CLIPPER BULK − CLEANING MANUAL June 2006

Introduction Version 1.0

Important Confidentiality Notice

Much time and effort has been spent by the Clipper Group to compile this hold
cleaning manual. We are providing it to you for your assistance, but please note that it
is for your use only. No part of this manual should be copied, faxed or duplicated in any
way. It should not be distributed to any other party, and nobody should be permitted to
remove it from the vessel for any reason, without Clipper’s consent.

When handing over to another Captain, please make him aware of this manual, and
that it is for his use during his period of command. At the end of our charter or if your
vessel is being sold, this manual should be returned by mail to the following address:

Clipper Bulk A/S

Harbour House
Sundkrogsgade 21
DK - 2100 Copenhagen
Denmark

Phone: +45 4911 8000

Fax: +45 4915 0051
E-mail: cdaopr@clipper-group.com

The purpose of this manual is twofold:

1. To provide crews and vessel operators guidance for effectively cleaning dry-bulk
vessel’s cargo holds of previous cargo residue in preparation for their next cargo.

2. To provide vessel operators and chartering managers with information to consider

before making fixtures and for preparing voyage budget calculations.

Hold cleaning is a technical skill. It requires knowledge of the characteristics of the

residue to be removed, the equipment to be used for cleaning, cleaning chemicals, and
safety issues.

Hold cleaning can represent a significant portion of the crew’s maintenance time and
efforts. Failure to have holds clean can result in significant delays and require
expensive shore labor and equipment to remedy. Vessels with holds in poor condition
may be unable to trade in profitable cargoes that require a high degree of cleanliness.

Keeping holds clean reduces the rate of corrosion on areas of bare steel and also
helps to prevent deterioration or further damage of the coating. This has become an
increasingly important issue to Classification societies due to requirements for
increased scrutiny (up-close inspections and gaugings) of hold surfaces and structural
members.

Cleaning Manual / Introduction Page 1

Confidentiality Notice
This document is strictly confidential and is solely for the use of the intended recipient. No part of this document may be photocopied or faxed or
reproduced in any way or distributed to any other party, without the express written consent of Clipper Bulk A/S.
CLIPPER BULK − CLEANING MANUAL June 2006

Introduction Version 1.0

Corrosion and Paint Coatings

The primary function of hold coatings is to suppress the corrosion of steel. Corrosion
can lead to damage or structural failure of hull members. A secondary function is to
protect the cargo from contamination by bare steel.

Corrosion reduces the value of the ship. Steel or coating repairs and cargo claims can
be very expensive and involve considerable off-hire time. The safety issues regarding
a damaged hull structure are obvious.

Iron and steel are not to be found in a natural state. They are extracted from the iron
oxide in ore by heating iron ore, along with coal or coke, in a blast furnace. This
process induces energy into the iron ore, some of which is retained by the iron or steel
produced. The laws of nature governing conservation of energy require that,
eventually, balance must be restored by the return of the unstable metal (e.g., steel) to
its oxidized state. The oxidized state of steel is rust (corrosion) which is chemically the
same as iron ore.

Corrosion is an electrochemical process involving the flow of stored energy in steel as

it returns to an oxidized state. This flow of energy is similar to that found in a car
battery whereby energy flows from the zinc anode (-) to the carbon cathode (+) through
an acid electrolyte.

When steel is magnified, it can be seen that the surface is very uneven with pits and
peaks. Although the process is somewhat more complicated, the pits in the steel act as
the anodes, the peaks as the cathodes, and moisture on the surface of the steel as the
electrolyte. Salts, impurities, and oxygen are also part of the process. Many cargoes
have chemical properties that accelerate this process.

To control corrosion, you must stop the flow of energy by isolating the steel from the
electrolyte with a protective barrier. This barrier is paint. The most effective hold paints
are epoxy based. Of the many formulations of epoxy paints available, those that
feature the characteristics of hardness, abrasion resistance, and a smooth, glossy
surface are the easiest to clean.

However, epoxy paints with these features are typically more expensive and require a
higher standard of surface preparation before application than other formulations.

Clean holds with well maintained coatings will make a favorable impression on
surveyors and customers and add to the profitability of the ship.

Cleaning Manual / Introduction Page 2

Confidentiality Notice
This document is strictly confidential and is solely for the use of the intended recipient. No part of this document may be photocopied or faxed or
reproduced in any way or distributed to any other party, without the express written consent of Clipper Bulk A/S.
CLIPPER BULK − CLEANING MANUAL June 2006

Introduction Version 1.0

Attached CD-ROM
Please find attached on the inner back of the Cleaning Manual folder a CD-ROM
comprising:

1) A folder named “Cleaning Manual 2006_PDF” containing all documents in PDF

format
2) A file named “rp505enu” containing the program Adobe Reader (for Windows 2000)

If, for some reason, you need to print documents on board, insert the CD-ROM into the
CD-ROM drive on your computer.

If you do not already have the programme Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your
computer, you can install it by clicking on the icon “rp505enu”.

Click ‘Run’ and the Adobe Acrobat Reader Setup opens.

Follow the installation guide and instructions.

After Adobe Reader has been successfully installed on your computer (an Adobe
Reader 5.0 icon can be seen on your desktop) you can now open and print the PDF
files.

Cleaning Manual / Introduction Page 3

Confidentiality Notice
This document is strictly confidential and is solely for the use of the intended recipient. No part of this document may be photocopied or faxed or
reproduced in any way or distributed to any other party, without the express written consent of Clipper Bulk A/S.