FINGERPRINT COMPARISON

Two specimen
1. Unknown/ Question Specimen- Latent Print (usually from crime scene)
2. Known/ Standard Specimen- Civilian or Criminal FP
*In comparing, unknown specimen is marked first then compare to standard specimen
*Problems encountered -malabo, fragmentary prints

Hits/ Points of Identification

1. Minutiae Based Technique- identifying the ridge characteristics

2. Correlation Based Technique- determine the relative position of ridge characteristic in
the FP

1. Simple Method- w/ legend (ex: 1-ridge dot)

2. Modified Method- also w/ legend (ex: 2B/ 2Bifurcation)
3. Drawn Method
Ridges- most basic formation in a FP, black lines; hill like structure
Furrows- white lines; canal like structure; any destruction is a white line because it does not
follow the ridges
Delta-
Core- inner most recurve at the center of the pattern

General Types of FP Patterns

1. Arch- Plain and Tented Arch
2. Loops- Radial and Ulnar Loop
3. Whorl- Plain, Double Loop, Central Pocket Loop, Accidental Whorl

*Magnifier & pointers

* (Scanner) Use photoshop to mark the points in the print

Analysis- Thoroughly analysis the unknown or latent print

Comparison- look for matching point in the same relative positions
Evaluation – look for similarities and differences and come to conclusion of identification,
exclusion or inconclusive.

*Master Negative- free from destruction; you can reproduce pictures for presentation of FP
comparison;
Protocols of Confession
-use dialect that can be understood
-inti writing with legal counsel
-presence of

Automated Fingerprint Identification System (APIS) -store known FP specimen ; from Japan
Photo Enlargement- Question and Standard Specimen should be enlarged the same
Methods of FP Comparison (need to use photo enlargment on question and standard
specimen)
1. Simple Method- identical points of identity in both enlargements are drawn with the
straight lines (red ink) to the margin. Began the numbering from any focal points until
you have numbered all identical points in both enlargements.
2. Modified Method- in the lines preceding the numbers are the names of the
corresponding ridge characteristics or their equivalent abbreviations are written.
3. Drawn Method- The numbers are placed about one centimetre immediately at the the
end of the lines. Circles are drawn at the end of the lines on the margin of the
photograph, then inside the circles are drawn the correspondiyridge characteristics.
4. Osborn Method – Photograph will be divided into squares or zones
5. Seymour Method- Skeleton Method
6. Pricking Method- Use needle

CHEMICAL METHOD
NINHYDRIN
NINHYDRIN-POROUS SURFACES- paper, cardboard and wood (and old prints in paper)
-Reacts in amino acid
-Purple/reddish purple/brownish purple -Applied through dipping and painting
-PHOTOGRAPHY- dark green filter with black and white film

DFO- 1,8 DIAZAFLOREN-9-ONE

- It is a ninhydrin analogue, meaning it also reacts on the amino acids.
- It can be a PRE NINHYDRIN chemical
- It develops 2.5 times more latent print than using ninhydrin chemical In a sole process
- PALE PINKISH PURPLE (LIGHTER COLOR AFTER USING NINHYDRIN CHEMICAL)
- APPLICATION: THRU DIPPING SPRAYING CAN BE A METHOD OF APPLICATION OF THIS
CHEMICAL BUT TOO HAZARDOUS

PHYSICAL DEVELOPER – POST NINHYDRIN

-REACTS WITH LIPIDS FATS OIL AND WAXES
-PRESENT IN FINGERPRINT RESIDUE POROUS OBJECTS
-DIPPING METHOD (APPLICATION TO THE ITEM)
-POST NINHYDRIN SOLUTION METHOD

Small Particle Reagent (SPR)

-another name “MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE”
- This chemical can used in wet surfaces
- In dry surfaces-porous/ non porous surfaces example; paper, cardboard, metal bricks,
rocks (SPR reacts on the fatty substances in fingerprint residue
-stain- may last for a few months
-thru spraying or dipping (2-3 mins)
Color: light colored surfaces-dark gray
dark colored surfaces-light gray

IODINE FUMING METHOD

-safest method (least possibility-destruction of latent prints)
-simple method of application
-blowing tube, the technician will break sa capsule/ container of iodine chemical then blow)
-plastic then put a tincture of iodine- fuming method
-easy to fade (use iodine enhancer; take photograph)
-PAINTING-
-color: brown coloration; brownish
STARCH SOLUTION-semi permanent delevoped latent print
BENZOFLAVONE – permanent developed latent – dark blue

Cyanoacrylate/ Glue Fuming

1. Apply the glue fuming technique- UNDERFUME- DUSTING METHOD –(Take Photograph)-
USED FINGERPRINT LIFTING TAPE – TRANSFER BACKING CARD
– NON POROUS SURFACES; SIZE OF THE OBJECT CAN BE PUT INSIDE THE FUMING CHAMBER

AMIDO BLACK
-Prints are dirted with blood
-Get first sample of blood before chemical method
-Blood- presence of latent print impression