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1 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science

Website: http://www.ayurlog.com Volume: 6th | Issue: 5th | August 2018

A literary Review of Nidanpanchak of Pandu Vyadhi

Madhuri Sudhakar Abdare* 1, Rupali Khobragade 2

1. M. D. (scholar)
2. Professor,
Dept. of Kayachikitsa, PDEA’s College of Ayurved & Research Centre,
Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra
*Corresponding author: Email: madhurisabdare@gmail.com Mob.: 9834569274

Abstract Panduroga is probably the most

Pandu is a very common common disorder seen in human being. In
prevalent disease in the society. India Malnutrition, poverty, illiteracy,
Nutritional Iron deficiency is the most contribute to anaemia which can be
common cause of Panduroga in India. It correlated as pandu roga in Ayurveda.
affects all age groups but the most Nutritional Iron deficiency is the most
vulnerable are preschool-age children, common cause of anaemia in India and it
pregnant women, and non-pregnant affects approximately one third of the
women of childbearing age. In India global population.(1)
Malnutrition, poverty, illiteracy, contribute
It is very common prevalent disease
to anaemia which can be correlated as
in the society and side effect of oral
pandu roga in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda
allopathic iron preparation are very
panduroga has been described in all
common.(2)
Samhita in detail with nidan panchak in
present study. Study deals with systemic Pandu roga is Pitta pradhana
review of Panduroga from all the classics vyadhi. Due to hetu sevana, Pitta
of Ayurveda. pradhana tridosha gets vitiated and is
Key words- Pandu, Nidanpanchak, circulated in the whole body causing
kayachikitsa, Anaemia shithilata in all dhatus which ultimately
reduces Rakta and Meda dhatu. De- crease
Introduction in Sneha and Rakta Dhatu rupa Oja guna,

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Varna, bala are lost and disease like Acharya Sushruta has said Pandu
Pandu appear; Roga in Uttartantra Adhyaya 44,"Pandu
Adhyaya" Sushrut has mentioned Kamala,
In Ayurveda Charaka has
Kumbhavhaya, Lagharak as the various
mentioned it as Rasavaha Srotodushti.
stages of Pandu.(8)
Susruta has mentioned it as Raktavaha
Acharya Vagbhatta has described
Srotodushti. A prominent diagnostic
Pandu in Nidanasthana 13th adhyay
feature of Pandu roga is the pallor on the
Pandu Roga- Shopha Visarpa Nidana and
skin which occurs due to the quantitative
in Chikitsasthana 16th adhyay, (Pandu
and qualitative deficiency of raktu
RogaChikitsa.(9) In Madhava Nidana the
dhatu.(3). The signs and symptoms of
description of Pandu Roga is in 8th
Pandu include Pandutva(4), Hrid Dravata,
Adhyay PanduRoga.(10) In Sharangdhara
Agnimandya, Tandra, Bhrama and
Samhita has described in Pradhana
Srama(5). Jeevana has been considered as
Khanda 7th Adhyaya
the Karma of Raktha(6).
In Bhavprakasha the description of pandu
The disease Pandu has been roha in Madhyam Khanda 8th Adhyaya.
widely and thoroughly described in all In Ashtang hridya has described pandu in
Ayurvedic Samhitas with the description of Nidana Sthana Adhyaya.16
anaemia available in modern texts.
Aim and Objective
1. To study the etiopathogenesis,
Historical review
symptomatology of the Panduroga
According to Rigveda and
(Anaemia) according to Ayurvedic
Atharvaveda, Panduroga is known as
classics
Vilohit, Haribha, Halima. In Garuda
Purana it has been described that Takra
Material and Methods
mixed with loha churna is useful in
This article is based on review of
Panduroga. Acharya Charak -Pandu Roga
Nidanpanchaka of Pandu Roga from
has been described in Sutrasthana in
available Ayurvedic texts and Samhitas.
Ashtodariya Adhyaya as well as in
Principal texts reffered are Charak
Chikitsasthana 16th Chapter "Pandu Roga
Samhita, Susruta samhita, Astanga
Chikitsa". Charaka has described Pandu
hrudaya, Madhava nidana and Harita
Roga.(7)
samhita along with commentaries.

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Vyutpati 1.Nidana, Purvarupa, Rupa,

The word “Pandu” is derived from Upashaya ,Samprapti are together called
root “Padi Nasane” with suffix “Ku” and Nidana Panchaka are very fine means to
elaboration through “Ni”. The meaning is acquire complete knowledge about the
always taken in sense of "Nashana" i.e. the disease.
loss. (Shabdakalpadruma - Part 3)(11).
-According to Charaka Samhita.: - In Nidan (etiology)
this disease the skin of patient is The general etiology or samanya
discoloured as Pandu or like haridra or nidana of Panduroga is described in
greenish tinge. Charaka samhita, Sushruta samhita etc.
-According to Sushruta Samhita in all treatises in which all the factors, mainly
types of Pandu body of the patient is more related to ahara, vihara and other disease
Pandu (shweta rakta or shweta pita).So it are mentioned. By excessive sexual
is named as Pandu. intercourse, intake of sour & salty items,
-According to Amarakosha:- Pandu means wine and dust, enjoying day sleep, use of
a white colour mixed with yellowish Tinge highly irritant things will aggravate
as mentioned in Amarakosha. Doshas. These doshas will vitiate blood
-According to Chakrapani, Dalhana :- and thus producing paleness of skin.(12)
Acharya Chakrapani, the commentator of Purvarupa
Charaka Samhita and Dalhana ,the Symptoms which manifest themselves
commentator of Sushruta Samhita have before the appearance of the disease i.e.
explain the word "Pandu" as Shweta, premonitory symptoms are known as
Dhusara, Shwetavabhasa, Pitavabhasa Purvarupa.
Types of Purvarupas
Nidan panchak 1.Samanya 2. Vishesha
The following table represents purvarupa, stated by Various Acharyas
PURVARUPA Cha. Su. Vag. Ma. Ha. Bha.
Avipaka - + - + + -
AkshikutaShotha - + - + - -
Aruchi - - + - - -
Alpavahnita - - + - - -
Angasada - - + - - -
Gatrasada - + + - + -

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Mridbhakshanaechcha - + - - - -
Hridspandaman + - + - - -
Mutra Pitata - + - - - -
Panduta - - - - - +
Rukshata + - + - - -
Swedabhava + - + - - -
Shrama + - + - - -
Sthivanadhikya - + - + + -
Twakasphutana - + - + + +

Rupa General symptoms of Pandu Roga as

Vyakta Purvarupa is known as described by Aacharya Charaka are, the
Rupa. Symptoms play most important role patient suffers from tinnitus, suppression
in proper diagnosis of the disease. All of the power of digestion, weakness,
acharyas have mentioned various types of prostration, repugnance against food,
discolouration with other symptoms in fatigue, giddiness, pain in the body, fever,
different types of Panduroga. Acharya dyspnoea, heaviness and anorexia.(13)
Charaka and Vagbhatta have mentioned
the Samanya Rupas of Pandu Roga.
Types of Pandu
The following table represents types of Panduroga, stated by Various Acharyas (14,15)
Types of Panduroga Cha. Vag. Ma S.S. YR Ka. Su. Ha.
Vattaj + + + + + + + +
Pittaj + + + + + + + +
Kaphaj + + + + + + + +
Sannipataj + + + + + + + +
Mridbhakshanjanya + + + + + + + +
Ruddhapatha- Kamla - - - - - - - +
BahuPitta-Kamla - - - - - - - +
Halimak - - - - - - - +
TOTAL 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 8

Samprapti

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Acharya Charaka has clearly They are Daivayapashraya and

described the Samprapti of Pandu. Satavawajya,Yuktivyapashraya chikitsa.
According to Acharya Charaka, Due to Yuktivyapashraya chikitsa is concern as
Nidana Sevana; Pitta located in the follows:
Hridaya gets aggravated, and this Pitta 1) Nidana parivajana
being forcefully propelled by Vayu enters 2) Snehana -Olention therapy
into the 10 vessels (attached to the heart) and Swedana -Fomentation
and circulates in the entire body. Being therapy
located between the skin and muscle 3) Shodhana -Eliminating the
tissue, this aggravated Pitta Vitiates factors which producing the
Kapha, Vayu, Asrika, Twacha and Mamsa disease.
as a result of which different types of 4) Shamana -Palliative treatment- to
colouration, like Pandu, Haridra and correct the deficiency and treat the
Harita appear in the skin.(16) associated symptoms.
Acharya Vagbhatta mentioned, Loha kalpa- Navayas Churna,Nisha loha
Samprapti is the step by step progress of vati, Tapyadi Loha, Mandoor Vatak,
any disease. Vata, Pitta, and Kapha all Punarnava Mandur, Manduradya Valeha,
three doshas are responsible for Lohasav, Abhayarista.
development of Panduroga. But out of
these three doshas “Pitta Dosha” plays a Pathya-Apathya
very important role in Samprapti of Pathya-Acharya charak has advised Puran
Panduroga. Sushrutacharya has not given Godhoom, Mudga, Masur Yusha, Jangal
much importance to Pittadosha in mansa as pathya Aahar after the
Samprapti of Panduroga. He has given shodhanopakrama.
great importance to Raktadushti in the Sushrut has advised Aamalaki swarasa,
process o f Samprapti. Ikshurasa, Mixture of sattu and Honey or
madha as pathya Aahar.
Chikitsa Apathya-Agnisevan and Aatapsevan,
Chikitsa means the complete Ativyayam, Pitta prakopak Aahar,
process by which all the dosha, dhatu, Maithuna, Krodha, Atimargagaman.
malas come in equilibrium or samyvastha. Discussion
Three general principles of treatment have From above article it is clear that
been described by Atreya in Charaka Pandu Roga is considered mainly
Samhita, Sutra Sthana (Ca. Su.11/63). manifestation of paleness all over the

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body. Majority of Nidanas are Pitta dosh 1. Das AK. 1st ed. Calcutta: Books
prakop and raktakshay these Nidanas and Allied (P) Ltd; 2000. Medical
causes Mandagni. mandagni creats Ama Physiology; p. 726
production and improper Rasa dhatu 2. Satoskar RS, Bhandarkar SD,
formation which is the foremost step in Ainapure SS. 16th ed. Mumbai:
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pathogenesis Prakupita Pitta of Hridaya Pharmacology and
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Vata which further vitiate Vata, Rakta, 3. Bramhanand Tripathi Varanasi
Kapha, Twak and Mamsa and results as chaukhamba prakashana 1997
Pandu Varnata and ultimately Pandu hindi commentator Charak
Roga. Rasavaha and Raktavaha Srotas are samhita.
predominantly appearance of Pandu Roga. 4. Srikantha murthy KR translator,
Five types of Pandu Roga may be clearly Susrutha Samhita by Susrutha,with
differentiated based on the predominance commentary by Dalhanacharya,
of Dosas. These are Vataja Pandu, Pittaja Varanasi: Chowkhamba Orientalia
Pandu, Kaphaja Pandu, Sannipataja 2008. p. 449.
Pandu and Mrittikabhakshanajanya 5. Srikantha murthy KR translator,
Pandu. In acute stage all Pandu Roga are Astanga Hrdayam by Vagbhata,
curable but in chronic stage are incurable. with commentary by Dwarakanath,
So Upashaya and Anupashaya should be Vsaranasi, Chowkhamba sansrit
followed in early stage. series 2004. p.122
Conclusion 6. Srikantha murthy KR translator,
The study of Nidanapanchak is Astanga Samgraha by Vagbhata,
helpful in comprehensive understanding of with commentary by Priya vrat
Nidana, Purvarupa, Rupa, aggravating Sharma, Varanasi: Chowkhamba
factors, major outcome and prognosis of Orientalia 2003. Page no.9
Pandu Roga. This ancient knowledge of 7. Charak Samhita su. 19/4 of vaidya
Ayurveda will help in specific, result manorama hindi commentary
oriented treatment and management special delibration and appendicies
planning in patients. etc. by Ravidatta tripathi, published
Reference: by Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Prakashan, Varansi. 2013 page no.
285

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8. Sushrut samhita uttar 44/6 by 12. Sushut samhita uttersthan with

Vd.Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, English translation by P.V.Sharma
published by Chaukhamba Sanskit Chowkhamba visvabharati
Sansthan, Varanasi 1994. Page 2005 page no.448
no.623 13. Charak samhita text with English
9. Madhav Nidan- Madhukosha translation by P. V. Sharma,
commentary Chaukhambha Chowkhamba orientalia Varanasi
Sanskrit Sansthan (31st edition 2001 page no.273
2002 14. Charak Samhita su.16/3 by Vd.
10. Sastri S., Madhava Nidanam of sri Ravidatta tripathi Published by
Madhavakara with the Madhukosa Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana,
Sanskrit commentary by Varanasi. Page no. 3
Srivijayarakshit and Srikanthadatta 15. Sushrut Samhita uttar tantra 44/4
with the vidyotini hindi published by ayurvedtatva
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Chaukhambha Prakashana, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthnaa,
Varanasi, (Reprint 2006). Varanasi. Page no. 365
11. Bahaduren Radhakantadeva 16. Charak samhita text with English
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dwitiyo bhaga, Chaukhamba Chowkhamba orientalia Varanasi,
Sanskrit sansthan, Varanasi, 3rd 2001 page no.273
edition (1967).

Cite article:

A literary Review of Nidanpanchak of Pandu Vyadhi

Madhuri Sudhakar Abdare, Rupali Khobragade

Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science- 2018; (6)(5) : 1-7

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