Physics Topics Detailed Notes and Practice Questions:

Newton's Laws:

- First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in
motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force.

- Second Law (Law of Acceleration): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to

the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

- Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Practice Questions:

1. Question: What is the net force acting on a 2000 kg car moving at a constant speed of 30
m/s on a straight road?

- Answer: 60000 N

2. Question: What is the force exerted by a 50 kg person standing on the Earth's surface?

- Answer: 490.5 N

3. Question: If a 1000 kg block is pushed by a force of 1000 N and the coefficient of friction
between the block and the surface is 0.2, what is the acceleration of the block?

- Answer: 0.8 m/s²

4. Question: If two objects of masses 5 kg and 10 kg are placed on a frictionless surface and a
force of 20 N is applied to the 5 kg object, what is the acceleration of the 10 kg object?

- Answer: 2 m/s²

5. Question: If a 3000 kg car is moving at a constant speed of 40 m/s on a road with a

coefficient of friction of 0.4, what is the net force acting on the car?

- Answer: 11772 N

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces:

- Balanced Forces: When the net force acting on an object is zero, forces are balanced,
resulting in no change in motion.

- Unbalanced Forces: Forces that cause a change in an object's motion, leading to

acceleration.

Practice Questions:
1. Question: If a 50 kg box is placed on a frictionless surface and a 100 N force is applied to it,
what is the acceleration of the box?

- Answer: 2 m/s²

2. Question: If a 20 kg block is placed on a rough surface and a 30 N force is applied to it,

what is the acceleration of the block?

- Answer: 1.5 m/s²

3. Question: If two objects of masses 2 kg and 4 kg are placed on a frictionless surface and a
force of 10 N is applied to the 2 kg object, what is the acceleration of the 4 kg object?

- Answer: 2.5 m/s²

4. Question: If a 10 kg block is placed on a rough surface and a 40 N force is applied to it,

what is the acceleration of the block?

- Answer: 3.2 m/s²

5. Question: If a 50 kg box is placed on a frictionless surface and a 100 N force is applied to it,
what is the acceleration of the box?

- Answer: 2 m/s²

Falling Bodies:

- In the Absence of Air: Objects fall at the same rate regardless of mass due to gravity.

- In the Presence of Air: Air resistance affects the speed of falling objects.

Practice Questions:

1. Question: If a ball is dropped from a height of 50 m and air resistance is negligible, what is
the velocity of the ball when it hits the ground?

- Answer: Approximately: 31.3 m/s

2. Question: If a ball is dropped from a height of 100 m and air resistance is significant, what
is the terminal velocity of the ball?

- Answer: Approximately: 50 m/s