I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

CHAPTER 3: MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS A PLASMA MEMBRANE

2
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Effect of isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions

on animal cells and plant cells

Plant cell

Animal cell

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane

3

Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic solution.
Animal cell
Animal cell expands, and may
brust (haemolysis/lysis)
The shape of the animal cells is
normal, and the size of the cell
remains unchanged.
Animal cell shrinks, crenation
occurs.
Comparison between passive transport and active transport.
I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE
Solution Plant cell
HYPOTONIC Plant cell appear turgid, the vacuole
expands, and cytoplasm/plasma
The concentration of solutes membrane pushes against the cell wall
in the solution is lower than
that in the cytoplasm of the The cell is turgor. Due to the turgor
cells. pressure.
In a hypotonic solution, water
diffuse into the cells by
osmosis, down a water
potential gradient.
ISOTONIC Plant cell become flaccid. The shape and
the size of the cell remains unchanged.
The concentration of solutes
in the solution is same as that
in the cytoplasm of the cells.
In an isotonic solution, water
diffuses into and out of the
cells at same rate (no net
movement of water).
HYPERTONIC Vacuole becomes smaller. cytoplams
shrinks, and its plasma membrane pulls
The concentration of solutes away from cell wall.
in the solution is higher than
The cell becomes plasmolysed and plant
that in the cytoplasm of the
becomes wilt.
cells.
If the cell is transferred to a hypotonic
In a hypertonic solution,
solution, the cell becomes turgid again,
water diffuse out of the
deplasmolysis occurs.
vacuole cell by osmosis,
down a water potential
gradient.
4
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Passive transport Active transport

Both moving a substance across a membrane

Both occurs through selectively permeable membrane

Energy not required Energy required

Occurs following the concentration Occurs against the concentration of

of the gradient the gradient

Occurs until a dynamic equilibrium There are accumulation and

is achieved disposal of molecules or ions

SIMILARITIES :

DIFFERENCES :

SOALAN OBJEKTIF

5
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma. Apakah struktur berlabel X?
Diagram 1 shows structure of protein plasma membrane. What is the structure labelled
X?

Rajah 1
Diagram 1
A. Protein liang C. Glikoprotein
Channel protein Glycoprotein
B. Kolesterol D. Protein pembawa
Cholesterol Carrier protein

2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma.

Diagram 2 shows the structure of a plasma membrane.

Rajah 2
Diagram 2
Manakah antara molekul berikut dapat merentasi P?
Which of the following molecules can pass through P?

6
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

A Ion bercas
Charged ion
B Air
Water
C Asid amino
Amino acids

3. Antara maklumat berikut, manakah benar tentang contoh bahan larut lipid dan bahan
tidak larut lipid yang bergerak merentas membran plasma?
Which of the following information is true about lipid soluble substance and lipid
insoluble substance which move across plasma membrane?

Bahan larut lipid Bahan tidak larut lipid

Lipid soluble substance Lipid insoluble substance
A Asid lemak Glukosa
Fatty acid Glucose
B Gliserol Vitamin E
Glycerol Vitamin E
C Air Asid amino
Water Amino acid
D Steroid Oksigen
Steroid Oxygen

4. Apakah proses yang terlibat dalam penyerapan semula glukosa dan air dalam ginjal?
What are the processes involved in the reabsorption of glucose and water in the kidney?
Glukosa Air
Glucose Water
A. Pengangkutan pasif Osmosis
Passive transport Osmosis
B. Pengangkutan aktif Osmosis
Active transport Osmosis

7
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

C. Resapan berbantu Pengangkutan aktif

Facilitated diffusion Active transport
D. Osmosis Resapan berbantu
Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

5. Rajah 3 di bawah menunjukkan proses pergerakan bahan merentas membran plasma.

Diagram 3 below shows a movement process of substance across plasma membrane.

Rajah 3
Diagram 3

Berdasarkan rajah di atas, manakah antara penyataan yang berikut adalah benar
tentang proses itu?
Based on the diagram shown above, which of the following statements is true about
the process?
A Proses tersebut berlaku pada sel yang mengandungi mitokondria
The process occurs at the cell that has mitochondria
B Ions sahaja yang merentas membran plasma melalui proses ini
Only ions move across plasma membrane through this process
C Antara tisu-tisu yang menjalani proses ini adalah xylem.
Among tissues which undergone this process is xylem
D Bahan yang menjalani proses ini akan melalui protein liang dan protein
pembawa
Substance that undergoes this process will pass through pore protein and
carrier protein.

8
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

6. Jadual 1 menunjukkan jisim awal dan jisim akhir jalur ubi kentang selepas direndam
dalam larutan sukrosa yang berbeza kepekatan.
Table 1 shows the initial mass and the final mass of the potato strips after being
immersed into the different concentration of sucrose solution.
Jisim jalur ubi kentang (g)
Larutan mass of the potato strips (g)
Solution Jisim awal Jisim akhir
initial mass final mass
P 1.4 1.2
Q 1.4 1.3
R 1.4 1.4
S 1.4 1.8
Jadual 1
Table 1
Yang manakah antara berikut adalah larutan hipotonik ?
Which of the following are hypotonic solution?
A Larutan P
Solution P
B Larutan Q
Solution Q
C Larutan R
Solution R
D Larutan S
Solution S

9
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

7. Rajah 4 di bawah menunjukkan Kalium (IV) Manganese dititiskan ke dalam sebikar

air suling.
Diagram 4 below shows Potassium (IV) Manganese dropped into a beaker of distilled
water.

Kalium (IV) Manganese

Potassium (IV) Manganese

Air Suling
Distilled Water

Rajah 4
Diagram 4
Cadangkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada air suling selepas 1 minit
Suggest what will happen to the distilled water after 1 minute
A Molekul Kalium (IV) Manganese akan berkumpul di bahagian dasar air suling
di dalam bikar
Potassium (IV) Manganese molecules will accumulate at the bottom of the
distilled water in the beaker
B Molekul Kalium (IV) Manganese akan meresap ke seluruh bahagian air suling
di dalam bikar
Potassium (IV) Manganese molecules will diffuse to all part of the distilled
water in the beaker
C Molekul Kalium (IV) Manganese akan terapung di bahagian permukaan air
suling di dalam bikar
Potassium (IV) Manganese molecules will float at the surface of the distilled
water in the beaker
D Molekul Kalium (IV) Manganese akan berkumpul di bahagian tengah air suling
di dalam bikar
Potassium (IV) Manganese molecules will accumulate at the middle of the
distilled water in the beaker

10
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

8. Rajah 5 menunjukkan keadaan eritrosit sebelum dan selepas direndam ke dalam

larutan P.
Diagram 5 shows the condition of erythrocytes before and after being immersed in
solution P.

Sebelum Selepas
Before After
Rajah 5
Diagram 5
Apakah larutan P dan proses yang terlibat?
What is solution P and the process involved?
Larutan Proses
Solution Process
A Hipotonik Krenasi
Hypotonic Crenation
B Hipertonik Krenasi
Hypertonic Crenation
C Hipotonik Hemolisis
Hypotonic Haemolysis
D Hipertonik Hemolisis
Hypertonic Haemolysis

11
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

9. Rajah 6 menunjukkan sel tumbuhan yang telah direndam ke dalam larutan

sukrosa 30%.
Diagram 6 shows a plant cell that has been immersed into 30% sucrose solution.

Rajah 6
Diagram 6
Manakah antara yang berikut menunjukkan perubahan pada sel tumbuhan tersebut?
Which of the following shows the changes on the plant cell?
I Sel mengalami deplasmolysis
The cell is deplasmolysed
II Membran plasma tertarik daripada dinding sel
The plasma membrane is detached from the cell wall
III Ruang vakuol di dalam sel dipenuhi dengan larutan sukrosa 30%
The vacuole in the cell is filled with 30% sucrose solution.
IV Ruang di antara membran plasma dan dinding sel dipenuhi oleh larutan sukrosa 30%
The space between the plasma membrane and the cell wall is filled with 30%
sucrose solution.
A I dan II sahaja C II dan IV sahaja
I and II only II and IV only
B II dan IV sahaja D III dan IV sahaja
II and IV only III and IV only

12
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

10. Rajah 7 menunjukkan keadaan sel Y selepas direndam dalam 30% larutan sukrosa.
Diagram 7 shows condition of cell Y after being immersed in 30% sucrose solution.

Rajah 7
Diagram 7
Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan keadaan sel Y selepas direndam dalam air
suling?
Which of the following shows the condition of cell Y after being immersed in distilled
water?
A. C.

B. D.

11. Seorang pekebun menanam tumbuhan herba di dalam pasu dengan menggunakan
tanah dari kawasan paya bakau. Selepas beberapa hari, dia dapati tumbuhan itu layu.
Apakah yang menyebabkan kelayuan tumbuhan itu?
A gardener planted an herbaceous plant in a pot with soil taken from the mangrove
swamp. After a few days he found that the plant wilted. What the cause of the wilting
of plant?
A Kurang pengudaraan dalam tanah
Less aeration in the soil
B Terlalu banyak baja dalam tanah
Too much fertiliser in the soil
C Air tanah adalah hipertonik terhadap sel-sel akar
The soil water is hypertonic to the root cells
D Terlalu sedikit tanah di dalam pasu
Too little soil in the pot

13
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

SOALAN STRUKTUR
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma berdasarkan model mozek bendalir.
Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of plasma membrane based on the fluid mosaic
model.

Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.1
(a) Namakan bahagian berlabel X, Y dan Z.
Name the parts labelled as X, Y and Z.
X : ………………………………………………………………………………..

Y : ………………………………………………………………………………..

Z : ………………………………………………………………………………..

[3 markah ]
[3 marks]
(b) Berikan satu contoh bahan yang boleh bergerak melalui bahagian X.
Terangkan ciri-ciri bahan tersebut berkaitan dengan keupayaan ini.
Give one example of substance that can move across part X.
Explain the characteristic of the substance related to this ability.
…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 markah ]
[ 2 marks]

14
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(c) Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sel rambut tumbuhan R dan zarah-zarah tanah di
sekelilingnya.
Diagram 1.2 shows root hair cell of plant R and the surrounding soil particles.

Rajah 1.2
Diagram 1.2
(i) Namakan proses pengangkutan di mana sel rambut akar menyerap air.
Name the transport process by which root hair cells absorb water.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 markah ]
[1 mark]

(ii) Suatu tumbuhan diberi baja secara berlebihan. Terangkan kesan baja berlebihan
ke atas proses yang dinyatakan pada (c) (i) .
A plant is given excessive fertiliser. Explain the effect of excessive fertiliser on
the process mentioned in (c) (i).
…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 markah ]
[ 2 marks]

15
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

2. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan struktur membrane plasma berdasarkan model mozek bendalir.
Diagram 2.1 shows the structure of the plasma membrane based on the fluid
mosaic.model

Rajah 2.1
Diagram 2.1

(a) (i) Namakan struktur berlabel X.

Name the structure labelled X.

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 markah ]
[1 mark]

(ii) Nyatakan satu ciri struktur X.

State one characteristic of structure X.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 markah ]
[ 1 marks]

(b) (i) Dengan menggunakan anak panah pada rajah, tunjukkan bagaimana ion
kalsium bergerak merentasi membran plasma.
Using arrow in Diagram 2.1, show how sodium ions move across the plasma
membrane.

16
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(ii) Terangkan jawapan anda.

Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[3 markah]
[ 3 marks]

(c) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan seekor ikan laut yang disimpan dalam akuarium yang
berisi air tawar.
Diagram 2.2 shows a sea fish kept in an aquarium filled with freshwater.

Rajah 2.2
Diagram 2.2
Selepas beberapa jam, ikan tersebut mati. Terangkan.
After a few hours, the fish died. Explain.
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 markah]
[ 2 marks]

17
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(d) Jadual 1 menunjukkan julat aras glukosa darah seorang individu yang sihat dan
individu yang mempunyai diabetes.
Table 1 shows the blood glucose level range of a healthy individual and a diabetic
individual.

Aras glukosa darah (mmol/L)

Blood glucose level (mmol/L)

Individu sihat Individu diabetes

Healthy individual Diabetic individual
< 7.0 > 7.0

Jadual 1
Table 1

Terangkan kesan aras glukosa darah yang tinggi terhadap sel darah merah
individu yang mempunyai diabetes.
Explain the effect of high blood glucose level on the red blood cells of the
diabetic individual.
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 markah ]
[2 marks]

18
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

3. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pergerakan bahan P merentasi membran palsma dari alveolus ke
dalam kapilari darah .
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pergerakan bahan Q merentasi membran plasma ke dalam sel
akar rambut.
Diagram 3.1 shows the movement of substance P through the plasma membrane from
alveolus into the blood capillary.
Diagram 3.2 shows the movement of substance Q through the plasma membrane into the
root hair cells.

Rajah 3.1 Rajah 3.2

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

(a) Namakan jenis proses yang terlibat dalam pergerakan bahan P dan bahan Q.
Name the type of process which involves in the movement of substance P and
substance Q.

Bahan P : Substance P : ………………………………………………………….

Bahan Q : Substance Q : …………………………………………………………..

[2 markah ]
[ 2 marks]

(b) Nyatakan dua perbezaan proses-proses yang dinyatakan pada (a) dari aspek
keperluan tenaga dan arah pergerakan bahan.
State two differences of the process mentioned in (a) from the aspect energy
requirement and direction of substances.

19
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(c) Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan kaedah penyediaan kepingan kentang rangup buatan
sendiri.
Diagram 3.3 shows the steps in preparing home made crispy potato chips.

Langkah 1 : Langkah 2 :
Step 1 : Step 2 :
Potong kentang kepada kepingan. Rendamkan kepingan kentang ke dalam
Cut potato into slices. larutan garam.
Immerse the potato slices into salt solution.

20
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Langkah 3 : Langkah 4 :
Step 3 : Step 4 :
Bilas beberapa kali dan keringkan Goreng kepingan kentang dalam minyak
kepingan kentang. panas yang panas
Rinse slices of potato a few times Fry slices of potato in hot oil.
and dry the potato slices.

Rajah 3.3
Diagram 3.3
Pada pendapat anda, langkah manakah yang mengaplikasikan konsep pergerakan
bahan merentasi membran plasma dalam penyediaan kepingan kentang rangup?
Terangkan jawapan anda.
In your opinion, which step applies the concept of movement of substances across
the plasma membrane in the preparation of crispy potato chips?
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 markah ]
[ 3 marks]
(d) Seorang suri rumah menggunakan sabut kelapa untuk menanam pokok orkid
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.4.
A housewife uses the coconut husk to plant the orchid as shown in Diagram 3.4.

Rajah 3.4
Diagram 3.4

21
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

Mengapakah sabut kelapa digunakan untuk menanam pokok orkid tersebut?

Why coconut husk being used to plant the orchid?
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 markah ]
[ 2 marks]

4. Rajah 4 menunjukkan keadaan pokok setelah bahan Y ditambah secara berlebihan.

Diagram 4 shows the condition of a plant when excess substance Y is added.

Rajah 4
Diagram 4
(a) Namakan bahan Y.
Name substance Y.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah ]
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Namakan proses yang berlaku kepada sel-sel pokok tersebut.
Name the process that happened to the cells of the plant.
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 markah ]
[1 mark]
(ii) Terangkan jawapan anda dalam b(i)
Explain your answer in b (i)
…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[3 markah ]
[3 marks]

22
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(c) Lukis keadaan sel rambut akar apabila pokok itu disiram dengan air yang banyak.
Draw the condition of the root hair cell when the plant is watered with plenty of
water.

[2 markah ]
[2 marks]

23
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

5. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan Virus M. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan ilustrasi membran plasma
Virus M yang digunakan untuk membuat suatu vaksin.
Diagram 5.1 shows Virus M. Diagram 5.2 shows an illustration of plasma membrane of
Virus M, used to create a vaccine.

Virus M

Virus M

Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

(a) Namakan struktur Q dan struktur R.

Name structure Q and structure R.
Struktur Q / Structure Q : …………………………………………………….........
Struktur R / Structure R : ………………………………………………………......
[2 markah ]
[2 marks]
(b) Terangkan sifat struktur dalam Rajah 5.2.
Explain the characteristic of structure in Diagram 5.2.
………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 markah ]
[2 marks]

24
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(c) Struktur membran plasma bersifat fleksibel, dinamik dan sentiasa tidak statik.
Terangkan fungsi P dalam membantu sifat membran plasma yang dinyatakan.
The structure of plasma membrane is flexible, dynamic and not static.
Explain the function of P in assisting the mentioned characteristic of plasma
membrane.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 markah ]
[2 marks]

(d) Virus M dalam Rajah 5.1 menghasilkan tenaga dengan mengoksidakan glukosa.
Terangkan proses yang digunakan oleh Virus M untuk menggerakkan glukosa
merentas membrannya untuk respirasi sel.
Virus M in Diagram 5.1 produces energy by oxidising glucose. Explain the process
useed by the virus to move glucose across its membrane for cellular respiration.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 markah ]
[3 marks]

25
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

6. Rajah 6 menunjukkan perubahan keadaan sel pokok sawi selepas disiram pada awal
waktu pagi.
Diagram 6 shows the condition of mustard plant cell after watered in the early
morning.

Sebelum Selepas
Before After
Rajah 6
Diagram 6

(a) Berdasarkan rajah, nyatakan keadaan sel tumbuhan sebelum dan selepas.
Based on diagram, state the condition of plant cell before and after.
(i) Sebelum / Before : ……………………………………………………..
(ii) Selepas / After : ……………………………………………………..

[2 markah ]
[2 marks]

(b) Terangkan mengapa berlaku perubahan keadaan sel seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 6.
Explain why the changes of cell condition occur as shown in Diagram 6.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[3 markah ]
[3 marks]

26
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(c) Puan Aisya telah membeli sedikit sayur dari pasar basah dan ditinggalkan untuk
beberapa jam. Apabila beliau kembali, sayur tersebut telah layu.
Cadangkan apa yang patut Puan Aisya lakukan untuk memastikan sayur itu
kembali segar seperti baru dibeli.
Puan Aisya bought some vegetables from the wet market and left it for few hours.
When she returned, the vegetables had withered.
Suggest what should Puan Aisya do to ensure the vegetable is as fresh as she just
bought.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 markah ]
[3 marks]

27
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

SOALAN ESEI
ESSAY QUESTIONS

1 (a) Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan keadaan tumbuhan dalam pasu apabila dirawat dengan baja
yang berlebihan.
Diagram 1.1 shows the condition of plant in a pot when treated with excess
fertilizer.

Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.1

Terangkan kesan rawatan tersebut kepada pokok pada Rajah 1.1.

Explain the effect of the treatment to the plant in the Diagram 1.1.
[ 6 markah ]
[ 6 marks ]

(b) Cuka adalah pengawet semulajadi yang boleh digunakan untuk mengawet
buah- buahan dan sayur-sayuran. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan jeruk sawi yang
diawet menggunakan cuka.
Vinegar is a natural preservative that can be used to preserve fruits and
vegetables. Diagram 1.2 shows pickles mustard preserved using vinegar.

Rajah 1.2
Diagram 1.2
Terangkan bagaimana cuka adalah berkesan dalam pengawetan jeruk sawi tersebut.
Explain how vinegar effective in preserving the pickles mustard. [ 4 markah ]
[ 4marks ]

28
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

2 (a) Sesetengah suri rumah merendam sayur-sayuran dalam larutan garam sebelum
dimasak supaya racun serangga dan ulat dapat dihapuskan.

Some housewives soak their vegetables in salt solution before cooking to get rid
of pesticides and worms.

i. Huraikan mengapa sayur-sayuran yang direndam terlalu lama dalam larutan

garam akan menjadi layu.
Explain why vegetables that are soaked too long in salt solution become wilt.
[ 3 markah ]
[ 3 marks ]
ii. Cadangkan satu cara untuk mengembalikan kesegahan sayur-sayuran tersebut.
Suggest one method to revive the turgidity of the vegetables.
[ 2 markah ]
[ 2 marks ]

(b)

Liposom dapat digunakan untuk mengangkut ubat yang sangat toksik.

Contohnya, cisplatin boleh menyebabkan kematian kepada kucing; namun,
apabila digunakan bersama liposom, ia dapat diberikan dengan selamat.

Liposomes can be used to deliver drugs that are extremely toxic. For example,
free cisplatin is lethal to cats; however, when it is encapsulated in a liposome,
it can be administered safely.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, berikan penilaian anda mengenai pernyataan ini.

Based on the information above, give your evaluation about the statement
[ 5 markah ]
[ 5 marks ]

29
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

3 (a) Kaji pernyataan di bawah

Study the statement below.

Pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma di dalam sel adalah

penting untuk kemandirian hidup organisma. Proses in mengekalkan
persekitaran dalaman organisma.
Movement of substance across the plasma membrane in the cell is
important for the continuity of organisms. The process helps to maintain a
constant internal environment.

Terangkan kepentingan membran plasma untuk kemandirian organisma hidup.

Explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of living organisms.
[ 4 markah ]
[ 4 marks ]

(b) Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma.
Diagram 3.1 shows two types of transport of substance through plasma membrane.

Rajah 3.1
Diagram 3.1

Bandingkan kedua-dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma.

Compare the two types of transport of substance through plasma membrane.
[ 6 markah ]
[ 6 marks ]

30
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(c) Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan larutan
sukrosa yang berlainan ke atas perubahan jisim jalur ubi kentang .
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan graf yang diplotkan untuk menunjukkan perubahan dalam
jisim melawan kepekatan larutan sukrosa.
A student carries out the experiment to study the effect of different concentration of
sucrose solution on the change in mass of potato strips.
Diagram 3.2 shows the change in the mass against concentration of sucrose
solution.

Rajah 3.2
Diagram 3.2

Terangkan apa yang berlaku terhadap sel di titik P, Q dan R.

Explain what happen to the cell at point P, Q and R.
[ 10 markah ]
[ 10 marks ]

31
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

4 (a) Rajah 4.1 merupakan proses penyerapan bahan X di sel rambut akar manakala
Rajah 4.2 merupakan proses penyerapan bahan Y di alveolus.
Diagram 4.1 is an absorption process of substance X at the root hair cell while
Diagram 4.2 is an absorption process of substance Y at the alveolus.

Alveolus

Sel akar rambut

Root hair cell

Rajah 4.1 Rajah 4.2

Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2

Sel rambut akar mengandungi banyak mitokondria. Fungsi mitokondria sebagai

tapak sintesis tenaga diperlukan untuk pergerakan bahan X merentas membran
plasma. Manakala alveolus tidak memerlukan kehadiran mitokondria yang banyak.
Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa proses pergerakan bahan X dan Y merupakan dua
proses yang berbeza.
Terangkan justifikasi anda terhadap penerangan di atas.
Root hair cell contains abundant of mitochondria. The function of mitochondria as
site for energy synthesis is needed for the movement of substance X across plasma
membrane. While alveolus does not need abundant of mitochondria. This shows
movement process of substance X and Y are two different processes.
Explain your justification towards statement above.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]

32
 I DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(b) Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan luka yang dialami oleh Farid ketika jatuh di atas jalan.
Diagram 4.3 below shows a wound experienced by Farid when he falls on a road.

Rajah 4.3
Diagram 4.3

Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda tentang osmosis, cadangkan langkah yang perlu

diambil oleh Farid untuk mengelakkan jangkitan.
Terangkan cadangan anda.
Based on your knowledge of osmosis, suggest steps should be taken by Farid to
prevent infection.
Explain your suggestion.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]

33