VCE HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT UNIT 3 AOS 1

RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AUSTRALIA'S

HEALTH STATUS AND BURDEN OF DISEASE
Presented by Lisa O’Halloran

Study design dot point:

• The contribution to Australia’s health status and the burden of disease of
smoking, alcohol, high body mass index, and dietary risks (under-consumption
of vegetables, fruit and dairy foods; high intake of fat, salt and sugar; low intake
of fiber and iron).

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 1

15,500 Australian’s get cancer from smoking each year

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 2

The secrets they keep

Source: http://www.smarterthansmoking.org.au/tobacco-resources/
© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 3
Impact of smoking
Risks from smoking
Theory summary
Approximately 15,500 Australian’s
die from smoking related conditions
each year; including cancer, heart
disease and respiratory conditions.
Tobacco products are said to kill two
in three long-term users.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Source: Australia Institute of Health and Welfare

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 4

Impact of smoking
The contribution to Australia’s health status and
burden of disease – Smoking

Source: Australia Institute of Health and Welfare

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 5

Impact of alcohol
Theory summary
Excessive alcohol consumption impacts
health in a number of ways;

• Alcohol is high in calories (energy), or

consumed with high calorie liquids,
such as soft drink, which leads to
weight gain and associated conditions.

• Alcohol intake lowers inhibitions

leading to greater risk-taking
behaviours, such as drink driving,
accounting for higher risk of injury,
disability and premature death.

• Alcohol is a depressant drug which

increases the risk of depression, self
harm and suicide.
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/
Alcohol_diagram.png

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 6

Impact of alcohol
The contribution to Australia’s health status and
burden of disease – Alcohol

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 7

Impact of alcohol
The contribution to Australia’s health status and
burden of disease – Alcohol

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 8

Body mass index Impact of high body mass index
(n.) Theory summary
BMI is a measure of Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on So for someone who is
body fat based on
your weight in relation to your height. 180 centimeters tall and
your weight in
relation to your weights 80 kilograms:
height.
!" #$
BMI =
%.! ' (

!"
=
).)%

= 24.2

Source: https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/579450976_1280x720.jpg

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 9

 Impact of high body mass index
Body mass index
(n.) The contribution to Australia’s health status and
BMI is a measure of
body fat based on burden of disease – High BMI
your weight in Risks of being overweight (high BMI) and
relation to your physically inactive
height.
If you are overweight (with a BMI over 25) and
physically inactive, you may develop:
• Cardiovascular (heart and blood circulation)
disease
• Gallbladder disease
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Type 2 diabetes
• Osteoarthritis
• Certain types of cancer, such as colon and breast
cancer
• Depression and other mental health disorders

Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Medical_complications_of_obesity.png
© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 10
 Impact of high body mass index
Body mass index
(n.) Limitations of using BMI
BMI is a measure of
body fat based on Body Mass Index (BMI) is a valuable tool for identifying and tracking
your weight in populations trends in weight. However, the use of BMI does have
relation to your significant limitations.
height.
One limitation of BMI is that it does not distinguish between fat and
muscle, which is heavier and therefore an athlete, such as an AFL
footballer may fall into the overweight status, even if fat levels are
low

Furthermore, BMI does not indicate where the body fat is stored.
Two people with the exact same BMI can have very different patterns
of body fat distribution and therefore a very different risk of
developing chronic conditions, such as Cardiovascular disease and
type 2 Diabetes.

Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Lance_Franklin_2017.1.jpg
Source: https://media.defense.gov/2013/Nov/07/2000898475/670/394/0/131031-F-IM476-048.JPG
© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 11
Multiple choice activity
Which of the following health status indicators are least likely to be impacted by
tobacco smoking?

A. Maternal mortality

B. Life expectancy

C. Health adjusted life expectancy

D. Morbidity

E. I don’t know.

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 (Written by the author) 12

Multiple choice – Response
Which of the following health status indicators are least likely to be impacted by
tobacco smoking?

A. Maternal mortality

B. Life expectancy

C. Health adjusted life expectancy

D. Morbidity

E. I don’t know.

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 (Written by the author) 13

Multiple choice activity
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death associated with alcohol.
Which component of alcohol is best associated with these conditions?

A. Alcohol is a depressant.

B. Alcohol is energy dense.

C. Alcohol lowers inhibitions.

D. Alcohol damages brain cells.

E. I don’t know.

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 (Written by the author) 14

Multiple choice – Response
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death associated with alcohol.
Which component of alcohol is best associated with these conditions?

A. Alcohol is a depressant.

B. Alcohol is energy dense.

C. Alcohol lowers inhibitions.

D. Alcohol damages brain cells.

E. I don’t know.

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 (Written by the author) 15

Multiple choice activity
BMI is considered to be a limited measure of body weight.
Which of the following is a limitation?

A. Does not distinguish between fat and muscle.

B. Does not indicate where body fat is stored.

C. Does not take into account genetic factors such as ethnicity.

D. All of the above.

E. I don’t know.

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 (Written by the author) 16

Multiple choice – Response
BMI is considered to be a limited measure of body weight.
Which of the following is a limitation?

A. Does not distinguish between fat and muscle.

B. Does not indicate where body fat is stored.

C. Does not take into account genetic factors such as ethnicity.

D. All of the above.

E. I don’t know.

© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 (Written by the author) 17

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© Lisa O’Halloran & Edrolo 2017 18