
navigate to specific locations in the field, year after year, to collect soil samples or monitor crop
conditions.

EXPLAIN 7 TECNOLOGIES THAT MAKE E COMMERCE POSSIBLE IN ZAMBIA

 Pricing Tools
In competitive markets, quickly adjusting prices to align them with those practiced by the competition
can also make all the difference in the rates of conversion. With pricing tools, you can compare prices in
real time of its products and those of its competitors, as well as the stock availability and shipping
conditions offered by them.

In possession of this information, it is possible to make manual changes to the sales values or, more
commonly, configure the virtual store so that prices are automatically changed based on this movement
of the competition. This guarantees the competitiveness in markets with a large number of operators.

 Monitoring of social networks

O social media monitoring allows you to have a more effective control of your brand image in the
market, allowing quick actions in crisis situations and increasing interaction with consumers and brand
lovers. This facilitates retention and brings positive effects to the credibility of your business.

This technology allows, for example, you to easily find mentions of your company on social networks
and interact with users in an agile and organized way.

 Indicator analysis tools

There is no way to improve the performance of your sales channels without a deep understanding of
your target audience's behavior. Therefore, tools for analysis of indicators focused on digital commerce
can offer powerful insights by gathering data not only about the hearing on your website, as well as on
your navigation patterns.

Completely comprehensive, these reports provide highly technical analysis in an intuitive way. In this
way, they allow you to identify consumer habits and preferences, as well as recognize pages and
products that suffer the greatest rejection, guiding decision making based on real data.
 Two excellent tools for audience analysis and navigation are the Google Analytics and the
Hotjarrespectively.

 Payment Integration Systems

In addition to good prices, the ease of payment is one of the factors that most encourage consumers to
make a purchase decision. Therefore, offering several options for financial transactions is essential for
virtual stores that do not want to lose competitiveness.

In this scenario, a integrated payment system, which allows you to offer the most varied forms of
payment without reducing your profitability, may be one of the missing technologies to increase the
performance of your virtual store.

 Blockchains
A kind of decentralized database containing the transactions or interactions carried out between the
parties involved, the blockchain, or data chaining, is another important resource for e-commerce
companies that want to guarantee the security of their operations.

this technology decreases the chances of hacker attacks as it distributes information into record blocks
that are linked together, creating a permanent, tamper-proof database.

Another difference is that this type of bank is not controlled by just a few authorities or bodies — as is
traditionally the case — but by the participants in the operations themselves, and no changes can be
made without the consent of the majority.

This trend touches on a fundamental point for anyone dealing with online retail: data security. This is
because e-commerce requires the handling of sensitive information, such as personal data, document
and credit card numbers, which require more and more care.

 Remarketing
O remarketing is a very useful technology resource and increasingly used to close sales with leads who
have already visited your online store, but for some reason have not completed the purchase.

With this mechanism, it is possible to attract ou recover consumers, across Sponsored ads of items that
they have already viewed while doing other product searches or simply browsing the internet.
This type of strategy is done by collecting data through cookies. Thus, it is possible to identify consumer
interactions to impact them in the most assertive way. The feature is available on major paid media
channels such as Google Ads, Facebook Ads e Instagram Ads.

 Augmented reality
Another technology for e-commerce that is increasingly on the rise is Augmented Reality, since with it it
is possible to provide the consumer with the physical experience without leaving the online.

Access to this technology and a smartphone in hand is enough for the consumer to be able to visualize
how they would look dressed in a particular blouse or if a sofa would look cool in the living room.

This feature also makes it possible to better examine products and their details, even without being
physically close to them.

OPTIONS OF ACQUIRING ICT SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS

 ICT can be an option for distance learning E platform especially for students who maybe pre
occupied (working class ) .Distance learning is an open learning sys which attracts students from
different cultural backgrounds or locality . the main objective is to ensure that the learners do not
feel isolated from learning and to ensure that the people obtaining knowledge using the online
platform overcome limitation or restriction and learn adequately .
 ICT can be help with agriculture for crop management systems farmers are able updated with all
recent information like weather patterns and new and improved ways for enhancing crop
production and quality .
 ICT can be used in the health sector for medical reports for easier access , reliability efficiency and
action .
 ICT can be used for finance control planning evaluation and decision making plus auditing .
 ICT can be used to enhance entertainment in music tv platforms for branding and marketing .
 The main difference between MICRO , MINI and MACRO computers

 Micro Computer :Micro Computer, as name suggests, is a personal computer that is specially
designed for personal use and generally consists of single chip that is CPU, data memory, I/O buses,
etc. It can be used by one person at a time. Its type includes tablet and smartphone
microcomputers, desktop micro computers, workstation and server microcomputers, etc.

Example : Laptop, desktop, IBM-PC, etc.

 Mini Computer :Mini Computer, as name suggests, is a type of computer that offers most features
and capabilities that large computer generally offers. It generally supports multiple users at a time
so one can say that it is a multiprocessing system. It is a smaller computer designed for business
applications and services, and also can do time-sharing, batch processing, online processing, etc.

Example : AS/400 computers, Motorola 68040, MV 1500etc.

 CONCLUSION

Minicomputers are mainly used for administrative tasks, word processing, process control, etc.
Microcomputers are mainly used for managing databases, graphics, word processing, and also
Information creativity technology has had a huge impact worldwide and the nation at large. ICT
has brought a lot of benefits such as making communication easy making people from different
continents communicate even shopping has been improved . Economies have been boosted
with some help from ICT.

REFRENCES
CURATOR.IO
SBACCOUNTING.COM.NG
WWW.EDUCBA.COM