Modeling & Analysis of Power

System Contingencies

A Key to Design an Efficient and Secure

Power System
CONTENTS
•
Introduction
•
Types of Violation
•
Contingency Analysis Aspects
•
States of Security Analysis
•
Remedial Actions
•
Static Security Levels of Power System
•
Methods of Contingency Analysis
•
Fast Decoupled Load Flow
•
Simulink Results and Discussion
•
Future Recommendations
•
Conclusion
•
References
INTRODUCTION

•
Existing Situation whose result is unknown or unpredictable
•
Function in Modern Energy Management System
•
Information about static security
•
Major Activity in Power System planning operation
•
Used to calculate violations
•
Line Outage Distribution Factor (LODF)
•
Power Transfer Distribution Factor (PTDF)
•
Managing, creating, analyzing and reporting lists of contingencies and
associated violations
TYPES OF VIOLATIONS

•
Line contingency and generator contingency
• Low Voltage Violations
•
Occurs at buses
•
Operating range of voltage is 0.95 to 1.05 p.u
• Line MVA limits Violations
•
Occurs in System
•
Due to increase of current flow
•
Lines are designed to withstand 125% MVA limit
•
80-90% limit crossing as alarm signaling
ASPECTS OF CONTINGENCY
ANALYSIS
•
System to with stand equipment failure
•
Overloads in contingency conditions
•
(N-1) contingency analysis simulation
•
Prioritize Transmission Planning
•
Annual Maintenance plan & schedule for power system
STATES OF SECURITY ANALYSIS

•
Involves four operating states
• Optimal Dispatch
• Post Contingency
• Secure Dispatch
• Secure Post Contingency
STATES OF SECURITY ANALYSIS

•
Optimal Dispatch
• Available to contingency
• Optimal With respect to Economic operation
STATES OF SECURITY ANALYSIS

•
Post Contingency
• State after contingency
• This Condition has a security Violation
STATES OF SECURITY ANALYSIS

•
Secure Dispatch
• System with no contingency
• Account for security violations
STATES OF SECURITY ANALYSIS

•
Secure Post-Contingency
• Contingency at base condition after corrections
REMEDIAL ACTIONS

•
Shunt Capacitor Bank
•
Generation Re-Dispatch
•
Load Shedding
•
On-Load Tap changing Transformer (OLTC)
•
Distributed Generation
•
Islanding
STATIC SECURITY LEVELS OF POWER
SYSTEM
METHODS OF CONTINGENCY
ANALYSIS
•
Two Main Approaches of Contingency Selection
• Direct Methods
• Indirect Methods

•
Line Outage is more complex than Generator Outage
•
Steady State Operation Immediately or After Automatic Controls
FAST DECOUPLED LOAD
FLOW
SIMULINK RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Figure. 01 Base Case for 5 Bus System Table.01 Pre-Contingency Data of 5 Bus System
SIMULINK RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Table.02 Pre-Contingency Power Flow of 5 Buses

SIMULINK RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Figure. 02 When line 2-4 get open Table.03 Post-Contingency Data of 5 Bus System
with Line 2-4 Outage
SIMULINK RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Table.04 Post-Contingency Power Flow of 5 Buses

with Line 2-4 Outage
SIMULINK RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Table.05 Post-Contingency Data of 5 Bus System

Figure. 03 When Generator 02 get open with Generator 02 Outage
SIMULINK RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Table.04 Post-Contingency Power Flow of 5 Buses

with Generator 02 Outage
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS

•
Incorporating Transient Stability Analysis
•
Data Integrity
•
Time Synchronization
•
N-2 Contingencies Should be Evaluated
•
Use FACT Devices
•
Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
•
Incorporating Renewable Energy Sources
CONCLUSION

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Removes limit violations in system
•
Strengthen Initial Basic Plan
•
Improves system operator ability
•
Helps busy power system operator
LITERATURE REVIEW

•
K. Bhattacharya, M.
Bollen, and J. Daalder,
Operation of
Restructured Power
LITERATURE REVIEW
•
Wood, A. J.; Wallenberg, B. F., “Power Generation, Operation and Control”. 2nd ed., New York/USA:
John Wiley& Sons, 1996, pp. 410-432.
•
Arthur R. Bergen, “Power Systems Analysis”, Prentice-Hall Series in Electrical and Computer
Engineering, 1986, pp. 130-134.
•
YaserNadhum Al-Aani, “Generation Rescheduling for Alleviating Overloads caused by Contingency”, M.
Sc. Thesis.Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq, 1999.
•
Emtethal N. Abdallah “Contingency Ranking in StaticSecurity Assessment”, Eights Middle East Power
Systems Conference MEPCON‟2001, Cairo, Egypt, pp 13-19, December 2001.
•
F. Albuyeh, A. Bose and B. Heath, “Reactive Power Considerations in Automatic Contingency Selection”.
IEEE Trans. On Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS – 101, No.1,pp. 107-112, Jan. 1982
•
P. Kundur, Power Systems Stability and Control, NewYork, McGraw Hill Inc., 1994.
•
Shekhappa G. Ankaliki, S. I. Katti,A. D. Kulkarni,T. Ananthapadmanabha “Contingency Analysis of
reduced 220 kvkptcl system using MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL”Asian Journal of Current Engineering and
Maths1: 6 Nov –Dec (2012) 378 - 382.
•
D P Kothari, I J Nagrath, “Modern Power System Analysis”, 3rd ed., New delhi: Tata McGraw Hill
THANKS
!QUESTIONS???