THE CONTINUING CIVILIZING PROCESS

OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
Coded Passage Research Gaps

I. ECONOMICS
Entry#1
A. ARGUMENT
Modern technology is very important in the livelihood Farming methods have evolved
and farming of Indigenous people. It helps a lot for massively over the years, from basic
making it easier for them to cultivate their farm and hand-held tools to the modern,
harvest the products. However, it has a negative impact sophisticated machinery we use today.
on how they operated their farms because of the huge Farmers are now embracing modernity,
amount of money that was being spent not only to pay which has enabled them to achieve the
the workers but when every part of machine used for highest potential in whichever farming
cultivating and harvesting was damaged. activity they choose to undertake.

B. HIGHLIGHT
Modern technology has a great impact on the lives of
Indigenous people not only in education but also in their
lifestyle/livelihood. It has advantages to them because it
helps a lot in easy way of planting and harvesting of their
crops.

C. CODE
1. Farming is made up easier now than before because of
modern technology.

D. REFERRENCE
Felipe Ayno (IP Farmer)
December 13,2022 Time: 09:00-10:00 am
https://www.agrirs.couk^2019/05

Entry#2
A. ARGUMENT
Using of fertilizers and insecticides are helps a lot to Fertilizer and pesticides are indispensable
Indigenous farmers in growing and fertilizing their inputs towards ensuring agricultural

plants, especially in driving out of various insects that productivity and food sufficiency. Fertilizers
supply the needed nutrients of crops while
destroying their plants. Even though the price of these is
pesticides protect crops from adverse effects
high, they buy it to keep their plants healthy unspoiled.
of pests, microorganisms, and weeds.
However, using of fertilizers is crops and killing insects
was only costly because of the high price.
B. HIGHLIGHT
The use of various fertilizers and insecticides in
farming has been never new to them before and until
now, because it helps a lot to grow their plants healthy
and also to make their harvest go well without damages
from any insects that will not lead to losses of their
products that they will to sell/barter to other town. He
added too, that they only use fertilizer on plants that are
only targets by insects. But, they do not use any
fertilizers for plants that are not destroyed by insects.

C. CODE
1. Fertilizer – give farmers’ hope to keep their plants
healthy and used of insecticides, so that the crops that
they need to harvest are harmless and they can sell them
properly.

D. REFERRENCE
Huas Bernabe (IP Farmer)
December 12,2022 Time: 01:00-2:00 pm
https://fpa.da.gov.ph/NW/index.php/about-us/history#
Entry#3
A. ARGUMENT
One of the easiest ways of trading is the modern Today, advances in technology and
vehicles used by traders nowadays and one of them is the transportation make it possible for
Tricycle vehicle which is used by native traders to speed modern society to barter on a global level.
up and facilitate the exporting of their products. But it
also has disadvantages, especially when the tires are
flattened, running out of fuel in unexpected
circumstances and also when the weather is bad. This has
resulted in losses of traders.

B. HIGHLIGHT
If it has been too much for them to export of their
products from the mountains to the town, but it would not
have been through the helps of the modern vehicles
(tricycle) which is, it is the way that their products had
been sold and exported. With this help, they have no
difficulty in descending from the high mountain to plains
of their products.
C. CODE
1. Transportation is a way of importing and exporting of
products. The trade would not be facilitated without any
use of transportation, especially nowadays.

D. REFERRENCE
Yason and Beibe Litaw (Mercahant Couple)
December 16, 2022 Time: 10:00-11:00 am
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/061615/what-
difference-between-barter-and-currency-systems.asp
Entry#4
A. ARGUMENT
Sa paglabas o pagbenta ng mga produkto ng mga Although Westernization can be
katutubo ito ay nasa mahabang proseso dahil sa lugar na viewed as an unfortunate reality,
kanilang pinanggagalingan, pagod at pawis ang naging Westernization or Modernization can also
puhunan nila upang maibenta lamang ang kanilang bring about benefits. Westernization has
produkto. also been beneficial in globalizing the
economy and creating more efficient
B. HIGHLIGHT ways of producing goods and services.
For the merchant, it is not easy for them to sell it Another benefit is the modernization of
because of the “westernization” or “pambabarat” by other medical practices, resulting in the
people who buy their products. In this situation, they extension of life expectancy.
have nothing to do or they have no choice to accept it Westernization has also created a world
because this is the only way for them to earn at least a with greater knowledge, and the ability to
little profit or income that can be added to their small communicate and share knowledge and
business and for their basic needs. ideas globally, at the touch of a button.

C. CODE
1. Westernization is the only way for traders/merchant to
make money.

D. REFERRENCE
Eliseo Quinton (Merchant)
December 20,2022 Time1:00-2:00 am
https://www.paragonls.com/news-and-press/
westernization-with-the-bad-comes-good
II. EDUCATION
Entry#5
A. ARGUMENT
It’s a great way to teach especially when students are
doing their best to learn something new from the lesson
that the teachers discussed. But for the native teachers,
teaching is not easy nowadays especially in the young
generation of an IPs student. In this case, the teacher will
be able to use different strategies or methods inside the
classroom to ensure that the IPs students are able to
attend and enjoy her class.
B. HIGHLIGHT
Teacher was approached some IPs students who have
difficulty understanding some unfamiliar words
contained in each subjects. She explained them, through
use of their own native language so that, they can better
understand what they need to do in the activities that
contained in each subject. And in this situation, she just
needs a long understanding especially with her IPs
students who are also striving to learn and have a basic
quality of education. And as an IP teacher who stands as
a second parent in the school, guidance and long-term
understanding is what native students really need.

C. CODING
1. Understanding and appreciating the differences of an
individuals.

D. REFERENCE
Vicky Capray (IP Teacher)
December 21,2022 Time: 3:00-4:00 pm
Entry#6
A. ARGUMENT
Ang kultura ng mga katutubong mangyan ay sagana The language of the Mangyan group,
sa iba’t ibang gamit at kasanayan. Subalit sa paglipas ng was not yet dying; however, what was
panahon, kung noon ang edukasyon at paaralan na alarming was the literacy rate of the
pinapasukan ng mga katutubong mangyan ay nasa young children—the future of the
kabundukan pa lamang pero sa kasalukuyan ito ay nasa community—as the younger generation
kapatagan na. Kaya, pagdating sa loob ng paaralan, hindi no longer knew how to write in Hanunoo
pa ganoon kabihasa ang mga katutubong mag-aaral script. Only the middle-aged members of
paggamit ng makabagong wika sa loob ng silid-aralan their community were still familiar with
dahil narin sa kanilang pinagmulan. their indigenous writing system. As such,
the researchers focused on developing
B. HIGHLIGHT strategies on preserving the language,
There are some IPs students who can follow and know particularly the written form, and
about the lesson in the class. If it is based on their origin, ensuring that the young members of the
a long understanding of them is needed to teach them and community would be taught for the
guide them in what they will do to keep up and to achieve
a high grades like Damuong or Tagalog students. But continuity of their culture.
some IP students are very active in schoolwork, but in
their academics it can still be said that they need to focus
to keep up with the majority because if we compare what
we have done to the Tagalog students who have
knowledge when it comes to the field of education
especially the academics that included in it.

C. CODE
1. Malaki ang pagkakaiba ng edukasyon ng mga Tagalog
at Katutubong Mangyan. Ito ay dahil sa kapaligiran na
kanilang pinanggalingan lalo at may sarili silang kultura.

D. REFERENCE
Naneth B. Damaynan (IP Teacher)
December 23, 2022 Time: 04:00-5:00 pm
https://thelasallian.com/2020/03/10/50467/
ENTRY#7
A. ARGUMENT
Edukasyon ang tanging pundasyon ng mga katutubong Every learner in new literacy program
mangyan tungo sa magandang buhay na nais nilang arrives with their own unique personal
makamit. Subalit dahil sa kahirapan o kakulangan sa experiences, motivation for participating,
financial, maraming mga kabataang katutubo ang and program expectations. As their
nagiging working student o namamasukang kasambahay literacy practitioner, it’s up to you to find
sa mga Tagalog upang ipagpatuloy lamang ang pag-aaral. effective teaching methods that will work
for each individual.
B. HIGHLIGHTS
Working student is the hardest thing that every IP Western approaches have historically
student experiences when they have enough money to use dominated many education institutions.
in their study. And because of the familiarity and the Here are three tips to create a successful
family where she grew up in, that’s why she learned there literacy program that’s culturally
how to speak tagalog language than mangyan language. responsive to Indigenous learners.
She added too, that there is a time when she ashamed to 1. Develop a cultural understanding
speak mangyan language to her tribesmen because she 2. Teach meaningful content
does not want to be heard or embarrassed by her 3. Promote Indigenous culture
lowlander friends or acquaintances just because she is a
mangyan student.

C. CODE
1. Kahirapan at diskriminasyon mula sa ibang tao ang
tanging magpapalakas ng loob ng isang mag-aaral upang
ipagpatuloy ang pag-aaral.
2. Hindi hadlang ang status sa buhay kahit ikaw ay isang
katutubo lamang lalo na kapag ikaw ay may pangarap sa
buhay.
3. Dedication at pagiging pursigido sa buhay ang tulay sa
pangarap na pinaka-asam-asam.

D. REFERENCE
Saida Balungbong (IP working Student)
December 22, 2022 Time: 01:00-02:00 pm
https://abclifeliteracy.ca/blog-posts/3-adult-teaching-
strategies-for-indigenous-learners/
ENTRY#8
A. ARGUMENT
Maraming bagay at rason kung bakit may mga Because of years of discrimination,
katutubong mangyan ang ibinubuwis ang buhay para sa many indigenous parents choose to teach
pangarap. Dahil narin ayaw nilang sila ay laiitin dahil sa and talk to their children in the dominant
kulturang mayroon sila. Kaya maraming katutubong languages – in order to create optimal
mag-aaral ang nababago ang pananaw dahil sa conditions for their social success. Since
environment at mga taong kanilang nakakasalamuha. their mother tongue is often used only by
older people, an entire generation of
B. HIGHLIGHTS indigenous children can no longer
As a working student for ten years of living in other communicate with their grandparents.
people’s house, many things changed in her life liked It encapsulates the relationship of the
spiritually, physically, mentally and emotionally because individual to the community and to the
of the family problem. Everything was not easy for her ancestors. It goes beyond simply saying
but because of the help of other people who cared and “be good”; it carries the admonition that
educated her. That’s the reason why she became has a “the spirits/ancestors will not approve”.
positive mind in life again. Became fluent and she gained Because many of the young people now
confidence in herself to be able to speak and express no longer speak the local language and
what she feels using the tagalog language. And she added use English or the national language
also that it is not easy to change her personality, instead, this notion and value is being
behavior, and actions even she grew up in the other lost. The lack of dialogue between elders
people’s house. She turned life’s challenges into an and the youth is exacting a toll, not just in
investment so she had a positive mind in life. terms of language but in ancestral ethical
principles.
C. CODE
1. Karanasan ang nagiging pundasyon ng isang tao para
maabot ang pangarap na nais makamit.

D. REFERENCE
Melody Aynungan (IP Student)
December 24,2022 Time: 09:00-10:00 am
https://en.unesco.org/courier/2019-1/indigenous-
languages-knowledge-and-hope
III.RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
ENTRY#9
A. ARGUMENT
Malaki at mabuti ang naidudulot ng makabagong According to a new batch of
teknolohiya sa buhay ng isang tao. Subalit nagkakaroon scientific studies, it would appear that the
lamang ito ng hindi magandang epekto kapag hindi ito reason why Western music is able to
ginagamit sa tamang paraan. make itself heard even in the most distant
B. HIGHLIGHTS corners of the world is the fact that it can
Due to modernization, many things have changed not easily convey emotions across cultural
only in people's living and lifestyle but also in how barriers, even if no actual lyrics are sung.
people keep up with the flow of time. According to her, This may be one of the main motives why
she was one of those who played a role in their church, other types of traditional music, from
active and responsible for all activities inside and outside parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, have
the church. When she's sad, she doesn't play church never made it into the “mainstream,” as
songs, but the popular songs nowadays. they are more complex and very difficult
to understand.
C. CODE
Hindi lamang lifestyle ng isang tao ang binabago ng The researchers have likened these
tecknolohiya kundi ganoon din ang mga makabagong differences to the behavior exhibited by
awiting kinahuhumalingan ng mga kabataan sa modern youth, who listen to a lot of fast
kasalukuyan. music, be it rock, house, or belonging to
other genres, but find themselves bored to
D. REFERENCE death of classical or symphonic ones.
Via Litaw (IP Student) Despite the fact that both types convey
December 28,2022 Time: 02:00-03:00 pm the same emotions, it's very difficult to
https://news.softpedia.com/news/Why-Western-Music-Is- find common ground between them, and
so-Popular-107456.shtml only a small group can do it.
ENTRY#10
A. ARGUMENT
Social media is especially effective for keeping youth
aware of and involved in church events. But interacting
with minors online requires caution. Because all online
communication is not confidential and may be shared,
your staff’s interactions on social need to be transparent.

B. HIGHLIGHTS
The wonders of technology may lead us to marvel at the
genius of people, but the truth is that technological
inventions reflect our Creator who made us in His own
image. No wonder people can’t help but continuously
come up with new inventions. The key is how we use
them. Technology is a tool. It can create some challenges,
but you can also use it for good.

C. CODE
1. Social Media is an essential in everything that
contributes to change of a person’s life.
2. It is a way to reach out to people who may not be able
to make it in the physical church location.
3. Build community by keeping followers informed,
involved and engaged with their content
D. REFERENCE
Sarah C. Capray (Student)
December 25, 2022 Time: 01:00-02:00 pm

ENTRY#11
A. ARGUMENT
A person’s own beliefs cannot be judged by others.
Everyone has their own freedom to do like what they
want to do whether they go to church or not. In this case,
one person must be understand and respect the
differences of every person.

B. HIGHLIGHTS
It is formal when a deceased family belongs to the church
where they attend and it is customary to do so.
Informally, when a deceased does not go to church or the
people of the world but still want to pass a dead person to
the church so that his soul can have peace and tranquility.
In the informal practice, the deceased also needs to ask
permission from the Pastor if it is possible for a dead
person to be taken to the church even if it is not the
affiliated church. In informal of this doings, it depends
also in every religion of church.

C. CODE
1. Person’s belief depends on his/her environment.
2. Symbolizes of communicating with God through the
offering of worship songs.
D. REFERENCE
Enrile Luna (Pastor)
December 26, 2022 Time:03:00-04:00 pm
Entry#12
A. ARGUMENT
Prayer is the most powerful weapon of one person
toward his/her God. It is done in the right way as a sign
of respect to God. Unlike to Daniw, it is a worldly
practice or beliefs of those people who do not believe in
God. Non-traditional IPs cannot do this especially if they
don't go to church. Because their thoughts are full of
beliefs about evil elements or superstitions that they
themselves will heal people who have serious illnesses.

B. HIGHLIGHTS
Prayer is a person's personal conversation with his
Lord. This is the most effective way for a person to
express what he feels and experiences on a daily basis
and protection from any harm that the person will not
suffer in his/her future. Prayer is the most effective shield
than Daniw or supertition.

C. CODE
1. Prayer is the way of hopes and gratitude of one person.
2. Medicine of all times through sadness, happiness,
strengths and weaknesses of human.
3. Faith in the one God who created non-living and living
things.

D. REFERENCE
Pausto Balumbong (Old Pastor of our church)
December 26, 2022 Time:05:00-06:00 pm