REQUISITES OF PHOTOGRAPHY

LIGHT
CHARITO BAGSIT PANALIGAN
FORENSIC 101- POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
 LIGHT
It is an electromagnetic energy
Travel – 186000 miles per second or 300, 000 km/s

2 major sources of light – NATURAL LIGHT AND ARTIFICIAL

IS ONE OF THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY

 NATURAL LIGHT

Bright Light- distinct shadow

Hazy Light- transparent shadow

Dull Sunlight – no shadow

 ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
CONTINUOUS DURATION- CONTINUOUS ILLUMINATION

SHORT DURATION- BRIEF ILLUMINATION

 THEORIES RELATED TO LIGHT
SIR ISAAC NEWTON- CORPUSCULAR THEORY
CORPUSCLES
LIGHT TRVELS IN A STRAIGHT LINE
COLOR – DEPENDS ON THE SIZES OF THE CORPOSCLES

CHRISTIAN HUYGENS- WAVE THEORY

LIGHT - 300,00KM/S OR
186,000 MILES/S
LIGHT
PROPERTIES OF
LIGHT
REGULAR VS DIFFUSE
REFLECTION
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
 LIGHT
Characteristics of light
The Light upon hitting an object can undergo any of the three phenomena

• REFLECTED
• ABSORBED
• TRANSMITTED
REFLECTED LIGHT
REFLECTED LIGHT
ABSORBED LIGHT
TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT
MEDIUM OR CHANNELS OF
LIGHT
What are the PRIMARY COLORS OF light in
PHOTOGRAPHY?

What are the SECONDARY COLORS OF light

PHOTOGRAPHY?
PRIMARY COLORS OF
LIGHT IN
PHOTOGRAPHY
 SECONDARY COLORS OF
LIGHT IN PHOTOGRAPHY
ADDITIVE COLOR/ COLOR ADDITON ( father of additive color-
Maxwell)
- Adding of two or more colors = another color/ certain color
Example Red+ Blue =magenta
Blue + Green= Cyan color

SUBTRACTIVE COLOR/ COLOR SUBTRACTION – removal of

color to another color to produce another color
Example- White – RED= Cyan
Cyan- green= Blue
 EXPOSURE- LIGHT
QUANTITY OF LIGHT ( DAMI NG LIGHT) ALLOWED ON A
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL ( SENSITIZED MATERIAL)

NORMAL EXPOSURE- CORRECT EXPOSURE – QUALITY

PHOTOGRAPH

UNDER EXPOSURE- MUDDY PHOTOGRAPH/ dark photograph

( deficiency in light)

OVER EXPOSURE- washed photographs/ appears white ( exceeding

light)
 THREE PILLARS
• What are the
OF PHOTOGRAPHY or the three
key elements of a good exposure
 THREE PILLARS OF
PHOTOGRAPHY
Lens Aperture – F STOP / F-Number

SHUTTER SPEED- ACTION OF SHUTTER ( PART OF THE

CAMERA)
- OPENING – CLOSSING OF SHUTTER
- IT CAN BE MEASURED THRU FRACTION OF SECOND

ISO – SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT

 SHUTTER SPEED
-EXPOSURE TIME
-THE LENGTH OF TIME THE IMAGE SENSOR IN A CAMERA IS EXPOSED TO LIGHT
ACTION- OPEN- CLOSE OF SHUTTER
IT CAN BE MEASURE BY A FRACTION OF A SECOND

RANGE OF SHUTTER SPEED- 1/4000 OR1/8000 HANGGANG 30 SECONDS

FAST SHUTTER SPEED MORE THE 1/1000

MIDRANGE SHUTTER SPEED EQUAL TO 1/100 FRACTION OF A SECOND
LONG SHUTTER SPEED 1 SECOND OR MORE
 SHUTTER SPEED
FAST SHUTTER SPEED IT USED TO FREEZE MOTION

SLOW SHUTTER SPEED IT IS USED TO EMPHASIZE MOTION

 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SHUTTER
SPEED
Fast shutter speed will allow less light to reach the film. It is usually recommended to use
when shooting an image under bright sunlight with large aperture ( LARGE NO. OF F STOP)
= SMALL LENS OPENING/ APERTURE

Slower shutter speed will allow more light to reach the film. It is recommended to use when
shooting an image under lighting conditions below normal while using small aperture
( SMALL NO. OF FSTOP) – LARGE LENS OPENING/ APERTURE
 APERTURE
LENS OPENING

FSTOP/ FNUMBER – SIZE OF THE LENS OPENING

SMALLER F STOP- LARGER OPENING- MORE LIGHT
HIGHER F STOP – SMALLER ANG OPENING – LESS LIGHT

FSTOP 1.4
F STOP 22
 CLASSIFICATION OF LENS BASED
ON APERTURE/ LENS SPEED

FAST LENS – SMALL F STOP/ F NUMBER (LARGE LENS OPENING) Ex. F 1.4, F2 and
F2.8- more light will pass thru- required SHUTTER SPEED (FASTER)

SLOW LENS – large F stop/ f number ( small lens opening) ex F 8, F 11 F16 and F22- less
light will pass thru- required a SLOWER STUTTER SPEED)
DIAPHRAGM VS LENS APERTURE
 ISO – GREEK WORD “ISOS” MEANS
EQUAL

Less ISO value- less sensitive light

Greater ISO value – more sensitive light

 ISO APPLICATIONS
Low ISO – outdoor photography

Midrange ISO – indoor photography/ depends on the lighting condition

High ISO – night photography/ astrophotography

 DEPTH OF FIELD
SHORT/ SHALLOW D.O.F. – LESS OBJECT APPEARS SHARP
F number( low) indicates large lens opening( aperture) – more light- DOF ( shallow/ short )

LONG OR DEEP D.O.F – MORE OBJECTS APPEAR SHARP- BACKGROUND &

FOREGROUND
F NUMBER( HIGH)- indicates smaller lens opening( aperture)- less light- DOF (deep/long)
 LENS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FOCAL
LENGTH – EXPRESSED INTO MILLIMETERS

Magnification – the size of the image formed by the lens

Angle of view – extent of the size of the scene

 LENS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FOCAL
LENGTH – EXPRESSED INTO MILLIMETERS

Fish eye/ ultra wide lens( 8-24mm)

- Landscape and architectural
- Extreme wide angle view
 LENS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FOCAL
LENGTH – EXPRESSED INTO MILLIMETERS

Wide Angle lens (24mm-35mm)

- Landscape and architectural photography
- 60 to 90 degrees (angle of view)
- Shorter focal length compared to normal/ standard lens

Shorter focal length --- long/ deep depth of field

 LENS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FOCAL
LENGTH – EXPRESSED INTO MILLIMETERS
Standard lens – 35-70 millimetres
- a.k.a – NORMAL LENS
- 50 mm ( international basis/standard)
- 45 degrees( angle of view) approximately same with the view of a human eye

D.O.F = NORMAL
 LENS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FOCAL
LENGTH – EXPRESSED INTO MILLIMETERS

Telephoto lens/ long lens

70 to 300 millimetres
portrait photography
Decrease D.O.F but great in magnification
Less than 45 degrees( angle of view)
 LENS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FOCAL
LENGTH – EXPRESSED INTO MILLIMETERS

• Extreme Telephoto lenses- more than 300mm/

wildlife photography/extreme magnification of the
subject
 Focal length Picture Angle D.O.F
1.Standard/ normal same as the eye Normal

2. Short Focal length wider DEEP/LONG

3. Long Focal Length Narrower short/ shallow

Short focal length --- long/deep DOF more objects are visible and clear/ sharp
Long focal length ---- short/ shallow DOF less object appears sharp/clear
What the factors that affects
the DEPTH OF FIELD
(DOF)?
 WHAT THE FACTORS THAT
AFFECTS THE DEPTH OF FIELD
(DOF)?

•Aperture
•Focal length
•Distance
 DOF – APERTURE, FOCAL LENGTH
AND DISTANCE

SHORT DOF –- SMALL APERTURE (SMALL FSTOP/ larger ang lens opening), LONG
FOCAL LENGTH- CLOSE DISTANCE

LONG/DEEP DOF- LARGE APERTURE- large FSTOP(-smaller ang lens opening) SHORT
FOCAL LENGTH- FAR DISTANCE