DIVISION OF GEN.

TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – AS in English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

Name: _______________________________________ Grade & Section: __________________

ACTIVITY SHEET #2: Understanding Text Structure

GEAR UP
MELC: Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs

After the learners have finished answering this activity sheet, they will be able to:
1. define an academic text;
2. determine the text structure of academic text; and
3. use knowledge of academic text structure to gather the information needed using a graphic
organizer

ENGAGE
The Academic Text
An academic text is a reading material that provides information which include concepts
and theories that are related to the specific discipline. Some purposes of reading academic texts is
to locate a main idea, to scan for information, to identify gaps in existing studies, to connect new
ideas to existing ones, to gain more pieces of information, to support a particular writing
assignment, and to deeply understand an existing idea.
Examples of Academic Texts:
a. Conference Papers
b. Articles
c. Reviews
d. Theses/Dissertations

You can use common styles in writing an academic text such as stating critical questions
and issues, providing facts and evidence from credible sources, using precise and accurate words
while avoiding jargon, taking an objective point of view, listing references, and using cautious
language.

Structure of an Academic Text

1. the thesis/argumentative structure
The writer presents a “thesis” (or main idea), which is his/her position on a certain
subject, then proceeds by giving supporting details that supports the main idea.
Parts of the thesis/argumentative structure
a. Introduction. Where the writer presents his/her topic and his/her main
argument on the topic. The thesis statement is usually given at the beginning of
an essay but may also be given at the end.
b. Major details or points. There may be one or more main sections or points
which serve as supporting details to the thesis statement or main idea.
c. Minor details or points. Each major detail may be supported one or more
supporting details.
d. Conclusion. In the final paragraph(s), the writer may summarize the ideas
presented in the essay and present his/her conclusion on the subject.

2. the problem-solution structure

Here, the writer presents the problem and lists possible solutions to the problem.
An example of this structure is the scientific method. The scientific method is defined as “a
way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing
experiments.”

3. factual report structure

The writer presents the: who, what, where, when, why, and how of an event.
Examples of factual reports are narratives and newspaper articles.
*Please see sources used in References

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – AS in English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

TEST
Directions: Read the article written by Anna Mikaela Lapus. Then, write down the
essential statements of the introduction, major detail/points, minor details/points,
and conclusion. Follow the format below.
Taft Avenue is a very busy part of Metro Manila. Because of the fast-paced living in
the area, it is possible that condominium living has been the trend for many due to the
convenience it provides to inhabitants in going to business and education districts such as
Manila, Quezon City, and Makati. The increase in condominiums around the area could
also be a result of the density of people, predominantly students, given that De La Salle
University, one of the country's top universities, is located along Taft Avenue. Is the
establishment of condominiums along Taft avenue considered detrimental or beneficial?
Establishment of condominium units along these areas of the city like Taft avenue, is
beneficial to many in terms of convenience and comfort.

It is probable that most of these students would prefer condominium living rather
than traveling from home to school and vice versa which, for the case of some, can be
costly. In addition, not only students but also other individuals might consider it favorable
to live in an area where everything they could possibly need is easily accessible. Opposing
parties might say that the establishments of condominiums pose more disadvantages than
benefits. Some may argue that condominium living is not an ideal way of living and the
people prefer something more quiet, peaceful. As Cortez 2007 puts it, “condominium living
is not always desirable for some people and the noise level generated by living in close
proximity to others can influence some buyers close”. Some say that condominium living is
not ideal for growing families. Regarding health concerns, research done by Harrison (n.d.)
indicates that the city is a most polluted area with several factors contributing to the
pollution: “noise pollution, tobacco smoke, vehicle emissions, acid rain, industrial run-off
sewage disposal, domestic waste, herbicides, and pesticides. Most of the time,
environmental studies in the city are horribly low and health risk higher.

While there are some disadvantages, the benefits of condominium living outweigh the
alternatives. Modern society involves city living, for which condominium provides an
opportunity. Not only does condominium living provide the convenience and comfort that
most people want in their lifestyle, but it seems perfect for those who prefer things cheaper
and hassle-free.
Source: Valdez, P. M. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series English for Academic and Professional Purposes. The Phoenix
Publishing House Inc.

Structure Condominium Living

Introduction

Major details/points

Minor details/points

Conclusion

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – AS in English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

REINFORCE
Directions: Study the sentences below. Identify if each statement correctly describes an
academic text structure. If not, revised each statement to make it correct. Write the word
CORRECT if the statement needs no revision.
1. One of the purposes of reading an academic text is to be entertained and to broaden one’s
vocabulary.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. An academic text makes use of complex jargons to promote a higher level of comprehension.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. It uses words which tones up claims expressing certainty that is merely based on the writer’s
opinions.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. It helps fill existing gaps between information.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. An academic text observes a format.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Reading academic texts help acquire new information.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. An academic text needs less concentration and focus because the issues and questions are
simple.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. It is in academic text that issues are stated to provoke information discussion.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. A magazine is an example of an academic text.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. The use of language is less considered in writing an academic text.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

INTEGRATE
Directions: Below is an example of a factual report structure. Read the news article carefully.
Respond to the article by writing an essay. Use the four-part argumentative structure you have
learned in the lesson, write your response to the article. Be guided by the given rubric found
on the next page.

Child car seats required starting February 2

FEB 1, 2021 6:07 PM PHT
AIKA REY
The Land Transportation Office (LTO) will set up fitting
stations for child car seats within February, as these restraint
systems will be required beginning Tuesday, February 2.
In an interview with TeleRadyo on Monday, February 1,
LTO Metro Manila Director Clarence Guinto said enforcers are
being trained to install child car seats.

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – AS in English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

"This February, we are now putting up fiting installation stations in our district offices. When schools open, we
will also put up fitting stations there to educate motorists," said Guinto in a mix of English and Filipino.
Republic Act No. 11229 or the Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act covers children 12 years old and below. The
mandatory provisions under the law are taking effect in 2021 or one year after the implementing rules and regulations
became effective in 2020.
Children below 4 feet and 11 inches are not allowed to sit in the front seat. A restraint system appropriate for
the weight, height, and age of a child must be installed in motor vehicles.
When asked if a "tall" 12-year-old child should still sit in a booster seat, Guinto said parents should probably
have "larger cars." He later apologized for his remarks and clarified that children with a height of above 4 feet and
11 inches are exempted from using a car seat.
The LTO said there will be no apprehensions yet for violations of the law, as information dissemination must still
take place.
Once the LTO starts apprehensions, violators will be fined P1,000 to P5,000 and the driver's license may be
suspended for a year for the 3rd and succeeding offenses.
Manufacturers and retailers of car seats will be fined not less than P50,000 and not more than P100,000 for
each substandard product manufactured or sold.
According to the World Health Organization, a child restraint system can drastically reduce the risk of injury for
children 0 to 4 years old. When these children have a rear-facing restraint on, the risk of injury is lessened by up to
80%, while those with only a seat belt on have a lessened risk of injury of only 32%.
Data from the Philippine Statistics Authority show that an average of 667 children died every year from 2006 to
2015 due to road crashes. – Rappler.com

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – AS in English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

Essay Rubric
CRITERIA ADVANCED PROFICIENT LEARNING BEGINNER TOTAL
(4 pts.) (3 pts.) (2 pts.) (1 pt.)
The paragraph clearly
An opinion is not clearly stated, The opinion is not easily
states an opinion / The paragraph states an opinion
Content and there is little reference to understood and there is
assertion about the / assertion about the topic.
the topic. reference to the topic.
topic.
Word choice is creative
Word choice enhances the There is evidence of attention to
Word Choice and enhances the Word choice is limited.
paragraph. word choice.
paragraph.
There are few errors in grammar, There are several errors in There are numerous errors in
Grammar, There are no errors in
mechanics, and/or spelling, but grammar, mechanics, and/or grammar, mechanics, and/or
Mechanics, and grammar, mechanics
they do not interfere with spelling that somehow affect spelling that greatly affect
Spelling and/or spelling.
understanding. understanding. understanding.

ASSESS
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it
before each number.
1. Which one is NOT an example of an academic text?
a. articles b. conference papers c. novels
2. What is one purpose of reading an academic text?
a. to unlock unfamiliar words
b. to identify gaps in existing studies
c. to discover other people’s culture/tradition
3. What could be a good style in writing an academic text?
a. state critical questions and issues
b. use wide range of jargons
c. provide different opinions from other people/social media platforms
4. What is an academic text?
a. a written paper devoted to a discussion of one side of an issue
b. a document that needs different approaches of data collection and treatment
c. a reading material that provides information which include concepts and theories that
are related to the specific discipline
5. What are the three structures of an academic text?
a. Introduction, Major/Minor points, and Conclusion
b. Thesis/Argumentative, Problem-Solution, and Factual Report
c. Unity, Coherence, and Brevity
6. What is the purpose of a “thesis” or main idea in an academic text?
a. It presents the position of the writer on a certain subject.
b. It will tell what the paragraph is all about.
c. It gives possible solutions to the problem presented.
7. What structure is used in a scientific report?
a. the thesis/argumentative structure
b. the problem-solution structure
c. the factual report structure
8. What are the parts of a/an thesis/argumentative structure?
a. Introduction, Major/Minor points, and Conclusion
b. Thesis/Argumentative, Problem-Solution, and Factual Report
c. Unity, Coherence, and Brevity
9. What is true about the Introduction?
a. There may be one or more main sections or points which serve as supporting details to
the thesis statement or main idea
b. The writer may summarize the ideas presented in the essay and present his/her
conclusion on the subject.
c. This is where the writer presents his/her topic and his/her main argument on the topic.
10. What part summarizes the ideas presented in the essay?
a. Introduction b. Major/Minor points c. Conclusion
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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – AS in English for Academic and Professional Purposes
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

SHARPEN
Directions: Complete the paragraph with the necessary words or sentences that best describe
what you have learned from the discussion. Write your paragraph below.

I have learned that academic writing

References:
Valdez, P. M. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series English for Academic and Professional Purposes. The Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
Villacuatro, J. R. (2016, December 3). Academic text style and structure. Slideshare.Net. https://www.slideshare.net/jellianerosedinorog/academic-text-style-and-
structure
Rey, A. (2021, February 2). Child car seats required starting February 2. Rappler.
https://www.rappler.com/nation/child-car-seats-required-starting-february-2-2021?fbclid=IwAR2Y_5V9vL8dbgGglTCtWEKTOXEiowF9A__dTl5K6sbyk_QVAl1vjHcR4zc

TEACHER’S FEEDBACK

SELF-MONITORING
Name of Learner: Subject:
Grade & Section: Teacher:
For Learners (Please complete the statements.)
The part of the activity sheet that I found
very difficult to answer …

The part of the activity sheet that I found

very easy to answer …

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For Parents (Please check one.)

My son / daughter was able to do all the exercises in
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