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(Kotak) Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels, September 16, 2019
(Kotak) Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels, September 16, 2019
Oil on the boil. The largest-ever disruption of crude production in Saudi Arabia amid
drone attacks on its key facilities may keep oil prices elevated in the near term. Global
oil supplies may be adequately met through large inventories and strategic reserves;
however, moderation in oil prices will depend on full restoration of Saudi’s production,
which may at least take a few weeks. Any further escalation of geopolitical tensions in
the middle-east region may add to the woes. Spike in crude prices, even if temporary,
will be negative for downstream OMCs and positive for upstream PSUs and GAIL.
Attacks on Saudi oil facilities impact 5.7 mn b/d of production and constrain spare capacity
The drone attacks on Saudi’s critical oil infrastructure at Abqaiq and Khurais have impacted
around 5.7 mn b/d of current crude production, while also constraining its surplus spare
capacity (~2 mn b/d) significantly. The plants at Abqaiq have capacity of processing ~7 mn b/d
of crude oil, while oil fields in Khurais have capacity of producing ~1.5 mn b/d of crude oil.
Media articles suggest that it may take a few weeks at least to restore the facilities and bring
the production back to previous levels, even as Saudi government is yet to announce the extent
of damage and likely time period for restoration to normalcy.
IEA’s estimates, before Saudi’s disruption, suggested 0.8 mn b/d of reduction in world oil
inventories during 2HCY19, with global oil demand expected to exceed curtailed and
stagnating supplies. The incremental disruption of 5.7 mn b/d (~6% of global oil supplies) from
Saudi, even if for a short period, will accelerate the anticipated drawdown in global inventories.
Nevertheless, the large industry-wide commercial stocks as well as strategic reserves are
adequate to keep the global oil markets balanced for a long duration, if need be. IEA’s latest
estimates suggest that OECD countries have (1) 2.93 bn bbls of commercial petroleum
inventories including 1.09 bn bbls of crude inventory and (2) 1.55 bn bbls of strategic
government-controlled petroleum reserves including 1.23 bn bbls of crude oil. Even if we
assume that Saudi’s disrupted oil supplies remain out of the market entirely for the next three
months, it can be serviced by 11-12% of OECD inventories (0.52 bn bbls).
Any further escalation of geopolitical tensions in the middle-east region, which cannot be ruled
out for now, may add to the woes of global oil supplies for now given lack of buffer from
Saudi’s significant spare production capacity. We note that crude supplies from Iran and
Venezuela have already been curtailed significantly amid sanctions from the US, while supplies
from Libya and Nigeria have also shown vulnerability to disruptions in the recent times.
Short-term spike in crude prices, negative for downstream and positive for upstream and GAIL Tarun Lakhotia
tarun.lakhotia@kotak.com
The spike in global crude prices, even though temporary, will be negative for downstream Mumbai: +91-22-4336-0875
OMCs (BPCL, HPCL and IOCL) and Castrol. We do not rule out a possibility of moderation in
Hemang Khanna
marketing margins on auto fuels—a US$10/bbl rise in global crude and product prices may hemang.khanna@kotak.com
require OMCs to increase retail price of diesel and gasoline by Rs5-6/liter in the following Mumbai: +91-22-4336-0876
fortnight. Sharp jump in global crude prices may also put pressure on refining margins amid
slowing demand, besides increasing absolute quantum of fuel and loss. On the other hand,
higher crude prices may be construed positively for upstream PSUs and GAIL.
For Private Circulation Only. FOR IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT KOTAK SECURITIES’ RATING SYSTEM AND OTHER DISCLOSURES, REFER TO THE END OF THIS MATERIAL.
India Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels
Exhibit 1: Global crude inventories were anticipated to moderate in 2HCY19E, even before Saudi disruption
Global oil inventory change versus crude price, calendar year-ends, 2009-19E
(mn b/d) Crude production surplus/(deficit) [LHS] Dated Brent crude price [RHS] (US$/bbl)
3.0 2.7 125
111 112
2.5 109 115
2.0 99 105
1.5 1.1 1.2
1.0 95
1.0 0.7 0.7
80 85
0.5 0.4
0.5 0.2
0.0 0.1 (0.1) 69 68.5 75
68
- 62 75 62.5
(0.5) 65
(0.5)
(0.5) 52 (0.6) 67
62 (0.6) 55
(1.0) (0.8) 44 (0.9)
54
(1.5) 50 52 45
(1.3) (1.2)
(2.0) 35
3QCY19E
4QCY19E
2009
2014
2010
2011
2012
2013
2015
2016
1QCY17
2QCY17
3QCY17
4QCY17
1QCY18
2QCY18
3QCY18
4QCY18
1QCY19
2QCY19
Source: IEA, Kotak Institutional Equities estimates
Exhibit 2: Global oil demand-supply balance, before the Saudi oil supply disruption
Global crude demand, supply and prices, calendar year-ends, 2012-20E
Notes:
(a) OPEC production data includes Indonesia in 2012 and Gabon from 2013 onwards.
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Exhibit 4: OECD inventory levels adequate for around three months of forward demand
Total inventory in OECD as days of forward cover of demand (# of days)
100
95
90
85
80
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Exhibit 5: Production from Iran has declined by over 1 mn b/d post US-led sanctions
Monthly production from Iran, January 2011 onwards (mn b/d)
Jul-12
Jul-13
Jul-14
Jul-15
Jul-16
Jul-17
Jul-18
Jul-19
Apr-11
Apr-12
Apr-13
Apr-14
Apr-15
Apr-16
Apr-17
Apr-18
Apr-19
Oct-11
Oct-12
Oct-13
Oct-17
Oct-18
Oct-14
Oct-15
Oct-16
Jan-12
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-18
Jan-19
Jan-11
Jan-15
Jan-16
Jan-17
Source: OPEC, Kotak Institutional Equities
Exhibit 6: Production from Venezuela has declined sharply due to imposition of sanctions by the US
Monthly production from Venezuela, January 2011 onwards (mn b/d)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
-
Jul-11
Jul-12
Jul-13
Jul-14
Jul-15
Jul-16
Jul-17
Jul-18
Jul-19
Apr-11
Apr-12
Apr-13
Apr-14
Apr-15
Apr-16
Apr-17
Apr-18
Apr-19
Oct-11
Oct-12
Oct-13
Oct-17
Oct-18
Oct-14
Oct-15
Oct-16
Jan-12
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-18
Jan-19
Jan-11
Jan-15
Jan-16
Jan-17
Exhibit 7: Libya crude oil production remains volatile amid disruptions in the region
Monthly production from Libya, January 2011 onwards (mn b/d)
Apr-13
Apr-14
Apr-15
Apr-17
Apr-18
Apr-12
Apr-16
Apr-19
Jul-12
Jul-13
Jul-16
Jul-17
Jul-19
Jan-11
Jul-11
Jan-12
Jan-14
Jul-14
Jan-15
Jul-15
Jan-16
Jan-18
Jul-18
Jan-19
Jan-13
Jan-17
Oct-11
Oct-12
Oct-15
Oct-16
Oct-18
Oct-13
Oct-14
Oct-17
Source: OPEC, Kotak Institutional Equities
Exhibit 8: Nigeria crude oil production remains volatile amid disruptions in the region
Monthly production from Nigeria, January 2011 onwards (mn b/d)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
-
Jul-11
Jul-12
Jul-13
Jul-14
Jul-15
Jul-16
Jul-17
Jul-18
Jul-19
Apr-11
Apr-12
Apr-13
Apr-14
Apr-15
Apr-16
Apr-17
Apr-18
Apr-19
Oct-11
Oct-12
Oct-13
Oct-17
Oct-18
Oct-14
Oct-15
Oct-16
Jan-12
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-18
Jan-19
Jan-11
Jan-15
Jan-16
Jan-17
Jul-13
Jul-16
Jul-17
Jul-14
Jul-15
Jul-18
Jul-19
Oct-14
Oct-15
Oct-18
Oct-12
Oct-13
Apr-14
Apr-15
Oct-16
Oct-17
Apr-19
Apr-12
Apr-13
Apr-16
Apr-17
Apr-18
Jan-13
Jan-14
Jan-17
Jan-18
Jan-12
Jan-15
Jan-16
Jan-19
Source: OPEC, Kotak Institutional Equities
"Each of the analysts named below hereby certifies that, with respect to each subject company and its securities for which
the analyst is responsible in this report, (1) all of the views expressed in this report accurately reflect his or her personal views
about the subject companies and securities, and (2) no part of his or her compensation was, is, or will be, directly or
indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this report: Tarun Lakhotia, Hemang Khanna."
60%
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50%
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