GR11 GEN MATH REVIEWER BY ASHLEIGH ABENA & YUAN CAÑAZARES, SIGMATH

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
- Function defined by f(x) = a b P(x) + h
- a 0
- b>0
- P(x) - polynomial in x
Examples:
1. f(x) = 2x+1-1
- a=1
- b=2
- P(x) = x+1
- h = -1
2. f(x) = -3x+5
- a = -1
- b=3
- P(x) = x
- h=5
3. f(x) = 2x
- a=2
- b=1
- P(x) = x
- h=0

EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS
- An equation that involves bP(x)
Example: 32x = 5

EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITY
- An inequality of the form bx c or b x
c
Example: 32x 5
GR11 GEN MATH REVIEWER BY ASHLEIGH ABENA & YUAN CAÑAZARES, SIGMATH

LAWS OF EXPONENTS

DOMAIN, RANGE, X & Y INTERCEPT, ZEROES, ASYMPTOTES OF

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Domain: {x|x R} or (-, )
Range: {y|y R, x > h} or (h, )

X-int: (x,0)
Y-int: (0,y)
VA: domain
HA: range

APPLICATIONS OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS & EQUATIONS

● Population growth: P = Rt
● Exponential decay: f(x) = N (½) x/t
● Compound interest: A = P(1+r)t
● Half-life: y = (1/2)t/t

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
- f(x) = logbx
- Inverse of exponential function
- b>0 - all positive real numbers, b 1
- a = bx
- a - argument
- b - base
- x - exponent
- a = bx ⟶ logba = x
- bx = a ⟶ x = logba
GR11 GEN MATH REVIEWER BY ASHLEIGH ABENA & YUAN CAÑAZARES, SIGMATH

COMMON LOGARITHM
- Log with a base of 10

NATURAL LOGARITHM
- b=e
- logex = lnx
- e = 2.718281828

LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS
- logbx = n

LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES
- logb xc or log b xc

LAWS OF LOGARITHM

DOMAIN, RANGE, X & Y INTERCEPT, ZEROES, ASYMPTOTES OF

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
Domain: {x|x R, x > h} / (h, )
Range: {y|y R} / (-, )
x-int: (x,0)
Y-int: If the argument is negative after substituting x with 0, no y-int. If positive, (0,y)
HA: No Horizontal Asymptote
VA: x = h

SIMPLE INTEREST
Interest - Amount paid or earned for the use of money.
GR11 GEN MATH REVIEWER BY ASHLEIGH ABENA & YUAN CAÑAZARES, SIGMATH

Simple interest I, is the amount equal Prt where P is the Principal, r is the annual simple
interest rate and t is time in years.
I = Prt

Maturity Value F, is the amount after t years that the lender receives from the borrower of the
maturity date.
F = P + I or F = P + Prt or F = P(1+(rt))

P = I/(Rt)
r = I/(Pt)
t = I/(Pr)

P = F/(1+(rt))
I = (F/1(rt))(rt)
t = ((F/P)-1)/r

COMPOUND INTEREST
- Future value of P borrowed (or invested) at an annual compound interest rate (r) at
time (t) is given by F = P(1+r)t
F = P(1 + r)t
Ic = F - P
P = F/(1 + r)t
- If the case however is compounded more than once a year, we will use a different
solution.
F = P(1 + r/m)mt, given that m is equal to the number of conversions.
- Word problems would often use a set of words to denote the value of m.
Semi-annually = 2
Quarterly = 4
Monthly = 12
Daily = 365
Daily (in a leap year) = 366
GR11 GEN MATH REVIEWER BY ASHLEIGH ABENA & YUAN CAÑAZARES, SIGMATH

P = F/(1 + r/m)mt

F = P(1 + r/m)mt can also be written as F = P(1 + j)n

- Where j = r/m, annual interest rate over the number of conversion periods in one
year.
- And n = mt, number of conversion periods in one year times the time in years.

Kung di natin mahanap ang n, with laws of logarithm pwede natin ito iconvert into the
F
log
formula: n= P
log (1+ j)

Kung value naman ng j ang nawawala: j= √

n F
P -1
ANNUITY
Annuity
- It is the sequence of equal payments/deposits made at a regular interval of time.

1. Simple Annuity- If the frequency of payments is the same as the compounding period.
(say payments are made monthly and interest is also compounded monthly)

2. General Annuity- If the compounding and payment periods do not happen at the same
time.

3. Ordinary Annuity- If payments are made at the end of every period. (annuity immediate)

4. Annuity Due- If payments are made at the beginning of every period.

5. Annuity Certain - If payments begin and end at definite times.

6. Contingent Annuity - If payments extend over an indefinite length of time.

- Ordinary Annuity- The future value of an ordinary annuity with regular payments R at
an annual rate r compounded m times a year after t years is

F=R ¿
Ordinary Annuity- The present value of an ordinary annuity with regular payments R
at an annual rate r compounded m times a year after t years is:
P=R ¿
Pano kung yung R naman ang kulang at meron ang F or P? Ito ang gagamitin na solution:

For F:

R=F /¿
For P
R=P /¿
GR11 GEN MATH REVIEWER BY ASHLEIGH ABENA & YUAN CAÑAZARES, SIGMATH

NOTES
- Di kailangan imemorize lahat ng solution basta alam iderive sa main solution, lalo na
sa interest.
- Inverse ng exponential ang logarithmic.
- Kung nahihirapan mag convert ng logarithmic to exponential and vise-versa, lagi niyo
tandaan na yung base ang magiging main number mo at ang argument ang walang
exponent.
Ex. log1000 = x (automatic na 10 since walang nakalagay na base) -> 10x = 1000 at
diyan pwede na natin makuha na x = 3… Or gumamit nalang ng calculator HAHAHA

Guys, pamessage kung may mga errors para agad namin maayos if ever na meron. Thank
you!