University of Tripoli

Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department

EE201 – Electrical Laboratory

Spring 2022

Report of the Experiment #9

Star Circuit, Symmetric / Asymmetric Loading

Name: Mohamed Mustafa Kamil

ID: 2180205565
Group: B (2)
Instructor: Dr. Nasser Al-Shamikh
Pg. 01 Introduction

Introduction
The aim of this experiment:

 Examine a star circuit.

 Describe the connections required to a three-phase load, in a star circuit.

 Differentiate between symmetric and asymmetric loading.

 Determine the compensating current in the neutral line.

Three phase circuit:

Three phase circuit is the polyphase system where three phases are send together
from the generator to the load.

Each phase are having a phase difference of 120𝑜 , so from the total of 360𝑜 .

Three phases equally divided into 120 each line. Power is in a continuous three-phase
system where all three phases are involved in the overall power generation. The sine
waves of a 3-phase system are shown below.

Figure 1: The Sine wave for 3-Phase system

Pg. 02 Introduction

The three phases can be used as single phase each line. If the load is single phase,
then one phase can be taken from the three phase circuit and the neutral can be
used as ground.

In three phase circuit (Generator), connections can be given in two types:

 Star (Wye) connection

 Delta connection

Star (Wye) connection:

Figure 2: The Star connection

In star connection, the line voltage is √3 times the phase voltage. Line voltage is the
voltage between two phases in a three-phase circuit and phase voltage is the voltage
between one phases to the neutral line. And the current is the same for both line and
phase. So:

𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = √3 𝑉𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 , 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒

Pg. 03 Introduction

Delta connection:

Figure 3: The Delta connection

In delta connection, there is three lines alone and no neutral. The line voltage is the
same as the phase voltage. The line current is √3 times the phase current. So:

𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 , 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒

Pg. 04 Symmetric / Asymmetric Loading

Symmetric / Asymmetric Loading

Equipment List:
 Three-phase Generator
 Digital Multimeter
 Jumpers (Connection plugs)
 Wires
 Breadboard
 Resistors (330Ω , 470Ω)

Do this experiment in two cases:

 Symmetric Loading.
 Asymmetric Loading.

 Symmetric Loading

Procedure:
- Connect a circuit with 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑅3 = 330Ω (symmetric loading):

Figure 4: Symmetric loading

Pg. 05 Symmetric / Asymmetric Loading

- Measure the line current 𝐼𝐿 by multimeter in each line and the current 𝐼𝑁 in the
neutral line.

Figure 5: Symmetric circuit from lab

Results:

𝑰𝑳𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝑳𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝑳𝟑 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝑵 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝒎𝑨
- The line currents are almost equal, and the neutral current is close to zero, but
in practice, this is not possible because there are errors that come from many
reasons.
Pg. 06 Symmetric / Asymmetric Loading

 Asymmetric Loading

Procedure:
- Connect a circuit with 𝑅1 = 330Ω , 𝑅2 = 1𝑘Ω , 𝑅3 = 470Ω (Asymmetric loading):

Figure 4: Asymmetric loading

- Measure the line current 𝐼𝐿 by multimeter in each line and the current 𝐼𝑁 in the
neutral line.

Results:

𝑰𝟏𝒌𝛀 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝟑𝟑𝟎𝛀 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟕𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝟒𝟕𝟎𝛀 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝑵 = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟐𝒎𝑨
- The currents are not equal (unbalanced), that is why the neutral current is not
equal to zero.
Pg. 07 Symmetric / Asymmetric Loading

- When break a neutral from a star, the currents are as follows:

𝑰𝟏𝒌𝛀 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝟑𝟑𝟎𝛀 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟗𝟎𝒎𝑨

𝑰𝟒𝟕𝟎𝛀 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝑨

Conclusion
 There is a difference from the arithmetic results in both parts of the
experiment, where the neutral current was equal to zero, but for laboratory
reasons there was a slight error.
 Neutral current is a compensatory current, which compensates the differences

in line current. line current changes when broke Neutral current because there
is no compensating in differences of line current.