LAB ACTS

LEARNING ACT 2

DEFECTS - A defect is an undesirable characteristic ofa product. It is defined as a failure to conform to

specifications. - A unit of a product which contains one ormore defects is called a defective.

Classification
A. According to measurability:
1. Variable defect – a defect which can be measured directly by instruments giving dimensions of
length, weight, height, thickness, concentration, volume, viscosity, pH or size particles.
2. Attribute defect – a defect which cannot be measured directly by instruments. This applies to many
things that can be judged only by color or visual exam. Like color, clarity, sheen, cleanliness,
smoothness, taste.

B. According to seriousness or gravity:

1. Critical defect – a defect which may endanger life or property and may render the product non-
functional. Absence of warning label for a potent drug is a critical defect.
2. Major defect – a defect which may affect the function of the object and therefore, may render the
product useless. The presence of a crack in a bottle is a major defect.
3. Minor defect – a defect which does not endanger life or property nor will affect the function but
nevertheless remains a defect since it is outside the prescribed limits. Slight deviation of the color of
label from the color standards is a minor defect.

C. According to nature :
1. Ocular defect – a defect that is visible, e.g. foreign particulate contamination.
2. Internal defect – a defect which is not seen although present, e.g. a subpotent drug product.
3. Performance defect – a defect in function, e.g. a suppository that does not melt at body
temperature.

Esco Healthcare. (2017, June 17). Defects. Esco Pharma News. Retrieved February 2, 2024, from
https://www.escopharma.com/news/defects

6. Paul, S. (2023, August 14). 1. INTRODUCTION, SOURCES OF QUALITY VARIATION, CONTROL OF

QUALITY VARIATION - PHARMD GURU. PHARMD GURU.

LAB ACTS

LEARNING ACT 1 - AD

LEARNING ACT 3
Pharmabeginers. (2020b, January 22). Operation and calibration of analytical balance. Pharma
Beginners. https://pharmabeginers.com/analytical-balance-calibration/

LEARNING ACT 4 -----